(最新)短文改错解题思路指导

1、 高考短文改错解题思路指导短文改错设题形式及考查内容：设题形式通常占的比例主要考查的词性多词或少词2-3个冠词、介词、代词、连词等。纠错7-8个冠词、名词、代词、介词、形容词、副词、时态、语态、非谓语动词、情态动词、连词等。注意：1. 短文改错主要考查词法、句法、行文逻辑等方面的错误，不设标点符号错误、大小写错误以及单词拼写错误，但会考查单词词性使用错误。 2. 短文改错一般每个句子最多设置两处错误，且不会紧挨着。（但较长的句子也可能设三处错误） 3添加或删除的词主要是虚词（如：冠词、代词、介词、连词），实词以改动为主。 第一节 高频考点一 冠词【考点透析】主要考查1.冠词的误用：（1）a和a

2、n的误用 （2）不定冠词a/an和定冠词the的误用2. 冠词的遗漏或多余【高考真题展示】（一）冠词的误用1.As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons.（2018全国卷II）2.They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. （2017全国卷II）3. My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.（2

3、016全国卷I）4.A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop. （2015全国卷II）答案1.thea 2.第一个aan /one 3.thea 4.athe （二）冠词的遗漏或多余5.During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.（2018全国卷I）6.I still remember how hard first day was. （2017全国卷I）7.Around me i

4、n picture are the things that were very important in my life at that time: carmagazines and musical instruments. （2017全国卷III）8. But in that case, we will learn little about world. （2016全国II）9.Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. （2015全国I）10. As result, the plants are growing

5、 everywhere. （2014全国I）11. At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.（2016全国卷III）12.There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings. （2014全国II）答案5.countryside前加the。6.在first day前加the或my。7.在picture前加the或this。8. world前加the。9. countryside之前加t

6、he。 10result之前加a。11. 去掉the。12.去掉flowers之前的the。（kind/sort/type/variety）+of+名词”结构名词前不加冠词。【解题方法指导】在短文改错题目中，如果名词之前有冠词时，就要推敲冠词是否误用（如T1-4）或多余（如T11,12），如果名词之前没有冠词时，就要推敲冠词是否遗漏（如T5-10）。二名词【考点透析】主要考查1.名词单复数是否误用 2.词性是否误用 3.名词所有格是否误用【高考真题展示】（一）名词单复数误用1. Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separa

7、te house to raise dozens of chicken . （2018全国卷I）2. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. （2018全国卷II）3. The classroom is a place for learning and that includes leaning from textbooks, and mistake as well. （2018全国卷III）4.The instructor kept repeating the word, Speed up

8、 !” Slow down ! （2017全国卷I）5. The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. （2016全国卷III）6. .since thenfor all these yearwe have been allowing tomatoes to selfseed where they please. （2014全国卷I） 7. For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour

9、 every day. （2014全国卷II）8.Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet. （2017全国卷II）9. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. （2016全国卷II）10. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. （2015全国卷I）答案1. chicken chi

10、ckens 2. sortsorts 3. mistake mistakes 4.wordwords5. yearyears6.yearyears 7.第一个 hour改为 rmationsinformation 9.knowledgesknowledge 10. airs air（二）词性误用11.I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes. （2017全国卷III）12. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. （2016全国卷I

11、）13.The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. （2014全国卷I）14. I found the test difficulty, but I tried hard to do it. （2013四川卷）15. He has ruined his healthy. （2013辽宁卷）答案11.differencedifferent12.honesthonesty13.taste-tasty14.difficultydifficult5.healthyhealth （三）名词所有格的误用16.When I was little, F

12、ridays night was our family game night. （2018全国卷II）17. When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes. （2011新课标卷）答案16.FridaysFriday 17.friendfriends 【解题方法指导】在短文改错题目中，主要从以下三个方面来考虑：1.要推敲名词单复数是否误用。可数名词有复数形式（如T1-7），不可数名词没有复数形式（如T8-10），因此要根据上下文语境以及名词前的修饰词，正确判断名词的单、复数形式。2. 要推敲词性错误。根据在句中所充当

13、的句子成分，判断该名词的正确词性（如T11-15）。3. 要推敲名词所有格是否误用。根据句意以及名词所有格的结构，判断名词所有格使用是否正确（如T16-17）。三代词【考点透析】主要考查1.代词的指代不一致 2.代词的误用 3.代词的遗漏【高考真题展示】（一）代词的指代不一致1.They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. （2018全国卷II）2.This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days

14、. （2017全国卷III）3.Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steadily. （2016全国I）4.If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books. （2016全国II）5. At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. （2016全国卷III）6. We must find way

15、s to protect your environment. （2015全国I）答案1.us-me2.yourmy3. ourhis4. yourour5. yourself myself 6. yourour/the（二）代词的误用7.I had done myself homework but I was shy. （2018全国卷III）8. He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town, and he was strong and powerful. （2013全国I）9.We to

16、ok ours fishing poles and headed for the lake. （2013陕西卷）10. Im sorry that I am abroad and cant send your flowers, so Im writing to you. （2012四川卷）11.Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. （2017全国II）12.It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot. （2016全国II）13.Much rare animals are dying ou

17、t. （2015全国I）14.There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors（2014全国I）15.The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. （2018全国卷I）16. Other way is to watch our everyday use of water and electricity at home. （2012全国I）答案7.myself -my

18、 / the 8. himselfhim 9. ours- our 10. youryou11.all改为both或将all去掉。12. manymuch13. Much-Many14.much-many 15.another -other 16. OtherAnother （三）代词的遗漏17.I still remember how hard first day was. （2017全国卷I）18. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.

19、 （2016全国卷III）19.Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. （2015全国II）20. For a while parents bought me new toys. （2012全国I）答案17.在first day前加my 或the18. need前加I 19. parents前加his 20.parents前加my 【解题思路指导】在短文改错题目中，主要推敲以下几个方面的错误：1.代词前后指代是否一致（如T1-6）2.代词是否误用：（1）反身代词、人称代词、物主代词是否误用（如T7-10）（2）不定代词的指代范围、代替或修饰可数名词或不可数名

20、词、肯定和否定意义、整体意义和个体意义的使用是否正确（如T11-16）（3）it的句法功能（在强调句中的用法和作形式主语、形式宾语的用法）以及在具体语境中的指代用法是否正确。3. 代词是否遗漏（如T17-20）。四介词【考点透析】高考短文改错主要考查介词基本用法错误，与动词、名词、形容词的搭配错误，以及介词的多余或遗漏。其中介词的多余或遗漏主要结合动词和动词短语来考查。主要考查1.介词的误用 2.介词的遗漏 3.介词的多余【高考真题展示】（一）介词的误用1.Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. （2018全国卷I

21、I）2.It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road. （2017全国卷I）3. Tony saw a toy on a shop window.（2015全国II）4. Now I am leaving home to college. （2016全国卷III）5. Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. （2015全国I） 6.Nearly fiv

22、e years ago ,and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes（圣女果）in our back garden.（2014全国I）7. Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities. （2014全国II）8.Interestingly, it had a connection by the British porcelain(瓷器) industry. （2013全国II）答案1.for-with2.onof

23、3. onin 4. tofor 5. onwith 6. by-of 7. withfor8. by- with/to（二）介词的遗漏9.My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time. （2016全国I）10. We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music. （2014全国II）答案9.dreams后加of 10. 在listening后 加to（三）介词的多余11.They have also

24、 bought for some gardening tools. （2017全国II）12.When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. （2017全国卷III）13.My soccer coach retired in last week.（2015陕西）答案11.去掉for 12.去掉第二个of 13. 去掉in【解题思路指导】在短文改错题目中，主要推敲介词的基本用法是否正确以及介词的固定搭配是否正确（如T1-8），还要结合动词和动词短语的用法来推敲介词是否多余或遗漏。如果是不及物动词，带

25、宾语时必须要加介词（如T9-10），如果是及物动词，带宾语时不需要加介词（如T11-12）；当时间状语是today, tonight, tomorrow, yesterday, the day before yesterday, yesterday(tomorrow) morning/afternoon/evening或含有this, that, these, those, last, next, every, each等的时间状语时，其前不加介词（如T13）。同时还要注意动词短语的搭配错误，以及动词短语词义辨析。五形容词、副词【考点透析】主要考查1.形容词和副词误用 2.形容词、副词比较等级

26、的误用 3.形容词、副词修饰词的误用 4.形近词的误用 5.表时间、逻辑关系等的副词的误用【高考真题展示】（一）形容词和副词误用1.I felt happily that their life had improved. （2018全国卷I）2.Immediate, I raised my hand. （2018全国卷III）3.It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road. （2017全国卷I）4. Instead, he hopes that his business will gr

27、ow steady. （2016全国卷I） 5. At one time, I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. （2016全国卷III）6.Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. （2015全国I）7. Dad and I were terrible worried. （2015全国卷II）8.We are growin

28、g wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! （2014全国卷I） 9.The teachers here are kind and helpfully. （2014全国卷II）答案1.happily - happy2.Immediate - Immediately3.suddenly -sudden 4.steadysteadily5. freelyfree6.seriouslyserious7.terrible-terribly8.wonderfully-wonderful9.helpfullyhelpful（二）形容词和副词比较等级的误用10.I was afra

29、id to speak in front of a larger group of people. （2018全国卷III）11. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. （2017全国卷II）12.I enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums. （2017全国卷III）13. They were also the best and wor

30、se years in my life. （2016全国卷III）14. I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. （2012全国卷II）答案10.largerlarge11.earlierearly12.latelatest13. worse-worst14. little-less（三）形容词、副词修饰词的误用15.I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. （2017全国卷I）

31、16. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. （2015全国卷II）17.I remember my grandfather very much. （2013全国卷I）答案15.去掉much 16.去掉very17. much- well/clearly （四）形近词的误用18.Beside, they often get some useful information from the Internet. （2017全国卷II）19. Beside, Cleo tends to bark an avera

32、ge of six hours a day. （2014辽宁卷）20. I am awfully tired, but I know Ill never fall sleep. (2013浙江卷)21. That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are. （2014辽宁卷）22. I found the test difficult, but I tried hardly to do it. （2013四川卷）答案18.BesideBesides19.BesideBesides20. sleep asleep 21.

33、 closelyclose22. hardly- hard（五）表时间、逻辑关系等的副词的误用23.A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. （2017全国卷I）（lateIater）【解题思路指导】在短文改错题目中，如果遇到形容词或副词，要推敲以下几方面的错误：1.形容词和副词使用是否正确: 在句中作定语、表语和补足语时，要用形容词；在句中作状语，修饰动词，形容词，副词，以及修饰全句要用副词（如T1-9）。2.比较级、最高级是否正确：两者比较用比较级，三者及以上比较用最高级（如T10-14） 3. 修饰词是否正确

34、（如T15-17） 4.形近词是否误用（如T18-22）以及表时间、逻辑关系等的副词的误用（如T23）。六谓语动词【考点透析】主要考查1.时态是否错误：（1）时态不一致错误 （2）时态构成错误 （3）并列谓语错误（4）主谓不一致错误 （5）be动词遗漏错误2.语态是否错误 【高考真题展示】（一）时态是否错误（1）时态不一致错误1.During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a change there. （2018全国卷I）2.I

35、 didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. （2018全国卷II）3. . . but once I started the car, my mind goes blank. （2017全国卷I）4.When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables!（2017全国II）5.I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past

36、 few years. （2017全国卷III）6.About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. （2017全国卷III）7. It is always crowded with customers at meal times .Some People even had to wait outside. （2016全国I）8. However, my parents didn

37、t seem to think so. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. （2016全国卷III）9. When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. （2015全国I）答案1.find - found2.are-were3.goeswent4.camecomes5.hadhave6.becomebecame7.had-have8. telltold 9. think一thought（2）时态构成错误10.It was

38、 Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. （2018全国卷III）begin - begun（3）并列谓语错误11. Tony was scared and begun to cry. （2015全国II）12. A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop. （2015全国II）答案11.begunbegan12.tellingtold（4）主谓不一致错误13.The classroom is a place for learning and

39、that include leaning from textbooks, and mistakes as well. （2018全国卷III）14.My dream school look like a big garden. （2014全国II）15.The understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas and trust each other. （2013全国I）答案13.include -includes 14.look-looks15.mean means（5）be动词遗漏错误16.Stil

40、l I unwilling to play the games with them sometimes. （2018全国卷II）unwilling前加was 2.语态是否错误17.About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and became a new member of the school music club. （2017全国卷III）18.Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality

41、 oil are using for cooking. （2016全国I）19. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem. （2015全国I）答案17.tooktaken18.usingused19.去掉been【解题思路指导】在做短文改错题目时，主要考虑时态是否一致、时态构成是否错误 、并列谓语是否错误、主谓是否一致 以及be动词是否遗漏，同时还要考虑语态是否错误。七非谓语动词【考点透析】主要考查1. 不定式的误用以及不定式符号to的遗漏或多余2

42、.动名词的误用 3.分词的误用 4. 转换成形容词的-ed/-ing分词的误用【高考真题展示】（一）不定式的误用以及不定式符号to的遗漏或多余1.As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me. （2018全国卷II）2.Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and

43、anxious. （2018全国卷III）3.When summer comes, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!（2017全国卷II）4.Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I could make my toys to last. （2012全国卷I）答案1. watching -watch 2. take前加to 3.在pick前加to 4.去掉last前的 to （二）动名词的误用5.My grandpa said last summer th

44、ey earned quite a lot by sell the fish. （2018全国卷I）6. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. （2016全国卷III） 7.We can choose between staying at home and take a trip. （2016全国卷II） 8. Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, which might not be served unti

45、l 8 oclock at night. （2013全国卷II）答案5.sell - selling 6. wearwearing 7. take-taking8. HaveHaving （三）分词的误用9.Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud. （2018全国卷III）10. I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hang Zhou. （2011全国卷I）11.Third, w

46、e should find ways to reuse the water using in washing （2012全国卷II）答案：9.wait waiting 10.buybuying11.usingused （四）转换成形容词的-ed/-ing分词的误用12.In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden.（2017全国卷II）13. Gradually, I became interesting in biology. （2012重庆卷）14.Therefore, I

47、told them interested stories.（2012浙江卷）答案12.interestinginterested13. interestinginterested 14. interestedinteresting 【解题思路指导】在短文改错中，首先要辨别是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，如果该句中已经有谓语部分，就要考虑所使用的动词的非谓语动词形式是否正确。（1）作主语，作介词宾语以及跟在suggest, finish，enjoy，avoid等词后作宾语时用动名词 doing（如T5-8）；跟在 ask, decide ,determine, learn, want, expect,

48、 hope, wish 等词后作宾语时用动词不定式to do（如T1）。（2）作宾补时，动词allow, ask, beg, want, tell, order, invite等要跟不定式 to do（表主动）或to be done（表被动）作宾补语（如T3）；表感官类的feel, listen to, hear, see, watch, notice, observe, look at等和使役类动词have， make，let等要跟省略to的不定式do（表主动）或 done（表被动）作宾补语（如T4）；表感官类的词后面的宾补表示“正在干”时，用现在分词doing（表主动）或 being do

49、ne（表被动）作宾补。（3）作状语时，和句子的主语构成主动、进行的动作用现在分词doing（如T9,10）；和句子的主语构成被动、完成的动作用过去分词done；作目的状语或跟在“系表结构”后，以及一些固定结构中用不定式（如T2）。（4）作定语时，和所修饰的名词构成主动、进行的动作用现在分词doing；和所修饰的名词构成被动、完成的动作用过去分词done（如T11）；和所修饰的名词构成将来的动作用不定式to do（表主动）或to be done（表被动）。（5）表示“人感到”，用-ed形容词（如T12,13）；表示“令人感到”，用-ing形容词（如T14）。八情态动词和虚拟语气【考点透析】主要考

50、查1.情态动词后面跟动词原形（通常结合原形和过去式易混的动词来考查）2.和be动词连用时，be动词遗漏3. ought /used to do sth中do和doing的误用4.在语境中，情态动词的误用5. 情态动词在虚拟语气中是否误用【高考真题展示】1.As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not to let me. （2018全国II）2.We can chose between staying at home an

51、d taking a trip. （2016全国II）3. We must found ways to protect our environment. （2015全国I）4. We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening to music. （2014全国II）5. She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs. （2013全国I）6. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must m

52、ake my toys last. （2012全国I）7.So real friendship should able to stand all sorts of tests. （2011全国I）8. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. （2016全国II）答案1. 去掉let之前的 to 2.chose-choose3.found一find4.sat-sit5. holdinghold 6.mustcould 7.should后加be 8. 去掉can或canshould 【解题思路指导】在做短文改错

53、题目时，如果有情态动词，首先看看其后的动词是否用了动词原形（如T1 -5），尤其注意动词过去式和原形相似易混的词（如T2）和情态动词后两个并列动词原形（如T4）以及情态动词和be动词连用时，be动词是否遗漏（如T7），还要根据句意和上下文语境，判断情态动词是否误用（如T6）以及在虚拟语气中的用法是否有误（如T8）。九并列连词【考点透析】主要考查1. 并列连词的误用以及固定搭配错误 2.并列连词的多余或遗漏【高考真题展示】（一）并列连词（and, but, so ,or, for等）的误用及固定搭配错误1.At the end of our trip, I told my father that

54、 I planned to return every two years, but he agreed. （2018全国卷I）2.Everyone was silent, waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. （2018全国卷III）3.Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank.

55、 （2017全国卷I）4. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking. （2016全国卷I）5. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. （2016全国卷II）6. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. （2015全国卷I）7. I have grown not only physically

56、, and also mentally in the past few years. （2017全国卷III）8.and neither agriculture or industry can go without it. （2012全国卷II）答案1.but -and 2.and - or 3.sobut/yet4. or- and 5. but-and6.or-andandbut8. ornor （二）并列连词的多余或遗漏9.Though not very big ,but the Restaurant is popular in our area . （2016全国卷I） 10.Alth

57、ough we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems. （2014全国卷I）11.He had a deep voice, which set him apart from others in our small town, he was strong and powerful. （2013全国卷I）答案9.去掉but 10.去掉but 11.在he之前加and 【解题思路指导】在短文改错

58、中，主要推敲文中所给的并列连词前后逻辑关系是否一致, 主要集中在表并列顺接关系的and，表转折关系的but，表选择关系的or, 表因果关系的so的误用（如T1-6）,以及as well as（也、连同）, bothand（二者都）, neithernor（既不也不）, notbut（不是而是），not onlybut also （不但而且）等搭配是否错误（如T7,8），同时分析句子成分，注意从属连词和并列连词不能一起使用（如T9,10）以及并列连词是否遗漏（如T11）。此外，还要注意两个特殊的并列连词while（表对比关系）和when（表“这时”）的用法。十从属连词【考点透析】主要考查1. 定

59、语性从句引导词的误用 2.名词性从句引导词的误用 3.状语从句引导词的误用【高考真题展示】（一）定语性从句引导词的误用【高考真题展示】1.They also had a small pond which they raised fish. （2018全国卷I）2.In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. （2017全国卷II）3. Having tea in the late afternoon p

60、rovides a bridge between lunch and dinner ,that might not be served until 8 oclock at night.（2013全国卷II）4.Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: carmagazines and musical instruments. （2017全国卷III）5.The dishes what I cooked were Moms favourite. （2016四川