英语简单句的5种基本类型课件

1、英语句子概论1. 句子的成分主语:表示句子说的是什么人或什么事,由名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子充当位于句首。谓语:说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样由动词或动词词组充当, 位于主语后。宾语:表示动作行为的对象,通常位于及物动词和介词后面。宾语补足语:补充宾语的成分,通常位于宾语后。由形容词，名词，介词短语等充当。表语:说明主语的性质或特征,位于系动词之后。以上的成分称为基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2-4个基本成分。定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.China is a developing c

2、ountry; America is a developed country.There are thirty women teachers is our school.His rapid progress in English made us surprised. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.He is reading an article about how to learn English.Tom is

3、a boy who likes music very much.（形容词）（分词）（名词）（代词）（不定式）（动名词）（介词短语）（从句）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。通常有副词，介词短语和从句充当状语种类如下：How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）Last night she didnt go to the dance party because ofthe rain.（原因状语）I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语）Mr Smith lives on the t

4、hird floor.（地点状语）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.方式状语She came in with a dictionary in her hand.伴随状语In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.目的状语He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.结果状语She works very hard though she is old.让步状语I am taller than he is.比较状语2.

5、句子的分类分类说明例句简单句由一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语构成的句子。即一套主谓关系。1. Tom and I found her there. 2. We all breathe, eat and work.并列句由并列连词（and,so,but, or等）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。1. He likes eggs, but he doesnt like chickens.2. Work hard or you will fall behind.复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子1. I believe you are right.2. If yo

6、u study harder, you will pass the exam.简单句五种基本类型(一).简单句: 只有一个主语(或并列主语) 和 一个谓语(或并列谓语): .Tom likes rock music. .Tom and John are fond of rock music. .Tom sat down at his desk and began to do his homework.简单句五种基本句型1.主语+谓语 S+V2.主语+系动词+表语S+V+P3.主语+谓语+宾语S+V+O4.主语+谓语+间宾+直宾S+V+INO+DO5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补S+V+O+OC一个完

7、整的简单句按结构分 由 “主语部分+谓语部分”构成For example: The man is writing.(主语部分) (谓语部分)动词 连系动词主要动词 行为动词 助动词辅助动词 情态动词不及物动词 laugh / smile / look / listen及物动词 see / hear / drink / eatbe (is/ am /are / was / were)do / does / didhave / has / hadwill / shall / be going to/can / may / must / shall / needcould / should / wo

8、uld / mighthave (has) to / had betterbe ( is am are was were) / seem / keep是/好象(似乎)是/保持look / feel / taste / smell / sound 看/感觉/尝/闻/听起来(上去)become / turn / get / grow 变得连系动词be ( is am are was were) / seem / keep /是/好象(似乎)是/保持look / feel / taste / smell / sound / 看/感觉/尝/闻/听起来(上去)become / turn / get /

9、grow / 变得连系动词主系表结构（SVP） =主语+连系动词+表语Miss liangis a good teacher.The movie is interesting/wonderful.He feels hungry.The flower looks beautiful.He is a boy. She is a girl. We are students. They are good. The book is interestingWe are in the classroomThe pen is in the box主语 连系动词 表语1. It is getting warme

10、r and warmer. He looks pretty happy today. 高考经常考查的系动词: . “变得” _, _, _, _, _. . “看起来”_,_,_ “闻起来” _ “尝起来” _ “摸起来” _ “听起来”_ 主语+系动词+表语 (S+V+P) get becometurn go growlook seem appearsmelltastefeelsoundHe looks / seems ill.The apple tastes nice.Trees turn green.Your idea sounds good.（是系动词）(表语)1. This 2. T

11、he dinner3. He 4. Everything5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face is smells(闻)fell looks is is becameturned an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting.warmer. red. 系动词的用法: (注意三点) +_作表语; 无 _; 无 _; e.g. The dish _. (尝起来好吃) The story _. (听起来有趣).adj. 宾语被动语态tastes

12、delicioussounds interesting及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词: see / hear / drink / eat / I saw him last week.We heard the bad news yesterday.They eat bread every day.He drank a glass of milk just now.不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词: laugh / smile / look / listen / She smiled happily.They laughed loudly. 如果要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助:She l

13、ook at the blackboard carefully.He listened to his teacher in class.They laughed at us after the match. 什么是及物动词(vt)和不及物动词(vi)呢?The boy is fishing.The girl dances well.The duck is swimming.The woman walks slowly.主谓结构（SV） =主语+谓语动词不及物动词Xudonglikes playingbasketball .Wubin plays computer games every day

14、.Xianwenplayed soccer yesterday.Littlepigis playing the guitarnow.及物动词主谓宾结构（SVO） =主语+谓语+宾语（实义动词）(宾语) 1. Who 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. They 6. Danny 7. I 4. He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. donuts.to have a cup of tea. Good morning. 有些词既

15、是及物动词又是不及物动词，那就要看意思上的区别了：他们在放风筝。They are flying the kites.风筝在天上飞。The kites are flying in the sky.Santa Claus gave me a present.MissXieteaches us. Miss Xie teaches English. Miss Xie teaches us English. She told me a story.及物动词主谓双宾结构（SVInODO）=主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语可以用于这种句式的动词主要有 (A) buy / build / choose / co

16、ok / make / draw He bought me a new bike.也可以改为for sb 的句式 He bought a new bike for me. (B) give / take / send / bring / show / write / sell / lend / pass / return / offer / readShe lent me a book.也可以改为 to sb的句式 She lent a book to me. (c) borrow/ get也可以改为from sb的句式 She borrowed a book from me yesterda

17、y.（及物）IO（多指人）（多指物）1. She2. She 3. He 8. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 4. He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himher husband you her him him mea new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. that the bus was late. 主谓宾宾补结构（SVOOC）=主语+谓语+宾语+宾语的补

18、足语He told me to clean my room.I saw her dancing.Miss liangasks us to read English every day.及物动词（及物）（宾语）（宾补）1. We 2. They3. They 4. They5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to c

19、ome back soon. getting on the bus. 可以用于这种句式的动词主要有let / make sb. do sth.ask / tell / want / allow / wish / sb. to do sth.expect / encourage / invite / teach find / see / hear / watch / notice / feel sb. do sth. sb. doing sth. help sb. (to) do sth. _句 Xiaoxuan is a very good girl . _句: They laughed. T

20、he kites fly in the sky._句: Guannan bought a new bike. Wenkui plays volleyball. _句: She told me a story. Xinjia gave me a good book._句: He asked me to help him. Tianlong made me happy. 蛮简单的哦!Let me try! (主语) (连系动词) (表语) (主语) (谓语动词) (主语) (谓语动词)(主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语)(主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语) (主

21、语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语)(主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾补) (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾补)主系表主谓主谓宾主谓宾宾主谓宾宾补The boy is asleep.The boy is sleeping.主谓宾主谓The boy is playing the guitar.His music is very beautiful.It is beautiful music.主系表He is playing happily.判断这些句子的类型并理解be动词的双重身份（连系动词助动词）Exercise Everything goes well. we exercise every day. we are sitting now. You are listening carefully. You are listening to me carefully. we are having an English class. I teach you English. last we