从高考题看情态动词对过去推测的课件市公开课获奖课件

1、从高考题看情态动词对过去推测虚拟表示法易百英语教研室制作公培强第1页第1页情态动词对过去推测虚拟表示即“情态动词+have +过去分词”结构是情态动词这一语法当中一个难点，也是历届高考试题考察一个重点，因此，大家必须理解并牢固掌握这一结构特点和使用办法。下面我结合近年来相关高考试题，就“情态动词+have +过去分词”这一结构基本使用办法作下列归纳和分析。第2页第2页1.“must + have + ved”用于必定句当中，表示对过去所发生动作或存在状态很必定一个推测，意为“一定”、“想必”。 第3页第3页例1.He_have completed his work; otherwise, he

2、 wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside. (NMET 北京)A. should B.must C. wouldnt D.cant 简析: 答案为B。本题考察“must +have + ed”结构表示对过去必定推测使用办法。句意为：他一定是完毕了工作，不然，他不会在海边玩这样开心。而“should + have+ed”则表示应当做某事却没做；“cant + have +ed”是“must + have + ed”否认式；wouldnt表示“不会”均不符合题意。故B正确。第4页第4页例2.Tom is never late for work. Why

3、 is he absent today? Something _to him.（江西） A. must happen B.should have happened C. could have happened D.must have happened简析: 答案为D。由上句句意可知，汤姆从来上班不迟到，阐明他在对方说话前必定出了什么事情，表示一个很必定推测。故D正确。第5页第5页例3. - Guess what! I have got A for my term paper. - Great! You _ read widely and put a lot of work into it.（N

4、MET 上海） A. mustB. shouldC. must haveD. should have简析: 答案为C。“must +have + ed”结构表示对过去也许性必定推测，由语境“I have got A for my term paper”可知，他在得A之前必定进行了大量阅读并倾注了许多心血。故C正确。第6页第6页2.“can/could + have+ed”表示对过去某情况也许性否认或质疑，意为“不也许（已经）了”或“也许（已经）了”。多用于否认句和疑问句当中；用于必定句中，表示对过去没有做某事遗憾，意为“本来应当（但事实上却没有）”，含有轻微责怪。第7页第7页例1.My Eng

5、lish-Chinese dictionary has disappeared .Who_ have taken it? (NMET 上海春季)A. should B. must C. could D.would简析: 答案为C。should +have+ed表示本来应当做某事而却没做；must + have + ed表示过去一定那样做了，would have+ed惯用于表示虚拟语调，均不符合题意。could have taken表示对过去也许性推断，由上句可知，我英汉词典不在了，也许是谁把它拿走了。故C正确。第8页第8页例2.My sister met him at the Grand Th

6、eatre yesterday afternoon, so he _your lecture. (NMET 上海)A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended简析: 答案为A。cant /couldnt + have +ed表示对过去否认性推测，意为“不也许”，由“My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon,”可知，他不也许参与讲座。故A正确。第9页第9页例3. You

7、_ it better, but you were too careless.A. shouldnt have done B. could have done C. neednt have done D. mustnt have done简析: 答案为B。could have done表示对过去没有做某事遗憾，本句意为“本来应当做更加好（但事实上由于太粗心却没有做好）”，含有轻微责怪。故B正确。第10页第10页3.“may/might + have +ed”用于必定句或否认句中，表示对过去发生某事也许性推测，意为“或许（已经）”或“或许还没有”。第11页第11页例 Sorry, Im late

8、. I _have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. (NMET 京、皖春季卷)A. might B.should C. can D. will简析: 答案为A。might + have ed表示过去也许做某事，由所提供语境“Im late”可知，说话人也许把闹钟关上了，而不是本来不应当把闹钟关上而关上了。而“should + have+ed”表示本来应当做某事而却没做；“can + have+ed”表示对过去某情况也许性推测，多用于否认句和疑问句当中；will惯用来表示未来或意愿。故A正确。第12页第12页再如：

9、Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she might have said something she would regret later.昨天，琼离开了讨论会。不然她或许会说些她以后感到后悔事情。第13页第13页4.“should/ought to + have +ed”，用于必定句中，表示对过去没有做某事得遗憾，意为“本来应当（但事实上却没有）”，往往含有责怪意思；用于否认句当中，表示对做过事责怪，意为“本来不该（但事实上却已经了）”。 第14页第14页例1. - My cats really fat.

10、- You _ have given her so much food. (NMET 湖南) A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. mustnt 简析: 答案为C。couldnt + have +ed表示对过去否认性推测, 意为“不也许”;“must + have + ed”否认式推测用cant +have +ed”，而不用mustnt + have +ed; wouldnt +have +ed结构惯用于虚拟语调当中，均不符合题意。shouldnt +have + ed表示对做过事责怪，意为“本来不该给猫太多食物（但事实上却已经给了它太多食物了，以致于猫太胖

11、了）”。故C正确。第15页第15页例2. There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You _ come, but why didnt you? ( NMET 1999上海) A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have简析: 答案为D。must +have +ed结构表示对过去也许性必定推测；need 表示推测惯用于否认句当中；should+动词原形表示（现在）应当那么做；ought to +have+ed表示本来应当做而没有做，意为“昨天宴会上有许多有趣事，你理应来，但你为何没来呢？”

12、。故D正确。第16页第16页例3.Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. You_her last week.( NMET福建)A. ought to tell B.would have told C.must tell D.should have told简析: 答案为D。该题考察情态动词对过去推测。should +have+ed表示“本该做而没做某事”，其否认式为“本不该做而做了”。此句表示“你本该上周告诉她（却没有告诉）”，故D正确。第17页第17页5“neednt + have +ed”结构表示“过去没有必要做某事，但事实上却做了”， 意为“

13、本来能够不必（可事实上却已经了）”。第18页第18页例 Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. Thanks.You_it.I could manage it myself.(NMET，福建) A.neednt do B.neednt have done C.mustnt do D.shouldnt have done简析: 答案为B。此题考察情态动词在详细语境中利用。mustnt do意为“不许做”； shouldnt have done意为“本来不应当做而做了”，这两个选项在意义上都不通，neednt do表示普通时态没必要；neednt h

14、ave done表示“本来没有必要”，指对过去事件评论，这与句意“你本来没有必要替我打扫房间”，由于“我自己能打扫”是一致。故B正确。第19页第19页巩固练习1. - She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam.- I guess so. Its not difficult after all.（NMET 江苏）A. shouldB.couldC.mustD.might2. He_have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt enjoy himself by the seaside. ( NM

15、ET北京) A. should B.must C. wouldnt D. cant 3. I put my umbrella here behind the door a moment ago, but its gone. Who _it away by mistake? A. can take B. might take C. could have taken D.must have taken第20页第20页4.No wonder you caught a cold. You _out last night without a coat. I know how silly I was. A

16、. shouldnt have gone B.mustnt have gone C. couldnt have gone D. mightnt have gone5.There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. It_a comfortable journey. A.cant be B. shouldnt be C.mustnt have been D.couldnt have been6. Although there is no life on Mars now, some sc

17、ientists think that there _ some form of life a long time ago.A. must beB. may have beenC. can have beenD. could be第21页第21页7.The teacher _ have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldnt have wasted time on him, I suppose. (NMET安徽) A. should B. can C. would D. must8.Look！There was plenty of time .We _. A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurried C.must not hurry D. neednt have hurried9. Dont be so anxious about that. John _ a note. A. may leave B.should leave C. might have