ESAP心理学英语教程-电子教案Unit08-

1、ESAP心理学英语教程-电子教案Unit08-ESAP心理学英语教程-电子教案Unit08-Skills focusReading understanding dependent clauses with passivesWriting paraphrasing expanding notes into complex sentences recognizing different essay types/structures: descriptive analytical comparison/evaluation argument writing essay plans writing e

2、ssaysVocabulary focus synonyms nouns from verbs definitions common direction verbs in essay titles (discuss, analyze, evaluate, etc.)Skills focusVocabulary focus8.1 Vocabulary8.2 Reading8.3 Extending skills8.4 Extending skills8.1 Vocabulary8.2 Reading8.3 EA Discuss the following questions.1 What doe

3、s the word insanity mean to you? Insanity is a term for serious mental illness. It is often associated with impetuous behaviour and irrational decisions and linked with violence.8.1 Vocabulary2 Which words in box a are correct psychological terms and which words are colloquial? What do they mean? Ps

4、ychological terms: autistic, psychotic Colloquial terms: crazy, deranged, insane, lunatic, retarded, madA Discuss the following questA Discuss the following questions.8.1 VocabularyTermsMeaningsautisticpsychoticcrazy & madderangedinsanelunaticretardedaffected by a mental disorder which inhibits soci

5、al interaction, communication and emotional development.affected by a mental illness which is characterized by delusions, hallucinations and losing touch with reality.colloquial, or slang, terms meaning mentally unbalanced. Crazy is the colloquial word for insane in US English, but it is used worldw

6、ide. In UK English, mad is the colloquial word for insane, but in US English, mad means angry.insaneaffected by a mental illness. Insane is used in general conversation, but is not a technical term for psychological diagnosis.a person afflicted by mental illness. Historically, people with mental dis

7、orders were thought to be affected by the phases of the moon (luna means moon in Latin).used as a derogatory term for people with learning difficulties or brain damage.A Discuss the following questB What stereotypes are depicted in headlines A-D on the textbook page opposite?8.1 VocabularyB What ste

8、reotypes are depictB What stereotypes are depicted in headlines A-D on the textbook page opposite?8.1 VocabularyThe stereotype is of people with mental illness committing violent crimes. The headline evokes images of a crowd of savages attacking defenceless children. Insanity is popularly linked wit

9、h arson, and research has shown that it is the crime most frequently committed by psychiatric patients. The word crazies is a colloquial noun, formed from the adjective crazy and then made plural.B What stereotypes are depictB What stereotypes are depicted in headlines A-D on the textbook page oppos

10、ite?8.1 VocabularyThe stereotype of a schizophreniccommitting murder, particularly his/her mother. The knife is popular in films as the preferred weapon of an insane person. The film Psycho is an example of the confusion between schizophrenia and dissociative identity disorder and psychotic episodes

11、. Psycho (adj and n) is a colloquial word for insane or a person who is mentally ill.B What stereotypes are depictB What stereotypes are depicted in headlines A-D on the textbook page opposite?8.1 VocabularyThe autistic genius stereotype comes from the factual relationship between autism and excepti

12、onal talent (savant syndrome). 10% of people with autism possess an unusual ability in art, music or mathematics. This stereotype is combined with the image of the antisocial personality committing intellectually complex crimes. In 2001, Gary MacKinnon, a Scottish computer enthusiast with a form of

13、autism, hacked into confidential US Pentagon files.B What stereotypes are depictB What stereotypes are depicted in headlines A-D on the textbook page opposite?8.1 VocabularyThe depressed adolescent has been a popular stereotype throughout history. The link between depression and suicide is, however,

14、 factual. Since the advent of the Internet and social networking sites, for example, teenagers have taken part in online suicide pacts.B What stereotypes are depictC Look up each noun in box b in a dictionary.1 Is it countable, uncountable or both?2 What is its psychological meaning?3 What is a good

15、 synonym?4 What useful grammatical information can you find?8.1 VocabularyC Look up each noun in box b iC Look up each noun in box b in a dictionary.8.1 VocabularyWord C/UMeaning in psychologySynonym Useful grammatical informationabuse delusion dissociation C/UU1. excessive or incorrect use of a sub

16、stance 2. physical or mental harm1. a false belief or opinion about yourself or your situation2. the act of believing or making yourself believe something that isnt true.distancing self from disturbing events1. misuse, mishandling2. injure, mistreat, damage, hurtfantasy, illusion, hallucinationusual

17、 use is in phrase: drug abuse, alcohol abuse. Usually meaning to take in excess and/or without medical guidance. Can be found as countable in fixed expressions. v = to abuseC/Udetachment, separationC Look up each noun in box b iC Look up each noun in box b in a dictionary.8.1 VocabularyWord C/UMeani

18、ng in psychologySynonym Useful grammatical informationepisodefrenzy imbalance moodCCC/UC/Ua period when the symptoms of a disorder appearstate of uncontrolled mental excitation1. excess or deficit of a chemical element2. disproportionate behaviouran emotional stateevent, incident, occurrenceoutburst

19、, hysteria, derangement1. disparity, discrepancy2. derangement, insanitydisposition, frame of mind, mindsetusual use is in set phrases: manic episode, depressive episodeusually used in the singularC Look up each noun in box b iC Look up each noun in box b in a dictionary.8.1 VocabularyWord C/UMeanin

20、g in psychologySynonym Useful grammatical informationpactpsychosissuicide syndromeCC/UC/Uan agreement to do something togetherinability to differentiate between imagination and reality; a symptom of mental illnessact of killing yourselfa group of symptoms that indicate a specific disorderarrangement

21、, promisederangement, mental disturbancetake your own lifecondition, illness, diseaseused in the phrase: suicide pactv = to commit suicideC/Uused in the phrase: Downs syndrome, Aspergers syndromeused in the set phrase: psychotic episodeusually used in the singularC Look up each noun in box b i1 Matc

22、h the verbs with similar meanings.2 Make nouns from the verbs if possible.D Study the two lists of verbs in box c.8.1 Vocabulary1 Match the verbs with similaD Study the two lists of verbs in box c.8.1 VocabularyVerbNounVerbNouncharacterizeexpelexploitlinklose touch withmanifestperpetuatepropagatevar

23、ydefineeliminatetake advantage ofconnectbe detached fromdisplaycontinuespreaddifferdefinitionelimination_connectiondetachmentdisplaycontinuationspreaddifferencecharacteristicexpulsionexploitationlink_manifestationperpetuationpropagationvariety, variationD Study the two lists of verbHow does the writ

24、er restate each section heading within the paragraph? Model answers: A: Sensationalism in the press = melodramatic headlines in the newspaper B: Mental health and violence = people who suffer from mental disorders are violentE Look at the Hadford University handout.8.1 VocabularyHow does the writer

25、restate ea2 Find synonyms for the italicized words and phrases. Use a dictionary if necessary.E Look at the Hadford University handout.8.1 VocabularyItalicized words/phrasessynonymsItalicized words/phrasessynonymsMelodramaticmisconceptionsimproveofWith this in mindpopularexploitsviolentprimitiveinti

26、midatingsuch ascharacterizeslinkingacutemental illnessepisodesperpetuateSensationalincreaseTaking this into accounttakes advantage ofbasiclikeassociatingpsychiatric disorderspromotemistaken beliefsaboutcommonaggressivehostiletypifiessevereincidents2 Find synonyms for the ital3 Rewrite each sentence

27、to make paraphrases of the texts. Use:synonyms you have found yourselfsynonyms from Exercise Cthe nouns you made in Exercise Dpassives where possibleany other words that are necessary Example: Melodramatic headlines in the press can affect sales considerably. Newspapers sell far more when they have

28、sensational headlines. E Look at the Hadford University handout.8.1 Vocabulary3 Rewrite each sentence to m3 Rewrite each sentence to make paraphrases of the texts. E Look at the Hadford University handout.8.1 VocabularyA Sensationalism in the press Newspaper sales are enhanced by dramatic headlines.

29、 To appeal to the publics basic instincts, the press presents people afflicted with mental disorders as hostile and aggressive. The media does this both by misusing psychological terminology and by directly associating violence and psychiatric disturbance. This results in the continuation of negativ

30、e stereotypes of mental illness. B Mental health and violence Although mental disorders and violent behaviour are often associated in the popular imagination, there is no scientific proof to support this. In fact, studies indicate that aggression is only typical of a minority of psychiatric patients

31、 in moments of severe psychosis.Possible paraphrases:3 Rewrite each sentence to mLook up the definitions of the types of crime represented in the chart.F Study the chart on the page opposite.8.1 VocabularyLook up the definitions of theLook up the definitions of the types of crime represented in the

32、chart.F Study the chart on the page opposite.8.1 VocabularyTypes of crimedefinitionsCommon assaultArsonThreats and harassmentAssaulting a police officerSexual offencesRobberiesintentionally attacking and physically harming a persondeliberately setting fire to a buildingto threaten is to frighten peo

33、ple by telling them that they, or anyone associated with them, are going to be harmed; to harass is to bully or intimidate people by insulting them or making them afraid of what might happen to themthe same as common assault, but is a different category of crime because the police represent law and

34、orderacts which force individuals, including children, into unacceptable intimate contactstealing, theft, burglaryLook up the definitions of the What crime is most commonly committed by people with mental disorders? Why do you think this is?Possible answer:Arson is the crime most commonly committed

35、by psychiatric patients. The reason is not fully understood, but research has shown that firesetters are typically male with personality disorders and occasionally mental retardation. The reasons given for starting fires deliberately often include anger and revenge.F Study the chart on the page oppo

36、site.8.1 Vocabulary What crime is most commonly cA Link the causes of mental illness in this list with the items in box a:a chemical imbalance in the brain _b traumatic experience _c poverty _d genetics _e abuse in childhood _f drug abuse _ 8.2 Readingschizophrenia, depressiondissociative identity d

37、isorder, phobiasanxiety, hysteriaschizophrenia, depressionschizophreniadissociative identity disorderA Link the causes of mental i 1 Which are stereotypically associated with violence? Schizophrenia and dissociative identity disorder are popularly associated with violence. 2 Give an example of a com

38、mon belief related to mental illness. Examples of common beliefs: Schizophrenia and dissociative identity disorder are both characterized by split personality. All schizophrenics are violent. Hysteria is exclusive to middle-aged women. A Link the causes of mental illness in this list with the items

39、in box a:8.2 Reading 1 Which are stereotypica 1 What should the writer do in each type?B Look at the five essay types on the right.8.2 ReadingWhat the writer should doDescriptive writingAnalyticalwritingComparisondescribe or summarize key ideas/events/points. Give the plain facts. Could involve writ

40、ing about: a narrative description (a history of something); a process (how something happens); key ideas in a theory; main points of an article (answers the question what is/are ? )try to analyze (=go behind the plain facts) or explain something or give reasons for a situation; may also question ac

41、cepted ideas and assumptions (answers the question why/how ?)compare two or more aspects/ideas/things/people, etc.; usually also evaluate, i.e., say which is better/bigger, etc. 1 What should the writer 1 What should the writer do in each type?B Look at the five essay types on the right.8.2 ReadingW

42、hat the writer should doArgument writingPractical reportgive an opinion and support the opinion with evidence/reasons, etc.; may also give opposing opinions (counter-arguments) and show how they are wrongoutline background of experiment (previous experiments/literature); give reasons for conducting

43、experiment; state hypothesis; describe the design, materials and methodology; report results; discuss results (e.g., identify problems with design, materials, methodology); evaluate results of experiment (in relation to hypothesis); recommend future research 1 What should the writer 2 Match each ess

44、ay type with one of the questions below the slide (A-E). 3 What topics should be covered in each essay question?B Look at the five essay types on the right.8.2 ReadingSee Vocabulary bank. 2 Match each essay type withB Look at the five essay types on the right.8.2 ReadingType of writingQuestionTopics

45、Descriptive writingAnalytical writingComparisonBCE stereotype: definition four stereotypes: e.g., violent, unpredictable, criminal, deluded symptoms of mental illnesses: examples how stereotypes linked to symptoms: examples images of mentally ill: dangerous, homeless, criminal, embarrassing irrespon

46、sible reporting, exaggerated link between crime, violence and mental imbalance: examples use of graphics, fonts, colours in press: examples from headlines use of terminology to misrepresent mental illness: examples schizophrenia: definition dissociative identity disorder: definition examples of simi

47、larities: - symptoms: delusions, unpredictability examples of differences: - causes: genetic, physiological/trauma - disorganization/coherence - treatmentB Look at the five essay typeB Look at the five essay types on the right.8.2 ReadingType of writingQuestionTopicsArgument writingPractical reportA

48、D violent crimes: often linked to mental illness thesis statement: mental illness is/is not linked to crime mental disorders associated with crime: examples disorders not associated with crime: statistics background: social pressure to conform reasons for experiments: investigate effect of social pr

49、essures on individuals hypothesis: individual attitudes affected by the majority describe experiments and result relate to effect of mass media on individual thinking strengths and weaknesses of experiments in relation to media influence conclusion: conformity promoted by mass media to some degreeB

50、Look at the five essay typeSpecial verbs called direction verbs are used in essay titles. Each direction verb indicates a type of essay. You must understand the meaning of these words so you can choose the correct writing plan.Understanding direction verbs in essay titlesVocabulary bankKind of essay

51、Direction verbsDescriptiveState Say Outline Describe Summarize What is/are?AnalyticalAnalyze Explain Comment on Examine Give reasons for Why? How ?Comparison/evaluationCompare (and contrast) Distinguish between Evaluate What are the advantages and/or disadvantages of ?ArgumentDiscuss Consider (Criti

52、cally) evaluate To what extent ?How far ?Practical reportsOutline Explain State Describe . Summarize Discuss Special verbs called direction8.2 ReadingC Read the title of the text on the opposite page and the first sentence of each paragraph.What will the text be about? The title of the text suggests

53、 that the text will discuss common approaches to mental illness. The expression You must be crazy, is an example of the way language related to mental illness is used colloquially. The title implies that misuse of language supports popular misunderstandings about psychiatric disorders. Para. 1 will

54、outline the historical and cultural background of attitudes to mental illness. Para. 2 will describe the misconception that mental illness is not real. Para. 3 will discuss the myth that mental disorders are linked to violent crime. Para. 4 will consider the stereotype of those with a mental illness

55、 being out of touch with reality. Para. 5 will describe and discuss schizophrenia. Para. 6 will ask how myths are perpetuated in society. Para. 7 will give examples of films that misrepresent psychiatric disorders. Para. 8 will give examples of how the press promotes negative stereotypes of mental d

56、isorders. Para. 9 will conclude that mental illness remains misunderstood, in spite of psychiatric advances.8.2 ReadingC Read the title o 2 Choose one of the essay questions in Exercise B. Write four research questions which will help you to find information for your essay.C Read the title of the te

57、xt on the opposite page and the first sentence of each paragraph.8.2 Reading 2 Choose one of the essa8.2 ReadingD Read the text. Using your own words, make notes from the text on information for your essay question.Work with another person who has chosen the same essay question as you. Compare your

58、notes.8.2 ReadingD Read the text. 8.2 ReadingD Read the text. A Violent crimes are often committed by those who are mentally ill. To what extent do you agree with this statement? Give examples to support your mon misconception = mentally ill individuals aggressive and intimidatingfact = violence occ

59、asionally caused by psychiatric patients: e.g., psychiatric patients + acute, psychotic events: e.g., = schizophreniabut research Pescosolido (ref. 1 in reading text) alcohol and drug abuse principal causes of violent crimemental illnesses not common cause: e.g., depression, phobia, anxietyPossible

60、notes:8.2 ReadingD Read the text. 8.2 ReadingD Read the text. B Describe four stereotypes of mental illness. How do they relate to the symptoms of real illnesses? 1 mental illness not real causes not physiological; e.g., symptoms of clinical depression similar to normal reaction to lifes problems cl