soft-engineering软件工程复习资料(全)

1、Scope of Software Engineering 1. The aim of software engineering is to produce software that is: A. fault-free B. delivered on time C. delivered within budget D. satisfies users needs E. All of these are the aim of software engineering 2. What is the fundamental reason that software can not be consi

2、dered to be engineered? A. It is designed by humans and therefore flawed. B. Software engineering (as opposed to other forms of engineering, such as Civil) is an art - not a science. C. The discipline is relatively new, say in comparison to bridge building that is an activity that has millennia of p

3、ractice. D. None of these are true. Software Engineering is a Software Engineering is a truly rigorous discipline. E. The complexity of systems and their interaction continues faster than we can understand it. 3. If a new development method is more efficient than the previous one, it still might not

4、 be adopted. A possible reason for this is: A. There is a comparatively large initial cost outlay. B. Due to the significant learning curve associated with the new product/technique, there will be a delay in getting new projects started. C. The new technique may produce code that is more difficult t

5、o maintain than the old. D. Any (or all) of these may be valid reasons for not adopting the new technique. E. None of these are good reasons for not implementing the new and more efficient technique. 4. The software life cycle can be said to consist of a series of phases. The classical model is refe

6、rred to as the waterfall model. Which phase may be defined as The concept is explored and refined, and the clients requirements are elicited A. requirements B. specification C. design D. implementation E. integration 5. The software life cycle can be said to consist of a series of phases. The classi

7、cal model is referred to as the waterfall model. Which phase ends with the software project development plan being drawn up to describe the proposed software development in detail? This outlines WHAT the product is supposed to do. A. requirements B. specification C. design D. implementation E. integ

8、ration 6. The software life cycle can be said to consist of a series of phases. The classical model is referred to as the waterfall model. Which phase consists of two iterations: architectural and detailed? The resulting documents describe HOW the product is supposed to do it. A. requirements B. spe

9、cification C. design D. implementation E. integration 7. The software life cycle can be said to consist of a series of phases. The classical model is referred to as the waterfall model. Which phase may be defined as The various components are coded and tested? A. requirements B. specification C. des

10、ign D. implementation E. integration 8. The software life cycle can be said to consist of a series of phases. The classical model is referred to as the waterfall model. Which phase ends with the when the product is accepted by the client and goes into operations mode? A. requirements B. specificatio

11、n C. design D. implementation E. integration 9. The software life cycle can be said to consist of a series of phases. The classical model is referred to as the waterfall model. Which phase may be defined as The components of the product are combined and tested as a whole? A. requirements B. specific

12、ation C. design D. implementation E. integration 10. Which of the following is not a form of software maintenance? A. corrective B. enhancement C. perfective D. adaptive E. All of these are types of software maintenance. 11. Which form of software maintenance consists of the removal of residualfault

13、s while leaving the SPECIFICATIONS unchanged? A. corrective B. enhancement C. perfective D. adaptive E. preventative 12. Which form of software maintenance consists of changes to the specifications and the implementation of those changes? A. corrective B. enhancement C. perfective D. adaptive E. pre

14、ventative 13. Which form of software maintenance consists of changes to improve the effectiveness of the product such as additional functionality or decreased response time? A. corrective B. enhancement C. perfective D. adaptive E. preventative 14. Which form of software maintenance consists of chan

15、ges in response to changes in the environment in which the product operates, such as new government regulations? A. corrective B. enhancement C. perfective D. adaptive E. preventative 15. Which of the following is a description of corrective software maintenance? Corrective software maintenance cons

16、ists of: A. the removal of residual faults while leaving the specifications unchanged. B. changes to the specifications and the implementation of those changes. C. changes to improve the effectiveness of the product such as additional functionality or decreased response time. D. changes in response

17、to changes in the environment in which the product operates, such as new government regulations. E. the addition of new features to the product. 16. Which of the following is a description of enhancement software maintenance? Enhancement software maintenance consists of: A. the removal of residual f

18、aults while leaving the specifications unchanged. B. changes to the specifications and the implementation of those changes. C. changes to improve the effectiveness of the product such as additional functionality or decreased response time. D. changes in response to changes in the environment in whic

19、h the product operates, such as new government regulations. E. the addition of new features to the product. 17. Which of the following is a description of perfective software maintenance? Perfective software maintenance consists of: A. the removal of residual faults while leaving the specifications

20、unchanged. B. changes to the specifications and the implementation of those changes. C. changes to improve the effectiveness of the product such as additional functionality or decreased response time. D. changes in response to changes in the environment in which the product operates, such as new gov

21、ernment regulations. E. the addition of new features to the product. 18. Which of the following is a description of adaptive software maintenance? Adaptive software maintenance consists of: A. the removal of residual faults while leaving the specifications unchanged. B. changes to the specifications

22、 and the implementation of those changes. C. changes to improve the effectiveness of the product such as additional functionality or decreased response time. D. changes in response to changes in the environment in which the product operates, such as new government regulations. E. the addition of new

23、 features to the product. 19. An increase in say the rate of sales tax (or GST) from 10 to 12.5% would be an example of which form of software maintenance? A. corrective B. enhancement C. perfective D. adaptive E. preventative 20. Changes to a system to account for Year 2000 issues would be an examp

24、le of which form of software maintenance? A. corrective B. enhancement C. perfective D. adaptive E. preventative 21. The analysis of the incidence and cost of fixing faults introduced during different phases of the life cycle suggests that the best course would be to: A. use regression testing techn

25、iques B. introduce 4GLs that speed up the programming so that the cost of fixing faults is less C. involve the users in structured walkthroughs D. adopt rapid prototyping so that the time between the faults being produced and implemented is lessened E. use techniques that yield better specifications

26、 and designs 22. If it takes one person 15 years to write a system, why is it likely to take 15 people much longer than 1 year to write the same system (all other factors being equal)? A. the law of diminishing returns suggests that programmer(s) subsequently introduced to a team will not be as good

27、 as the original member(s) B. it will take the team less time as they will be better able to introduce new tools and techniques during the course of the project to take advantage of the technology. C. due to interfacing problems D. due to communication problems within the team E. due to both interfa

28、cing and communication problems within the team 23. In object-oriented terminology the fact that an object can be considered a conceptually independent entity is known as: A. polymorphism B. inheritance C. overloading D. message passing E. encapsulation 24. Advantages of the object-oriented approach

29、 include: A. information hiding ensures that implementation details are hidden from everything outside the object B. the use of smaller largely independent units reduces the complexity of a software product and hence SIMPLIFIES both development and maintenance. C. reuse is promoted by the fact that

30、objects are independent entities. This reduces the time and cost of both development and maintenance. D. objects enter the life cycle at the very beginning. So the object-oriented approach results in a smoother transition. E. all of these are benefits of the object-oriented approach. 25. In contrast

31、 to the Object-oriented paradigm the transition between the _ and _ phases almost always has a sharp transition. A. requirements and specification B. specification and design C. design and implementation D. implementation and integration E. integration and maintenance 26. Besides code in machine-rea

32、dable form software consists of: A. manuals B. documentation of the specifications and design C. documentation of the project management plan and legal and accounting documents D. all of these. E. none of these. That is, software only consists of code in machine-readable 27. Schach uses the term pro

33、duct to mean a non-trivial piece of software in order to: A. avoid confusion between the terms system and program. B. emphasize that it is the end point of the process of software production. C. emphasize that it is a commodity that can be bought and sold. D. emphasize that like its physical counter

34、parts it deteriorates over time. E. all of these. 28. Which term is used by Schach to denote an incorrect piece of software? A. error B. bug C. fault D. blot E. all of these. Answer1-5 E E D A B6-10 C D E E E11-15 A B B D A 16-20 B C D D A21-25 E E E E B26-28 D B CThe Software Process 1. During whic

35、h phase of the software project management life cycle should testing occur? A. integration B. validation C. implementation D. maintenance E. testing occurs during each phase. 2. Why should each phase be fully documented before the next phase begins? A. The pressures to deliver the product on time ar

36、e such that postponed documentation may never be delivered. B. The individual responsible for an early phase may not be available by the time that the documentation needs to be produced. C. A product is constantly changing during development. Until the changes are documented, modifications will be d

37、ifficult to achieve. D. The question is incorrect. Documentation should be left under the product is finalised and is a specialised subject best left to expert technical writers. E. Postponed documentation may never be delivered, the individual responsible may have left later in the project and the

38、fact that the product is constantly changing are all reasons why each phase should be fully documented before the next phase begins. 3. At which stage of the products life cycle should documentation be produced? A. testing, as it is only here that the technical writers can see what has been built an

39、d document it. B. maintenance, as this is the first phase when it is required in order to fix faults or make enhancements. C. specification, as it is needed to produce test cases for acceptance testing. D. at no stage, the use of modern techniques such as extreme testing obviates the need for any do

40、cumentation E. throughout the project F. documentation phase 4. The individual or organisation who wants a product to be developed is known as the: A. developer B. user C. contractor D. initiator E. client 5. The members of the organisation responsible for building that product are known as the: A.

41、developers B. users C. contractors D. initiators E. clients 6. One method of getting around the problem of the developers and clients visualising a piece of software and its functionality is to build a rapid prototype. What may be omitted from the prototype? A. its user interface B. requirements det

42、ails C. functionality D. any of these may be omitted from the prototype E. file updating or error handling 7. The name of the organisation responsible for ensuring that the product delivered is what the client ordered is the: A. development team B. test team C. documentation department D. end-user g

43、roup E. software quality assurance group 8. Which of the following items should not be included in the software project management plan? A. the techniques and case tools to be used B. detailed schedules, budgets and resource allocations C. the life cycle model to be used D. the organisational struct

44、ure of the development organisation, project responsibilities, managerial objectives and priorities E. all of these aspects should be included 9. If a specification statement is to be testable then it one of the properties it must have is: A. tenacity B. probity C. longevity D. verifiability E. trac

45、eability 10. A fault to look for during testing of the products design is: A. logic fault B. interface fault C. lack of exception handling D. non-conformance to specifications E. all of theses are examples of faults to look for during testing of the products design. 11. Why is it necessary to carry

46、out acceptance testing? A. The test group may not be competent enough. B. To receive the final payment for the completed product. C. Over 50% of the faults are found at the acceptance test phase. D. It is not until this stage of the testing that the system as a whole (hardware and software) is exerc

47、ised. E. The users may use a combination of functions and data that are not anticipated by the developers. 12. The final form of testing COTS software is _ testing. A. unit B. integration C. alpha D. module E. beta 13. More time and money is spent in the _ phase than any other phase. A. requirements

48、 B. specification C. implementation D. integration E. maintenance 14. In the maintenance phase the product must be tested against previous test cases. This is known as _ testing. A. unit B. integration C. regression D. module E. beta 15. According to Brooks No Silver Bullet 1986, which aspect of sof

49、tware production is inherently difficult? A. complexity B. conformity C. changeability D. invisibility E. all of these 16. A major problem with the essence of software is that it is invisible and unvisual (Brooks, 1986). Visualisations such as flowcharts and data flow diagrams are extremely useful a

50、nd powerful ways of visualising certain aspects of the product. What is the problem with the use of such diagrams?A. There is no standard agreed notation for each of the diagrams. B. Programming is an art and not an engineering science. Thus only an abstract diagram can capture the models semantics

51、and such diagrams are subject to personal interpretation. C. Software is three-dimensional and only a few specialised systems can depict three-dimensional diagrams. D. Visualisations are not an effective means of communicating with clients and other software engineers. E. Such diagrams cannot embody

52、 every aspect of the product, nor is there a way of determining what is missing from any one visual representation of the product. 17. According to Brooks (1986) which approach is capable of achieving an order of magnitude improvement in software development productivity? A. rapid prototyping B. inc

53、remental development C. training and encouraging great designers D. the use of off-the-shelf products wherever possible E. all of these approaches are capable of achieving an order of magnitude improvement in software development productivity. Software Life-Cycle Models 1. Which of the following is

54、not a software life-cycle model? A. build-and-fix B. waterfall C. rapid prototyping D. incremental E. synchronize and stabilize F. spiral G. fountain H. all are software life-cycle models 2. Which of the following is not a software life-cycle model? A. spiral B. waterfall C. rapid prototyping D. inc

55、remental E. jacuzzi 3. In which of the following circumstances might the build-and-fix software life-cycle model be an appropriate one to use? A. large-scale, in-house products with heavy user-involvement in the design stage B. for products utilising an open architecture and complex user-interface C

56、. real time systems D. object-oriented systems E. short programs that will not need maintenance 4. In which of the following circumstances might the spiral software life-cycle model be an appropriate one to use? A. large-scale, in-house products B. for products utilising an open architecture and com

57、plex user-interface C. real time systems D. object-oriented systems E. short programs that will not need maintenance 5. In which of the following circumstances might the rapid prototyping software life-cycle model be an appropriate one to use? A. large-scale, in-house products B. for products with c

58、omplex user-interface where it is important to meet a particular clients needs C. real time systems D. object-oriented systems E. short programs that will not need maintenance 6. In which of the following circumstances might the waterfall software life-cycle model be an appropriate one to use? A. la

59、rge-scale, in-house products B. for products utilising an open architecture and complex user-interface C. real time systems D. object-oriented systems E. large document-driven projects requiring a disciplined approach 7. What is a drawback of the synchronise-and-stabilise software life-cycle model?

60、A. it is totally unsatisfactory for nontrivial programs. B. it can only be used for large-scale, in-house products. C. the developers have to be competent in risk analysis and risk resolution. D. it is only suitable for object-oriented systems developed in ADA for the Defence industry. E. it has not