微观经济学(帕金11版)课后习题解答：chapter 17 Externalities and the Environment

1、Microeconomics, 11e (Parkin) Chapter 17 Externalities and the Environment1 Negative Externalities: Pollution1) Air pollution caused by leadA) has never been a pollution problem.B) is currently a major pollution problem.C) has mostly been eliminated as a pollution problem.D) is the number one source

2、of pollution today.Answer: CTopic: Sources of Environmental ProblemsSkill: DefinitionStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills2) A private cost is a cost of production that isA) borne by the producer of a good.B) measured in marginal terms.C) borne by someone other than the producer of a good.D) measured

3、in total terms.Answer: ATopic: Marginal Private CostSkill: DefinitionStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills3) A private cost is a cost of production that is borne by theA) consumer of the good.B) producer of the good.C) government.D) consumer of the good and the government.Answer: BTopic: Marginal Priv

4、ate CostSkill: DefinitionStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills4) The cost of producing one more unit of a good or service that is paid by the producerA) has to be equal to the benefit that the consumer derives from that good.B) is equal to the cost borne by people other than the producer.C) is the mar

5、ginal private cost.D) is the marginal external cost.Answer: CTopic: Marginal Private CostSkill: DefinitionStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills5) The cost of producing an additional unit of a good or service that is borne by the producer of that good or service is theA) marginal external cost.B) margi

6、nal private cost.C) marginal social cost.D) None of the above answers is correct.Answer: BTopic: Marginal Private CostSkill: DefinitionStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills6) Suppose a firm produces pollution when it generates electricity. The cost of the pollution is called theA) marginal cost.B) mar

7、ginal private cost.C) marginal external cost.D) marginal social cost.Answer: CTopic: Marginal External CostSkill: DefinitionStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills7) Which of the following is an example of an external cost?A) taxesB) the price of a car washC) pollutionD) an electricity billAnswer: CTopi

8、c: Marginal External CostSkill: ConceptualStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills8) If an external cost exists, who bears it in an unregulated, competitive market transaction?A) nobodyB) the federal governmentC) someone other than the producersD) the buyers of the productAnswer: CTopic: Marginal Externa

9、l CostSkill: ConceptualStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills9) The cost of producing an additional unit of a good or service that falls on people other than the producer of that good or service is theA) marginal external cost.B) marginal private cost.C) marginal social cost.D) None of the above answer

10、s is correct.Answer: ATopic: Marginal External CostSkill: DefinitionStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills10) The cost of producing a good or service that is paid by people other than the producers isA) the marginal cost.B) represented by the demand curve.C) represented by the supply curve.D) an extern

11、al cost.Answer: DTopic: Marginal External CostSkill: DefinitionStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills11) An external cost is a cost of producing a good or service that isA) not paid by the producersB) paid by the producers.C) paid by the government.D) paid by the consumer and the government.Answer: ATo

12、pic: Marginal External CostSkill: DefinitionStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills12) The marginal cost of production that is borne by the entire society is theA) marginal private cost.B) marginal social cost.C) marginal external cost.D) None of the above answers is correct.Answer: BTopic: Marginal Soc

13、ial CostSkill: DefinitionStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills13) The _ is the cost of paid by the producer plus any cost paid by everyone else when another unit of a good or service is produced.A) marginal external cost.B) marginal private cost.C) marginal social cost.D) None of the above answers is

14、correct.Answer: CTopic: Marginal Social CostSkill: DefinitionStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills14) The marginal social cost isA) equal to the marginal private cost plus the marginal external cost.B) equal to the marginal private cost minus the marginal external cost.C) the same as the marginal priv

15、ate cost.D) the same as the marginal external cost.Answer: ATopic: Marginal Social CostSkill: DefinitionStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills15) If the marginal private cost of producing one kilowatt of power in California equals five cents and the marginal social cost of each kilowatt equals nine cen

16、ts, then the marginal external cost equals _ per kilowatt.A) five centsB) nine centsC) four centsD) fourteen centsAnswer: CTopic: Marginal Social CostSkill: AnalyticalStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills16) The difference between the marginal social cost and the marginal private cost equals theA) cos

17、t of producing an additional unit of a good.B) marginal external benefit.C) marginal external cost.D) marginal private benefit.Answer: CTopic: Marginal Social CostSkill: ConceptualStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills17) If the marginal social cost of a good equals the marginal private cost of the goo

18、d, then the marginal external cost of the goodA) is zero.B) equals the marginal social cost.C) equals the marginal social benefit.D) equals the marginal private benefit.Answer: ATopic: Marginal Social CostSkill: AnalyticalStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills18) If a good has zero external costs, then

19、A) marginal social cost equal marginal private cost.B) marginal social cost is greater than marginal private cost.C) marginal social cost is less than marginal private cost.D) we need more information to determine the relationship between private and social costs.Answer: ATopic: Marginal Social Cost

20、Skill: AnalyticalStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills19) Marginal social cost is theA) difference between the marginal social benefit and the marginal private cost.B) sum of the marginal private benefit and the marginal private cost.C) difference between the marginal external cost and the marginal pr

21、ivate cost.D) sum of the marginal external cost and the marginal private cost.Answer: DTopic: Marginal Social CostSkill: DefinitionStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills20) The marginal social cost of production is theA) marginal private cost plus the marginal external cost.B) same as the marginal cost

22、 of any externality.C) total cost of any externality.D) marginal private cost minus the marginal external cost.Answer: ATopic: Marginal Social CostSkill: DefinitionStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills21) Marginal social cost is equal to theA) sum of marginal private cost and marginal external cost.B)

23、 sum of marginal private cost and marginal private benefit.C) marginal cost incurred by the producer of the good.D) marginal cost imposed on others.Answer: ATopic: Marginal Social CostSkill: DefinitionStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills22) Marginal social cost is equal to _.A) marginal private cost

24、plus the marginal external costB) the marginal external costC) the value of the tax that will make the market efficientD) the marginal cost imposed on people other than the producer of the goodAnswer: ATopic: Marginal Social CostSkill: DefinitionStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills23) Which of the fo

25、llowing is true?A) MSC = MC + Marginal external costB) MC = Marginal external cost - MSCC) MC = Marginal external benefit + MSCD) MSC = Marginal external cost + marginal external benefitAnswer: ATopic: Marginal Social CostSkill: DefinitionStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills24) The marginal social co

26、st, MSC, of producing a good or service equalsA) MC + MB.B) MB + marginal external cost.C) MB + marginal external benefit.D) MC + marginal external cost.Answer: DTopic: Marginal Social CostSkill: DefinitionStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills25) For a good with an external cost, the supply curveA) re

27、presents the various quantities people can buy.B) is the same as the marginal private cost curve.C) is the same as the marginal social cost curve.D) is the same as the marginal external cost curve.Answer: BTopic: Marginal Social CostSkill: ConceptualStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills26) If the marg

28、inal external cost of building a childrens playground equals zero, then theA) marginal private cost equals the marginal social cost.B) marginal social cost equals zero.C) marginal private cost equals zero.D) None of the above answers is correct.Answer: ATopic: Marginal Social CostSkill: AnalyticalSt

29、atus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills27) If a good has an external cost, then the marginal private cost curve A) lies below the marginal social cost curve.B) lies above the marginal social cost curve.C) is negative.D) is the same as the marginal external cost curve.Answer: ATopic: Marginal Social CostSk

30、ill: ConceptualStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills28) If the production of a good creates pollution, then the A) marginal social benefit curve lies above the marginal private benefit curve.B) marginal social cost curve lies above the marginal private cost curve.C) marginal social benefit curve lies

31、below the marginal private benefit curve.D) marginal social cost curve lies below the marginal private cost curve.Answer: BTopic: Marginal Social CostSkill: ConceptualStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills29) Consider an industry that produces an output Q with marginal private cost (MC) and marginal so

32、cial cost (MSC) as given in the table:QMCMSC1242473610481351016Which of the following is true?A) The production of each additional unit results in a larger marginal external cost.B) The production of each additional unit results in the same marginal external cost.C) The production of each additional

33、 unit results in a lower marginal external cost.D) There are no marginal external costs associated with the production of this good.Answer: ATopic: Marginal External CostSkill: AnalyticalStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills30) Consider an industry that produces an output Q with marginal private cost

34、(MC) and marginal social cost (MSC) as given in the table:QMCMSC1242473610481351016The marginal external cost associated with the production of unit 3 isA) 4.B) 6.C) 10.D) 16.Answer: ATopic: Marginal External CostSkill: AnalyticalStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills31) When production of a good resul

35、ts in an external cost, the unregulated competitive market equilibrium is inefficient because _.A) MSC = MCB) MSC = MSBC) MSC MSBD) MSC MSBAnswer: CTopic: An Unregulated MarketSkill: AnalyticalStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills32) If production of a good creates an external cost, the amount of outp

36、ut where the marginal social benefit equals the marginal private cost isA) inefficient.B) inequitable.C) unattainable.D) efficient.Answer: ATopic: An Unregulated MarketSkill: ConceptualStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills33) If a good has an external cost, theA) competitive market outcome is efficien

37、t.B) marginal private cost reflects the external cost.C) competitive market outcome is inefficient.D) marginal private benefit is equal to the marginal social cost.Answer: CTopic: An Unregulated MarketSkill: AnalyticalStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills34) Pollution occurs when lumber is produced. I

38、f the lumber market is unregulated, there would beA) overproduction of lumber compared to the efficient amount.B) underproduction of lumber compared to the efficient amount.C) sometimes overproduction and sometimes underproduction of lumber compared to the efficient amount.D) an external benefit to

39、producing lumber.Answer: ATopic: An Unregulated MarketSkill: AnalyticalStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills35) When the marginal social cost of the production of Good A is greater than the marginal private cost of the production of Good A, thenA) a competitive, unregulated market produces less than t

40、he efficient quantity of Good A.B) a competitive, unregulated market produces the efficient quantity of Good A.C) a competitive, unregulated market produces more than the efficient quantity of Good A.D) the government should levy a tax on the production of Good A that is equal to the horizontal dist

41、ance between the two marginal cost curves.Answer: CTopic: An Unregulated MarketSkill: AnalyticalStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills36) When the production of a good has an external cost, theA) marginal social cost curve lies below the marginal private cost curve.B) marginal social benefit curve lies

42、 above the marginal private benefit curve.C) equilibrium quantity in an unregulated, competitive market has a marginal social cost greater than the marginal social benefit.D) equilibrium quantity in an unregulated, competitive market has a marginal social cost less than the marginal social benefit.A

43、nswer: CTopic: An Unregulated MarketSkill: AnalyticalStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills37) Generating electricity creates air pollution. This industry, if left unregulated, will produceA) more than the efficient level of output.B) the efficient level of output.C) less than the efficient level of ou

44、tput.D) sometimes more and sometimes less than the efficient level of output.Answer: ATopic: An Unregulated MarketSkill: AnalyticalStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills38) Generating electricity creates air pollution. This industry, if left unregulated, will produce at an inefficient market equilibriu

45、m becauseA) there is a deadweight loss.B) supply is not equal to demand.C) too little output is produced.D) the marginal social benefit is greater than the marginal social cost.Answer: ATopic: An Unregulated MarketSkill: AnalyticalStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills39) Generating electricity creates

46、 air pollution. This industry, if left unregulated, will produce at an inefficient market equilibrium whereA) marginal private cost equals marginal social benefit.B) marginal social cost equals marginal social benefit.C) marginal social cost equals marginal private cost.D) marginal social benefit is

47、 greater than marginal social cost.Answer: ATopic: An Unregulated MarketSkill: AnalyticalStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills40) In the absence of property rights, factories will dump waste into a waterway up to the point where _ equals _.A) marginal social cost; marginal social benefitB) marginal so

48、cial cost; marginal private cost C) marginal private cost; marginal private benefitD) marginal private cost; marginal social costAnswer: CTopic: An Unregulated MarketSkill: AnalyticalStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills41) For a good whose production creates a pollution, when marginal social cost equ

49、als marginal social benefit, thenIthere is no pollution.IIresources are utilized efficiently.A) I onlyB) II onlyC) neither I nor IID) both I and IIAnswer: BTopic: EfficiencySkill: AnalyticalStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills42) Resources are efficiently utilized when production is such that margina

50、l social benefitA) is equal to marginal social cost.B) exceeds marginal social cost by as much as possible.C) is less than marginal social cost.D) None of the above because efficiency has to do with property rights and has nothing to do with marginal social benefit or marginal social cost.Answer: AT

51、opic: EfficiencySkill: AnalyticalStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills43) The efficient quantity of output of a product with external costs of production isA) where the demand curve and the producers supply curve intersect.B) where the marginal social cost curve and marginal social benefit curve inter

52、sect.C) as low as possible.D) zero.Answer: BTopic: EfficiencySkill: DefinitionStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills44) Producing paper creates pollution. There is no externality in the consumption of paper. The efficient quantity of paper is when theA) marginal social benefit of paper is equal to zero

53、.B) marginal social cost of the pollution from making paper is equal to zero.C) marginal social benefit of paper is equal to the marginal social cost of paper.D) marginal private cost of the pollution from making paper is equal to zero.Answer: CTopic: EfficiencySkill: DefinitionStatus: OldAACSB: Ana

54、lytical SkillsQuantity of steel (millions of tons per week)Marginal social benefit(dollars per ton)Marginal social cost (dollars per ton)5402010352515303020253525204045) The table above shows information about the costs and benefits of a steel smelter that pollutes the air of a city. The market is e

55、fficient when the quantity of steel produced is _ tons per week.A) 5B) 10C) 15D) 25Answer: CTopic: EfficiencySkill: AnalyticalStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills46) The table above shows information about the costs and benefits of a steel smelter that pollutes the air of a city. If the marginal exte

56、rnal cost is $10 per ton at every quantity of steel produced, the equilibrium quantity when the steel industry is unregulated is _ tons per week.A) 5B) 15C) 20D) 25Answer: CTopic: An Unregulated MarketSkill: AnalyticalStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills47) The above figure shows the marginal social

57、benefit, marginal private cost and marginal social cost of producing steel. There is a marginal external _ of _ per ton.A) benefit; $200B) benefit; $100C) cost; $200D) cost; $100Answer: DTopic: ExternalitiesSkill: AnalyticalStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills48) The above figure shows the marginal s

58、ocial benefit, marginal private cost and marginal social cost of producing steel. If the market is competitive and unregulated, how much steel will be produced?A) 0 tonsB) 2 tonsC) 4 tonsD) 8 tonsAnswer: CTopic: An Unregulated MarketSkill: AnalyticalStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills49) The above f

59、igure shows the marginal social benefit, marginal private cost and marginal social cost of producing steel. What is the efficient quantity of steel?A) 0 tonsB) 2 tonsC) 4 tonsD) 8 tonsAnswer: BTopic: An Unregulated MarketSkill: AnalyticalStatus: OldAACSB: Analytical Skills50) The above figure shows

60、the marginal social benefit, marginal private cost and marginal social cost of producing steel. If the market is competitive and unregulated, the equilibrium quantity of steel is _ tons and the efficient quantity of steel is _ tons.A) 2; 2B) 2; 4C) 4; 2D) None of the above answers is correct.Answer: