高中英语句子成分和练习市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件

1、一、句子成份（一）句子成份定义：组成句子各个部分叫做句子成份。句子成份有主要成份和次要成份；主要成份有主语和谓语；次要成份有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。第1页二）主语：主语 (Subject)1. 主语:是一个句子主干部分之一,主语表明是“什么人” ， “ 什么事”. 主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化形容词和主语从句等7种表示。比如：第2页1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class.

2、 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. （名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化形容词）第3页7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign

3、 language.（主语从句）（it作形式主语，真正主语为后面不定式）第4页（三）谓语 谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做动作或含有特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，普通放在主语之后。谓语组成以下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语组成。如： He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten oclock.第5页（三）谓语 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词加动词原形组成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. （2）由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词组成。如： Do you

4、 speak English？ They are working in a field. He has caught a bad cold. （3）由系动词加表语组成。如： We are students.注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。第6页（四）表语 表语(Predicative)用以说明主语性质、特征、状态与身份，它普通位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语普通由名词、代词、形容词、数词、 副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句等10种情况表示。比如： 第7页1.Our English teacher

5、is an American.（名词）2.Is it yours?（代词）3.The weather has turned cold.（形容词）4.The speech is exciting.（分词）5.Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）第8页6.His job is to teach English.（不定式）7.His hobby is playing football.（动名词）8.The meeting is of great importance.（介词短语）9.Time is up. The class is over.（副词）10.The

6、truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）第9页注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语状态，性质特征和身份等。1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，比如： He is a teacher. 2）连续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一个情况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, 比如：He always kept silent at meeting.3）表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 比如：He seems (to be)

7、very sad.第10页注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语状态，性质特征和身份等。4）感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, look 比如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 5）改变系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come.比如：Our country is becoming richer and richer. 6）结果是;证实是 prove, turn out, 比如：The rumor proved false.

8、His plan turned out a success.第11页（五）宾语 宾语（Object）表示动作对象或承爱者，普通位于及物动词和介词后面。比如： 1.He is doing his homework.2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（名词）（代词、动名词）（名词、数词）第12页4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.5.He pret

9、ended not to see me.6.I enjoy listening to popular music.7.I think（that）he is fit for his office.（名词化形容词，名词）（不定式短语）（动名词短语）（宾语从句）第13页宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），比如：Lend me your dictionary, please.To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等，比如： He sent the novel to Wil

10、liam yesterday.For: make, buy, sing,cook等，比如： She bought a gift for her mother.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），比如：They elected him their monitor.第14页（六）宾语补足语 宾语补足语（Object Complement），用于补充说明宾语动作，普通位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起组成复合宾语。需接复合宾语动词有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补”普通可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语充当。比如：第15页1.

11、His father named him Xiaoming.2.They painted their boat white.3.Let the fresh air in.4.You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.5.We saw her entering the room.6.We found everything in the lab in good order.（名词）（形容词）（副词）（不定式短语）（现在分词）（介词短语）第16页（七）定语 修饰名词或代词词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。定语可由以下等成份表示：1.Gui

12、lin is a beautiful city.（形容词）2.China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） 3.There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名词）4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）第17页5.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）6.The teaching plan for next

13、 term has been worked out.（动名词）7.He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）8.She is the girl who sings best in my class. (定语从句)第18页（八）状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征句子成份，叫做状语（Adverbial）。可由以下形式表示 ：1.Light travels most quickly.2.He has lived in the city for ten years. 3.He is proud to ha

14、ve passed the national college entrance examination.（副词及副词性词组）（介词短语）（不定式短语）第19页4.He sat in the room, making a model plane.5.Once you begin, you must continue.（分词短语）（状语从句）第20页9种状语种类以下： 1. How about meeting again at six?2.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.3.I shall go ther

15、e if it doesnt rain. 4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor. 5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（时间状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（地点状语）（方式状语）第21页 She came in with a dictionary in her hand.6.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 7.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 8.S

16、he works very hard though she is old.9.I am taller than he is.（伴随状语）（目状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）（比较状语）第22页 （九）同位语（Appositive）对前面名词或代词做深入解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任，如：This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.（十）插入语（Parenthesis）对一句话做一些附加解释，通常有to be honest , I think (suppose, believe-)等，如：To be frank, I dont quite agree with you

17、.第23页一、指出以下句子划线部分是什么句子成份：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Be

18、ijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.第24页9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To

19、 be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.第25页19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.一、1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语

20、，状语；8、谓语，主语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13、形式宾语，真正宾语；14、宾语、定语；15、插入语，状语；16、宾语(间宾+直宾)；17、状语，状语；18、形式主语，表语，宾补；19、宾补；20、表语第26页 句子成份练习题( 二 ) 指出以下句子中划线部分句子成份：1.Whether well go depend on the weather .2. Peoples standards of living are going up steadily .3. That was how they were defeated.4.The nursery ta

21、kes good care of our children .5.Ill return the book to you tomorrow .6.We are sure that we shall succeed .7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other .8.There are many films that Id like to see.第27页 9.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ? 10.I have a lot of work to do . 11.Anywa

22、y I wont stop you from doing it . 12. She was the first to learn about it. 13.How many new words did you learn last class? 14.Seeing this ,some comrades became very worried . 15.Much interested , he agreed to give it a try . 16. The old man was feeling very tired 17.We should serve the people heart

23、and soul.第28页18. You will find it useful after you leave school.19.Spring coming on , the tree turned green. 20.Some farmers saw something strange in the sky 21.We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting .22.Its strange that she doesnt come today .23.It was in the library that I f

24、ound him today .24.He likes drawing at times when he isnt working .25.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. 第29页答案 1.主语从句 2谓语 3表语从句 4宾语 5.间宾 6.宾语从句 7.定语 8.定语从句 9.定语 10.定语 11.状语 12.定语 13.宾语 14.状语 15.状语 16.表语 17.状语 18.宾补 19.状语 20.定语 21.宾语从句 22.主语从句 23.状语 24.状语 25.状语第30页四、选择填空：( )1.

25、_ will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the man B. The man here nowC. The man who is here now D. The man is here now( ) 2. The weather _.A. wet and cold B. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold( ) 3. The apple tasted _.A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet第31页( ) 4. He got up _ yest

26、erday morning.A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter( )5. The actor _at the age of 70.A. dead B. died C. dyed D. dying( )6. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we第32页( )7. He found the street much _.A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly( ) 8.I think _necessary to learn English well.A. its B. it C. that D. that is第33页( ) 9. The dog _ mad.A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked( )10.I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.A. that B. when C. in which D. where第34页一 分析以下句子成份 1. Our school is not far from