生物柴油发电市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件

1、Biodiesel Technology and Development生物柴油技术和发展 Chen Fang / 陈 放School of Life Sciences，SCU / 四川大学生命科学学院Institute of Bio-energy, SCU / 四川大学生物能源研究所第1页I. Introduction /介绍Biodiesel/生物柴油 Biodiesel is a domestic, renewable fuel for diesel engines derived from natural oils like soybean oil, and which meets t

2、he specifications of ASTM D 6751. 生物柴油是指能够本国生产、可再生，从天然油脂如大豆油生产出能够用于柴油引擎燃油，而且满足ATMD6751标准。第2页Petroleum/energy plant石油/能源植物Containing biodiesel components/ or precursors.含有生物柴油成份或可经转化成为柴油成份植物 Biomass (mainly forest) /year is as 20-27 times as the exploitation quantity of petroleum. 地球上每年生物质（主要是森林）产量可为

3、石油开采量2027倍。第3页The ways to obtain biodiesel生物柴油生产原理Shaken/乳化Alcohols + fresh or used oil/fat transesterification reaction转酯化反应Chemical catalysts/化学催化剂Enzymatic conversation (lipase)/生物酶法第4页The benefits of biodiesel生物柴油优点ConvenientNo engine rebuildingRenewable and sustainableLocal available and econom

4、y promoting Environment friendlyCO2 fixation and low pollution gas emission(only 1/4 of common diesel, meeting the European standard III)便利，不需要现有设备改造可再生和可连续性发展可当地/国生产，对当地经济含有促进作用环境友好, CO2 固定和低污染排放,到达欧洲三号标准第5页II. Present status of bio-diesel 生物柴油现实状况 Feedstock / 原料植物研究 Current producing situation /生物

5、柴油生产现实状况第6页1. Feedstock / 原料 The cost of biodiesel comes from the feedstock cost .生物柴油成本3/4是原料成本。第7页1970s Dr. Melvin-Kelvin, a Noble Prizewinner, 1st research on the energy plant1978 International Energy Sources Academy (IEA) initiated the international cooperation research on energy plants, 1986 US

6、A began to plant petroleum plant garden firstly Subsequently, Britain, France, German, Japan and Brazil started the research and application.1970s 诺贝尔奖取得者Melvin-Kelvin博士开始能源植物研究国际能源署开始能源植物国际间合作研究美国开始种植能源植物林随即，英国、法国、德国、日本和巴西陆续开始了相关研究和应用Energy plant research 能源植物研究第8页The species of energy plants 能源植物种

7、类There are many plants can be used as green energy sources. Most of them come fromEuphorbia LeguminousCruciferae Composite They contain natural fuel ingredients. 有许多植物可提供绿色能源，其中大部分来自：大戟科 豆科十字花科 菊科它们都含有优质能源成份。第9页“biodiesel plant”/ “生物柴油植物”Jatropha 麻疯树palm油棕Soybean 大豆Rape 油菜第10页Cotton seeds/棉籽第11页Sun

8、flower seeds/油葵第12页Abundant diesel plant source in China中国有丰富生物柴油资源 There are 400 kinds of woody oil trees in all, thereinto oil content of more than 200 kinds range from 15% to 60%，otherwise oil content of more than 50 kinds range from 50% to 60%. At present only about 10 kinds had been utilized, t

9、here are plentiful wild resources which await to be discovered and farther exploited yet。木本油料树种有400各种，含油量在1560%有200各种，含油量在5060%有50各种，当前开发利用仅10各种，还有大量野生资源有待发掘和深入开发利用。第13页Modification of energy plants能源植物改良The aimsHigh yieldGood qualityLow input （tolerant to stress)Classical breedingMolecular breeding

10、目标高产优质低投入（抗逆性强）常规育种分子育种第14页The research on the oil components regulation mechanism 燃油成份调控机制研究Michigan State UniversityWashington UniversityBritain John Innes InstituteYork UniversityGermany Hamburg University fatty acid and oil metabolism pathway and key genes through the methods of DNA micro-array,

11、 protein bidirectional electrophoresis and metabolizomics, and brought forward the concept of the Lipidomics. 经过DNA微列阵、双向电泳和代谢组学等方法研究脂肪酸和油脂代谢路径和关键基因，提出了脂肪组学概念。第15页 American scientists had induced Cuphea Viscosissima Mutant vs320 via mutation technology and bio-engineering means. Their short chain fa

12、tty acid content had increased hugely. Lipid of mutant plant could be in place of petrochemical diesel fuel directly, without conversion 。利用突变体技术和基因工程伎俩，美国科学家诱导出胶粘萼距花（Cuphea Viscosissima）突变体vs320，其短链脂肪酸含量大大提升，突变体植株油脂能够不经转化直接取代石化柴油。第16页 In Europe, canola variety has been the primary stuff that could

13、be used to produce biodiesel fuel, and which involved in erucic acid less than 2% ，fatty acid over 90%，sulfur content（thioglycoside less than 20mol/g）. 欧洲用于生物柴油生产主要原料为双低油菜，其介酸小于2%，十八碳脂肪酸超出90%，硫含量低（硫苷小于20mol/g）。第17页Technology Chemical catalyze methodEquipments：similar to common oil equipmentsProcedur

14、es: alcohols , acid/basic catalyst, high temperature (230250) 技术化学催化法设备：类常规制油设备工艺 ：甲/乙醇、酸/碱催化剂、高温（ 230250）2.Current production situation 生物柴油生产现实状况第18页NationMaterialBiodiesel fuel proportionUsing statusAmericasoybeanB10-B20To be using popularlyGermanyRape seed、bean oil、tallowB5-B20,B100To be using w

15、idelyBrazilCastor oilTo be in running test AustriaRape seed、deposed greaseB100To be using widelyAustraliatallowB100To be researched and popularizedFranceAll kinds of plant oilB5-B30To be researched and popularizedItalyAll kinds of plant oilB20-B100To be using widelySwedenAll kinds of plant oilB2-B10

16、0To be using widelyBelgiumAll kinds of plant oilB5-B20To be using widelyArgentinasoybeanB20To be using popularlyBulgariasunflower、soybeanB100To be using popularlyMalaysiaPalm oilTo be using popularlyKoreaRice bran、reclaimed cooking oil and bean oilB5-B20To be using popularlyCanadaTung oil、tallowB2-B

17、100To be using popularlyThe world biodiesel status(I)第19页生物柴油在世界各国应用情况ChinaGermanUSABrazilSpanIrelandHungaryDenmarkBelgiumAustriaItalyFranceJapanThe world biodiesel status(II)第20页 USA /美国 “America is addicted to oil, which is often imported from unstable parts of the world. The best way to break thi

18、s addiction is through technology. Well also fund additional research in cutting-edge methods of producing ethanol, not just from corn, but from wood chips and stalks, or switch grass. Our goal is to make this new kind of ethanol practical and competitive within six years.” “美国能源依赖于从世界不稳定地域进口原油，摆脱这种

19、依赖最有效路径是技术改革。我们将资助那些不但是从玉米，甚至从木材碎片、植物茎、枝叶中，使用新方法生产乙醇研究。我们目标是在未来六年内研究出一个实用而且有竞争力新型乙醇。”Bush总统关注生物燃油发展USA is the earliest country paying attention to biodiesel美国是最早硕士物柴油国家。第21页 There are at least 4 biodiesel manufactures (Interchem Environment、AgEnvirmental Products、Twin Rivers Technology(TRT)、NOPOC Co

20、rp.). The total output arrives 300 kt/a.Midwest10kt/aChicago30kt/aQuincy 100kt/athe other places 16k t/a 当前已经有4家生产厂(Interchem Environment、AgEnvirmental Products、Twin Rivers Technology(TRT)、NOPOC Corp.)生产，总生产能力30万t/a；在中西部（Midwest）有1万t/a装置；芝加哥（Chicago）3万t/a；在麻省Quincy 10 万t/a；其它地方产量为1.6万 t/a。 第22页Germa

21、ny/德国At least 8 biodiesel manufactures have been established in Germany. In the biodiesel output arrived 1 million tons and there are 1700 biodiesel service stations. Biodiesel standard DINV51606No biodiesel taxDusseldorf 60kt/a Leer 80kt/aPlausen 2k t/aKiel 10kt/a，Barby50kt/a，Thuringin2k t/a 德国当前已拥

22、有8个生产生物柴油工厂，在杜塞尔多夫（Dusseldorf）和Leer建立生物柴油工业化企业（Dusseldorf 6万t/a, Leer 8万t/a），在普劳恩（Plausen）有一个小型厂（ t/a）。在1998年投产生物柴油厂有3个基尔（Kiel）1万t/a，巴比（Barby）5万t/a，菲林根（Thuringin） t/a。德国生物柴油产量达100万t，拥有1700多个生物柴油加油站，而且制订了生物柴油标准DINV51606，对生物柴油不收税 第23页5万吨德国第24页France /法国There are at least 7 biodiesel manufactures:Compi

23、egne 40kt/a Boussens 70kt/aPeronne 10kt/a Verdun 40kt/aNogent-surSeine 120kt/a The CIRAD has demonstrated that biodiesel could be used in common diesel engine across a 10million meters run experiment. The standard is to add 5% biodiesel into fossil diesel. The biodiesel tax rate is zero. 法国当前已拥有7个生产生物柴油企业，贡比涅4万t/a Boussens 7万t/aPeronne 1万t/a 凡尔登（Verdun）4万t/aNogent-surSeine