初中英语语法现在完成时讲解练习题讲义

1、现在完成时态语法讲解和习题牢固构成现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词have(has)表示事情发生于现在。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词在句子中做谓语，说明句子的含义。2.用法（1）动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在有某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet等副词修饰。如：Haveyouhadlunchyet?-Yes,Ihave.Ivejusthadit.你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我方才吃过。（现在我不饿了（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始素来连续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能依旧在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状

2、语。如：Hehastaughtheresince2011.他自2011年就在这儿教书。（可能还要连续教）Ihavetseenherforfouryears.我有四年没见到她了。since和for的差异since后接时间点，如8:00，lastterm,yesterday,3daysagofor后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如oneyear,twodays,alongtime等。Exercise:用since和for填空1.JimhasbeeninIreland_Monday.2.JillhasbeeninIreland_threedays.HisaunthaslivedinAustralia

3、_5days.4.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere_7oclock.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry_1974.Thebusislate.Theyvebeenwaiting_20minutes.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenempty_manyyears.Mikehasbeenill_alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital_October.（3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever,never,three

4、times等时间状语。如：IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.我去过北京二次。3.现在完成时的时间状语（1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能够和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,lastSunday,in1990,threeyearsago等。但是，在重申换作产生的结果和影响时，能够和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。a.用副词already和yet。already一般用于必定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如：Wehavealreadyfinishedourhomework.我们已完成作业了。Theyhaventfinishedtheirhomeworkyet.他们还

5、没有完成作业。用ever和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“以前”或“从未“等。如：-HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?你以前往过长城吗？-IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我从未去过长城。c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just,before,thepastfewyears等。比方：Ihaveseenherbefore,butIcannotrememberwhere.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。Hehasbeentherethreetimesthelastfewdays.近几年他去过那处三次了。d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状

6、语，如：now,today,thismorning(month,year,term)等。比方：-Haveyoumethimtoday?-No,Ihavent.今天你见过他吗？我没有。2）现在完成时能够和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，素来连续到现在。如：Ihaventseenhimfortwoyears.Shehasworkedinthefactoryfor5year.但是，像come,arrive,buy等停止性动词不能够与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必定改为相应的连续性动词来表述。表示短暂意义的动词如arrive,leave,borr

7、ow,buy,begin,start,die等，在完成时中间不能够和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不能能连续。因此，不能够说：Hehascomeherefor2weeks.Theoldmanhasdiedfor4years.Theyhaveleftonlyfor5minutes.以上三句话能够改为：Hehasbeenherefor2weeks.Theoldmanhas_for4years.Theyhave_onlyfor5minutes.现归纳总结一下由非连续性动词到连续性动词的变换：1.直接用连续性动词buyhave；catch(get)acoldhaveacold；borrow

8、keep；becomebe；puton-wear2.变换成be+名词jointhearmybeasoldier；jointhePartybeaPartymember；gotoschoolbeastudent3变换成be+形容词或副词diebedead；finishbeover；beginbeon；leavebeaway；fallsleepbeasleepclosebeclosedcometo/goto/arriveat(in)+某地bein(at)+某地finishbeoveropenbeopen4.变换成be+介词短语gotoschoolbeinschool；getup_beup；如：Heh

9、asbeenasoldierforthreeyears.他参军三年了。Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父亲去世二年了。Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.电影已开始十分钟了。WehavealreadystudiedEnglishforthreeyears.我们已经学英语三年了。4.现在完成时和一般过去时的差异现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时重申的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：Ihavelostmynewbook.我把新书

10、丢了。（现在还未找到）Ilostmynewbookyesterday.我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）5.几点注意事项1）havebeen(to)与havegone(to)的差异：havebeen(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；havegone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once,never,manytimes等连用，后者则不能够。如：TheyhavebeentoBeijingtwice.他们曾去过北京两次。HehasgonetoBeijing.他已经去北京了。（2）如单纯表示一段时间，或重申一段时间，虽有

11、since一词，也不用用完成时。如：Itistwoyearssincehisfatherdied.=Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父亲去世已有三年了。一、单项选择1.LiHonghas_thearmyfor2years.A.joinedB.beinC.beenin2.Wehavebeenfriendssince_.A.childrenB.fiveyearsC.fiveyearsago3.Mike_thestoryforamonth.A.hasboughtB.hashadC.hadhad4.You_thatquestionthreetimes.A.alread

12、yaskedB.havealreadyaskedC.alreadyhaveaskedD.askedalready5.ThoseforeignfriendsleftGuangzhou_.A.sincelastweekB.aweekagoC.foraweekD.sinceaweekago6.I_atthisschoolfortwoyears.A.amstudyingB.studyC.studiedD.joinedinD.fiveyearsbeforeD.hasborrowedD.havestudied7.They_inthecitysincelastsummer.A.liveB.didntlive

13、C.havelivedD.live8.Mrs.WanghaslivedinHaikou_1992.A.sinceB.fromC.afterD.in9.Mr.Black_Chinasincethesummerof1998.A.hasbeentoB.hasbeeninC.hascometoD.cameto10.Hisfather_foryears.A.hasdiedB.hasbeendeadC.diedD.dies11.Mary_toseethefilmsbecauseshe_ittwice.A.wontgo,sawB.wontgo,willseeC.wontgo,hasseenD.didntgo

14、,sees13._you_England?Yes,it_abeautifulcountry.A.Will,goneto,wasB.Have,beento,isC.Had,beento,isD.Have,goneto,is14.-_you_toBeijing?-No,I_.I_thereearlynextmonth.A.Have,been,havent,amgoingB.Had,been,hadnt,amgoingC.Have,gone,havent,wasgoingD.Did,go,didnt,wasgoing15.-Yousister_toLondontostudyEnglish.Istha

15、ttrue?-Yes,she_therefortwomonths.A.hasbeen,hasbeenB.willgo,hasgoneC.gone,willbeD.hasgone,hasbeen42.Hissister_herhometownforthreeyears.ShellreturnnextyearAleftBhasleftChasbeenawayDhasbeenawayfrom以合适形式填空I_already_(see)thefilm.I_(see)itlastweek.-_he_(finish)hisworktoday?-Notyet.-_you_(be)toHongKong?-Ye

16、s,I_(be)theretwice.-_youever_(eat)chocolatesundaes?-No,never.Myfather_just_(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.6.WheresLiMing?He_(go)totheteachersoffice.句型变换(每空一词)。1.IhavebeentoMacaubefore.(改为否定句)I_beentoMacaubefore.2.Hehasntcometoschoolbecausehe就划线部分s提ill问()_hecometoschool?3.HehaslearnedEnglishfor5year

17、s.(就划线部散提问)_learnedEnglish?5.WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.(改为同义句)We_English_threeyears6.Hehaslivedheresince1999.(就划线部散提问)_he_here?7.Theyhavealreadyfinishedthework.（否定）They_thework_.8.Myfathergottheretwodaysago.（同义句）Myfather_fortwodays.9.Mr.LibegantoteachEnglishinthisschoolin1999.（同义句）Mr.Li_Eng

18、lishinthisschoolsince1999.10.Thefactoryopenedtenyearsago.（同义句）Thefactory_fortenyears.11.Theyhavecleanedtheroomtwicethisweek.(就划线部散提问)_they_theclassroomthisweek?12.MyfatherwenttoEnglandin2003and2005.（同义句）Myfather_England_.13.JohnleftBeijingthreeyearsago.（同义句）John_Beijing_threeyears.14.Hiscompanyopenedin2013.（同义句）Hiscompany_2013.15.Myfatherboughtthecarhalfayearago.（同义句）Myfather_thecar_halfayear.16.Wegottoknoweachotherforabout15years.（同义句）We_eachother_about15years.17.Thefilmbegantenminutesago.（同义句）Thefilm_fortenminutes.18.Heborrowedt