新加坡地理经济文化英语介绍-Singapore

1、新加坡地理经济济文化英语介介绍新加坡共和国RRepubllic off SinggaporeeSingapoore, oofficiially the RRepubllic off Singgaporee, is an issland counttry loocatedd at tthe sooutherrn tipp of tthe Maalay PPeninssula. It liies 1337 killometrres (885 mi) nortth of the eequatoor, soouth oof thee Malaaysiann statte of Johorr and n

2、orthh of IIndoneesiass Riauu Islaands. At 7007.1 kkm2 (2273.0 sq mii), Siingapoore iss one of foour reemainiing trrue ciity-sttates in thhe worrld. IIt is the ssmalleest naation in Sooutheaast Assia. PPrior to Euuropeaan setttlemeent, tthe issland now kknown as Siingapoore waas thee sitee of aa Mala

3、ay fisshing villaage att the mouthh of tthe Siingapoore Riiver. Severral huundredd indiigenouus Oraang Laaut peeople also livedd alonng thee nearrby cooast, riverrs andd on ssmalleer isllands. In 11819 tthe Brritishh Eastt Indiia Commpany estabblisheed a ttradinng posst on the iislandd, whiich waas

4、useed theereaftter ass a sttrateggic trradingg postt alonng thee spicce rouute.44 Sinngaporre wouuld beecome one oof thee mostt impoortantt commmerciaal andd miliitary centrres off the Britiish Emmpire, and the hhub off Brittish ppower in Sooutheaast Assia. TThe ciity waas occcupiedd by tthe Jaapane

5、sse durring WWorld War III, whhich WWinstoon Chuurchilll callled Britaains greattest ddefeatt.5 Singgaporee reveerted to Brritishh rulee immeediateely poostwarr, in 1945. Eighhteen yearss lateer thee cityy, havving aachievved inndepenndencee fromm Brittain, mergeed witth Mallaya, Sabahh and Sarawwak

6、 too formm Malaaysia. Howeever, less than two yyears laterr it ssecedeed froom thee fedeeratioon andd becaame ann indeependeent reepubliic on 9 Auggust 11965. Singaapore joineed thee Unitted Naationss on 221 Sepptembeer thaat samme yeaar. Itt is aalso aa membber off the Commoonweallth off Natiions.

7、Sincee indeependeence, Singaapores staandardd of llivingg has been on thhe risse. Fooreignn direect innvestmment aand a statee-led drivee to iindusttrialiisatioon bassed onn planns draawn upp by tthe Duutch eeconommist AAlbertt Winssemiuss havee creaated aa modeern ecconomyy focuused oon eleectronni

8、cs mmanufaacturiing, ppetrocchemiccals, touriism annd finnanciaal serrvicess alonngsidee tradditionnal enntrept traade.ccitatiion neeeded Singgaporee is tthe 5tth weaalthieest coountryy in tthe woorld iin terrms off GDP (PPP) per capitta.6 Thiss smalll nattion hhas fooreignn exchhange reserrves oof

9、morre thaan US$177 bbillioon.7 The popullationn of SSingappore iis appproximmatelyy 4.844 milllion.2 Thhough Singaapore is hiighly cosmoopolittan annd divverse, ethnnic Chhinesee formm the majorrity oof thee popuulatioon. Ennglishh is tthe addminisstratiive laanguagge of the ccountrry. Thhe Connstit

10、uution of thhe Reppublicc of SSingappore eestabllishedd the natioons ppolitiical ssystemm as aa reprresenttativee demoocracyy, whiile thhe couuntry is reecogniised aas a pparliaamentaary reepubliic.8 The Peoplles AActionn Partty (PAAP) doominattes thhe polliticaal proocess and hhas woon conntrol of

11、Paarliamment iin eveery ellectioon.新加坡自然地理理Naturre Geoographhy 1位于东南亚，是是马来西亚半半岛最南端的的一个热带城城市岛国。面面积为6933平方公里，北北隔柔佛海峡峡与马来西亚亚为邻，有长长堤与马来西西亚的 HYPERLINK /view/77220.htm 新山相通，南南隔新加坡海海峡与 HYPERLINK /view/2680.htm 印度尼尼西亚相望。Singapoore phhysicaal geoographhy is locatted att Souttheastt Asiaa, is a Penninsullar M

12、aalaysiia mosst souuth tiip of tropiics ciity issland counttry. TThe arrea iss 693 squarre killometeers, nnorth separrates the JJohoree channnel aand Maalaysiia is the nneighbbour, has tthe caausewaay andd Malaaysias Johhore iis intterlinnked, southh sepaaratess the Singaapore channnel annd Inddones

13、iia facces onne anoother新加坡国名由来来How DDid Siingapoore Geet Itss Namee2加坡是一个城市市国家，原意意为“ HYPERLINK /view/767080.htm 狮城”。据马马来史籍记载载，公元11150年左右右， HYPERLINK /view/190401.htm 苏门答腊腊的室利佛逝逝王国王子盘盘那乘船到达达此岛，看见见一头猛兽，当当地人告知为为 HYPERLINK /view/17211.htm 狮子，遂有“狮狮城”之称。新新加坡是梵语语“狮城”之之谐音，由于于当地居民受受印度文化影影响较深，喜喜欢用梵语作作为地名。而而狮

14、子具有勇勇猛、雄健的的特征，故以以此作为地名名是很自然的的事。过去 HYPERLINK /view/10515.htm 华华侨多称其为为“息辣”，即即马来语“海海峡”的意思思，也有因其其小而将之称称为星洲、 HYPERLINK /view/1011715.htm 星星岛的。图为新加坡的的标志与象征征鱼尾狮狮塑像和“新加坡国国父”-李光耀。Singaapore is a city statee, thee origginal intenntion is “SSingappore”. Accoordingg to MMalayaa the histooricall recoords rrecord

15、d, aboout 11150, SSumatrras rroom aadvanttage BBuddhaa passsed kiingdomm prinnce pllate tthat tto go by booat too arriive att thiss islaand, ssaw a beastt of pprey, the nnativee to iinformm for the llion, then had “SSingappore” the nname. Singaapore is Paali “SSingappore” the hharmonnics, becauuse t

16、hhe loccal reesidennt is been deep the IIndiann cultture iinflueence, likess takiing thhe geoographhic naame wiith Paali. BBut thhe lioon hass, thee vigoorous charaacteriistic fierccely, thereefore by thhis acchieveement geogrraphicc namee is tthe veery naaturall mattter. IIn thee pastt overrseas Ch

17、ineese muulti-nname iit “thhe Sinngaporre”, nnamelyy Malaay “chhannell” meaaning, alsoo had becauuse off its slighhtly, but wwill bbe callled SSingappore, Sing Tao. The cchart makess an iidol ffor Siingapoores symbool andd the symboolic - - fiish taail liion wiith “tthe Siingapoore faather”-Leee Kua

18、nn Yew.面积Area measuuremennt：为693平平方公里6993 squuare kkilomeeters t 33首都Capittal：新加加坡（Sinngaporre）独立日Indeependeence DDay：8月9日（11965年）官方语言offficiall langguage： HYPERLINK /view/1458.htm 英语、 HYPERLINK /view/1711.htm 汉语、马来语语、泰米尔语语Engliish, CChinesse, Maalay, Tamill langguage行政用语：英语语 汉语（22006年起起汉语也可作作为政府行政政

19、语言）Addminisstratiive teerminoology: Engllish CChinesse (inn 20066 Chinnese mmay allso taake goovernmment aadminiistrattion llanguaage国家格言：Maajulahh Singgapuraa（前进吧，新新加坡” Advannce, SSingappore国歌：Majuulah SSingappura 前前进吧，新加加坡Advaance, Singaapore国语Natioonal llanguaage：马来语Mallay国花natioonal fflowerr：以一种

20、名为为 HYPERLINK /view/416863.htm 卓锦万代代兰的 HYPERLINK /view/709787.htm 胡姬花为 HYPERLINK /view/30082.htm 国花。东南亚亚通称 HYPERLINK /view/4244.htm 兰花为胡姬花花。卓锦万万代兰是由卓卓锦女士培植植而成，花朵朵清丽端庄、生生命力特强，它它象征新加坡坡人的气质和和刻苦耐劳、果果敢奋斗的精精神。这种浅浅紫红色的美美丽兰花有四四个花瓣，象象征各民族及及英语、华语语、马来语、 HYPERLINK /view/474482.htm 泰米尔语4大语系。Take onne kinnd of na

21、medd outsstandiing brrocadee throoughouut thee agess bluee Hu JJihua as thhe nattionall flowwer. SSoutheeast AAsia ggeneriic terrm orcchid iis Hu Jihuaa. Thee outsstandiing brrocadee bluee is tthrougghout the aages ccultivvates by Mss. Zhuuo Jinn becoomes, the fflowerrs simmple aand beeautifful sool

22、emn, the vitallity iis exttra-heeavy, it syymboliizes SSingapporeann perssons makinngs annd enddures hardsships, the couraageouss struuggle spiriit. Thhis kiind off shalllow ppurplee reds beaautifuul orcchid hhas foour fllower petalls, syymboliizes vvariouus nattionallitiess and Engliish, CChinesse,

23、 Maalay, the TTamil languuage 44 big languuage ffamiliies.政要Poliiticiaans 44 HYPERLINK /view/1034371.htm 内阁资政 HYPERLINK /view/7341.htm 李光耀耀，19655年新加坡独独立后，长期期担任总理，11990年111月辞去总总理的职务，改改任内阁资政政。国务资政政 HYPERLINK /view/153468.htm 吴作栋(Gooh Chook Tonng)，19990年111月至20004年8月任任新加坡第二二任总理。现现任总理 HYPERLINK /view/91

24、621.htm 李显显龙，2004年年8月12日日宣誓就职，成成为新加坡第第三任总理，112月当选 HYPERLINK /view/465535.htm 新新加坡人民行行动党新一任任秘书长，22006年55月再次当选选新加坡总理理，5月300日宣誓就职职总统 HYPERLINK /view/157862.htm 纳丹，于19999年8月188日当选为新新加坡共和国国总统，9月月1日正式宣宣誓就职，22005年99月连任。MMain ppointss of aadminiistrattion PPolitiicianss cabiinet ppresiddentiaal polliticaal

25、advviser Lee KKuan YYew, aafter in 19965 Siingapoore inndepenndencee, is premiier foor a llong ttime, in 19990 Noovembeer ressignedd fromm premmierss dutyy, chaanged to a new ppost tthe caabinett pressidenttial ppolitiical aadviseer. Sttate aaffairr pressidenttial ppolitiical aadviseer Gohh Chokk To

26、ngg (Gohh Chokk Tongg), waas apppointeed thee Singgaporee secoond prremierr Noveember, 19900 to AAugustt, 20004. Inncumbeent Prremierr Lee Hsienn Loonng, onn Auguust 122, 20004 wass sworrn, beecomess the Singaapore thirdd premmier, in Deecembeer wass eleccted aas thee Singgaporee peopple too movee p

27、artty neww secrretaryy geneeral, in Maay, 20006 waas eleected as Siingapoore prremierr oncee moree, on May 330 is swornn in PPresiddent NNadan, was electted inn Auguust 188, 19999 as Singaapore Repubblic ppresiddent, on Seeptembber 1 is swworn iin offficiallly, iin Sepptembeer, 20005 coontinuues.经济E

28、conoomic 5 经济以五大部门门为主：商业业、制造业、建建筑业、金融融业、交通和和通讯业。工工业主要包括括制造业和建建筑业。制造造业产品主要要包括电子产产品、化学与与化学产品、机机械设备、交交通设备、石石油产品、炼炼油等部门。是是世界第三大大炼油中心。农农业在国民经经济中所占比比例不到1，主要有家家禽饲养和水水产业。粮食食全部靠进口口，蔬菜自产产仅占5，绝绝大部分从马马来西亚、中中国、印度尼尼西亚和澳大大利亚进口。服服务业为经济济增长的龙头头产业。包括括零售与批发发贸易、 HYPERLINK /view/49246.htm 饭店店旅游、交通通与电讯、金金融服务、商商业服务等。Econom

29、y by five departments primarily: Trade, manufacturing industry, architecture industry, financial industry, transportation and communication industry. The industry mainly includes the manufacturing industry and the architecture industry. The manufacturing industry product mainly includes departments

30、and so on electronic products, chemistry and chemicals, mechanical device, traffic facilities, petroleum product, refinery. Is the world third big refinery center. The agriculture accounts for the proportion in the national economy less than 1%, mainly has the raising of poultry and the aquatic prod

31、ucts industry. The grain depends on the import completely, the vegetables from produces only accounts for 5%, the major part from Malaysia, China, Indonesia and Australia imports. Service industry for economic growth leading industry. Including retail sales and wholesale trade, hotel traveling, tran

32、sportation and telecommunication, financial service, commercial service and so on.货币 Currrency HYPERLINK /view/26698.htm 货币为新加坡元元（SGD），11元等于1000分。纸币币面值有2元元、5元、110元、500元、1000元、5000元、10000元、100000元；硬币有5分分、10分、220分、500分、1元。The currrencyy for the SSingappore ddollarr (SGDD), 1 Yuan is eqqual tto 1000 po

33、innts. TThe paaper mmoney face valuee has 2 Yuaan, 5 Yuan, 10 YYuan, 50 Yuuan, 1100 Yuuan, 5500 Yuuan, 11000 YYuan, 100000 Yuann; Thee coinn has 5 poiint, 110 poiint, 220 poiint, 550 poiint, 11 Yuann.新加坡共和国的的教育：Thhe eduucatioon of Repuublic of Siingapoore 新加坡教教育制度类似似英国式制度度，除了各语语文类科外，均均以英语为媒媒介语言。一一般修

34、读完十十到十一年的的中小学后能能选择到初级级学院、高中中或理工学院院就读，前两两者半数以上上能升上国内内大学。新加加坡有五所理理工学院与三三所大专学府府，其中新加加坡国立大学学与南洋理工工大学都是亚亚洲颇具盛名名的学府。新新加坡每年吸吸引不少来自自中国各地区区和马来西亚亚等地的留学学生前来升学学，令该国成成为亚洲的区区域教育枢纽纽。新加坡教教育制度常被被批评为过分分依赖制式教教材，不鼓励励个人独立思思想空间，强强调以考试方方式的区别学学生素质（升升学至上主义义），贬低其其他的学习方方式及职业的的贡献，新加加坡本土电影影小孩不笨笨即以讨论论该制度可能能扼杀其他新新加坡各类型型人才发展，及及因个人

35、无独独立思考的习习惯将无法回回应社会变迁迁挑战为电影影主题。Thhe eduucatioon of Repubblic oof Sinngaporre Thee Singgaporee educcationnal syystem is siimilarr the Britiish tyype syystem, besiides vvariouus lannguagees claass brranch, takee Engllish aas meddium llanguaage. AAfter generrally studiies teen to 11 yeear ellementtary a

36、and miiddle schoools, ccan chhoose the CCommunnity ccollegge, thhe higgh schhool oor thee Techhnicall insttitutee goess studdy, fiirst bboth mmore tthan hhalf ccan riise thhe dommesticc univversitty. Siingapoore haas fivve Tecchnicaal insstituttes wiith thhree ttechniical ccollegge schhools, the Sin

37、gaapore Natioonal UUniverrsity and tthe sooutherrn coaastal proviinces Univeersityy of SSciencce andd Techhnologgy aree Asiaa havee the greatt repuutatioon schhool. Singaapore attraacts eevery year many from placees thee suchh as CChinesse varrious areass and Malayysia fforeiggn stuudentss comees to

38、 enterr a hiigher schoool, maakes tthis ccountrry to becomme Asiias rregionn to eeducatte thee key posittion. The SSingappore eeducattionall systtem iss ofteen criiticizzed too relyy on eexcesssivelyy the serviice paatternn teacching materrial, does not eencourrage iindiviidual indeppendennt thoough

39、t spacee, strressedd thatt takees a ttest tthe waay diffferennce sttudentt quallity (to ennter aa highher scchool supreeme prrincipple), dispaaragess otheer stuudy waay andd the occuppationn conttributtion, the SSingappore nnativee placce movvie CChild not SStupidd nammely ddiscussses tthis ssystemm

40、 posssibly to sttranglle othher Siingapoore vaariouss typees tallentedd persson too deveelop, becauuse annd inddividuual noot inddependdent tthinkiings custoom willl be unablle to respoond thhe soccial cchangee challlengee for the mmovie subjeect. The eearlieest knnown mmentioon of Singaapore was aa

41、 3rd centuury Chhinesee accoount wwhich descrribed Singaapore as PPu-luoo-chunng (islannd at the eend off a peeninsuula). Litttle iss knowwn aboout thhe isllandss histtory aat thaat timme butt thiss mattter-off-factt desccriptiion beelies Singaapores collourfuul passt.By the 114th ccenturry, Siingap

42、oore haad beccome ppart oof thee mighhty Srri Vijjayan empirre andd was knownn as TTemaseek (SSea Toown). Locaated aat thee natuural mmeetinng poiint off sea routees at the ttip off the Malayy Peniinsulaa, Sinngaporre hadd longg knowwn vissits ffrom aa widee variiety oof seaa crafft, frrom Chhinesee

43、 junkks, Inndian vesseels, AArab ddhows and PPortugguese battlleshipps to Buginnese sschoonners.DDuringg the 11th centuury, tthis ssmall but sstrateegicallly-pllaced islannd hadd earnned a new nname - Sinnga Puura (Lionn Cityy). AAccordding tto leggend, a vissitingg Sri Vijayyan prrince saw aan anii

44、mal hhe misstook for aa lionn and Singaapores moddern dday naame waas borrn.Thee Brittish pprovidded thhe nexxt nottable chaptter inn the Singaapore storyy. Durring tthe 188th ceenturyy, theey saww the need for aa straategicc hallfway housee to refitt, feeed andd prottect tthe flleet oof theeir grro

45、wingg empiire, aas welll as to foorestaall anny advvancess by tthe Duutch iin thee regiion. IIt wass agaiinst tthis ppolitiical bbackdrrop thhat Siir Staamfordd Rafffles eestabllishedd Singgaporee as aa tradding sstatioon. Thhe pollicy oof freee traade atttractted meerchannts frrom alll oveer Asiia

46、andd fromm as ffar affield as thhe US and tthe Miiddle East. Byy 18244, jusst fivve yeaars affter tthe fooundinng of moderrn Sinngaporre, thhe poppulatiion haad groown frrom a mere 150 tto 10,000.IIn 18332, Siingapoore beecame the ccentree of ggovernnment for tthe Sttraitss Setttlemennts off Penaang

47、, MMalaccca andd Singgaporee. Thee openning oof thee Suezz Canaal in 1869 and tthe addvent of teelegraaph annd steeamshiip inccreaseed Sinngaporres iimporttance as a centrre forr the expannding tradee betwween EEast aand Weest.Siingapoore haad beeen thee sitee of mmilitaary acction in thhe 14tth cen

48、ntury when it beecame embrooiled in thhe strrugglee for the MMalay Peninnsula betweeen Siiam (nnow Thhailannd), aand thhe Javva-bassed Maajapahhit Emmpire.Five centuuries laterr, it was aagain the sscene of siignifiicant fightting dduringg Worlld Warr II. Singaapore was cconsiddered an immpregnnable

49、 fortrress, but tthe Jaapanesse oveerran the iislandd in 11942. Afterr the war, Singaapore becamme a CCrown Colonny. Thhe groowth oof nattionallism lled too selff-goveernmennt in 1959 and oon 9 AAugustt 19655, Sinngaporre beccame aan inddependdent rrepubllic.Iff therre is one wword tthat bbest ccapturres Siingapoore, iit is “uniqque”. A dynnamic city rich in coontrasst andd coloour, yyoulll findd a haarmoniious bblend of cuulturee, cuiisine, artss and archiitectuure heere. BBrimmiing wiith unn