2021-2022学年广州市天河区高二下英语期末考试题

1、学年第二学期天河区期末考试高二英语本试卷共8页，满分为150分，考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号填写在答题卡相应的位置上。2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案；不能答在试卷上。3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔或涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第卷第一部分 阅读理

2、解（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共10小题；每小题3分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A, B, C, D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AOrbital structures are becoming increasingly important for worldwide communications and a new generation of technologies. But scientists are warning that the danger of space debris(碎片) is rapidly increasing. Space d

3、ebris can include pieces of old rockets, nonoperational satellites, lost tools and other items. They are threatening spaceships, satellites and space stations. In an effort to reduce the amount of debris orbiting the Earth, a group of economists at the University of Colorado at Boulder proposed a ye

4、arly fee, or tax, on satellite operators for their use of an orbital path. The groups study on the subject appeared recently in the publication Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Matthew Smith helped write the study. He said in a statement: “Space is a common resource, but companies ar

5、ent responsible for the cost their satellites impose(迫使) on other operators when they decide whether or not to launch. So we need a policy that lets satellite operators directly cover the costs their launches impose on other operators.”Akhil Liotta was the lead writer of the study. He said most of t

6、he proposed solutions to the problem have been based on using technology to clear away the debris. But, Smith said, removing debris only means that operators will launch more satellites, and an international agreement calling for a yearly fee or tax would push companies to be more mindful about laun

7、ching further objects into space. Christopher Burgess, a professor of space law at Northumbria University in Britain, said that imposing a space tax could be tricky. He noted that such a cost could be seen as a restriction on the free use of space, and the effort to place a fee on the use of space c

8、ould easily be slowed by the many details involved. According to the text, what concerns the scientists at present? A. The high cost of cleaning up space. B. The increasing risk of space debris. C. The safety of communication systems. D. The practical effects of new technologies. What did some econo

9、mists suggest to solve the problem mentioned in the text? A. Strengthening control over space stations. B. Allowing companies to use space for free. C. Charging satellite operators orbital use. D. Using advanced devices to collect space debris. Why does Christopher Burgess think the economists idea

10、could be tricky? A. It would lead to an argument. B. It would eventually be rejected. C. It is impossible to carry it out. D. It is hard to put it into practice. BAs one of the most incredible living things on this planet, the Great Barrier Reef is struggling to stay alive. Tourism, pollution, and s

11、pecies that feed on coral have all contributed to the Great Barrier Reefs decline. However, the biggest thing threatening the reef is climate change, because the coral can only survive in water thats within a narrow temperature range. When sea temperatures rise above that range, it causes the algae(

12、海藻) that live within its tissues to break away, which leads to a process called coral bleaching(白化现象). Coral bleaching is so disastrous to the life of the reef because the coral has a symbiotic relationship with the algae. The coral gets about 90 percent of its energy from the algae. Without it, the

13、 coral simply cant survive. Sadly, there have been several coral bleaching events in recent years. Scientists have been trying to come up with ways to save the reef before its too late. With the help of Peter Newman, director of the Marine Ecology Research Centre at Southern Cross University, Matthe

14、w Harrison, an engineering and robotics professor at the Queensland University of Technology in Australia managed to make a special quantity. “The reduced number of corals means weve lost the ability for coral to provide enough larvae(幼体) to settle and restore these communities quickly. We need a mo

15、re efficient larval delivery process onto the damaged reef areas, so the LavalBot concept developed from discussions with Matthew.” Newman told NBC News. “The idea is to use an automated technique that allows us to target delivery of the larvae into damaged reef systems so that new coral communities

16、 can be generated,” Newman said about their joint effort. In November of 2018, the team put their plan into action. The project is particularly promising because the larvae are considered heat resistant. But the root cause of global warming still needs to be addressed to save not only the reef syste

17、ms around the world but all other delicate ecosystems. What relationship between the coral and the algae can be inferred from paragraph 2? A. They rely on each other. B. The coral feeds on the algae. C. They provide energy for each other. D. The algae cant survive without the coral. What can we lear

18、n from the passage? A. LavalBot can help deliver the coral babies massively. B. LavalBot is the only way to save the reef successfully. C. New coral communities can be generated automatically. D. Matthew Harrison managed to make LarvalBot independently. What is the authors attitude towards LavalBot?

19、 A. Doubtful. B. Objective. C. Indifferent. D. Positive. CYou must have been amused by videos of dogs waving tails happily at their owners home-coming greetings, or pictures of cats looking so guilty after making the house a mess. A variety of domestic animals can distinguish between their owners vo

20、ice and the voices of others, and can even detect changes in tone. But whether wild animals can recognize individual humans is a bit unclear. A new study led by Roberta Salmi is the first to show that wild gorillas, too, are able to recognize familiar human voices based on their relationship with th

21、e speaker. Over the course of about six months, the researchers played the gorillas audio recordings of three groups: long-term keepers who knew and worked with the gorillas for at least four years and had positive relationships with them；people who the gorillas knew and had negative interactions wi

22、th, including vets and the service workers; and people who were unfamiliar to the animals. All the participants said the same phrase, “Good morning. Hello,” which is how keepers typically greet the gorillas. The gorillas had the least reactions to the voices of their keepers. However, when they hear

23、d the voices of people they didnt know or with whom theyd had negative experiences, the gorillas responded with signs of vigilance. They stopped eating their treats or whatever else they were doing and started looking toward the sound to judge whether the voices were a threat. “Its something we do t

24、oo,” said Salmi, “If its not a threatening sound, I keep doing my own business. If I hear that there is someone in my house, I immediately stop what Im doing to hear whats going on.”If wild gorillas are able to distinguish by voice and have different reactions to humans, according to whether they ar

25、e hunters or researchers, it would be extremely helpful. “They know when something is wrong and can try to hide or escape danger,” Salmi said. “It would help me sleep better to know that researchers arent making the gorillas become easier targets to hunters.”Why does the author mention dogs and cats

26、 in paragraph 1? A. To praise how clever dogs and cats can be. B. To raise a question for the upcoming research. C. To show the close bond between home animals and humans. D. To imply the difference between domestic and wild animals. In the study, the gorillas dont react much to their keepers greeti

27、ng because _. A. they dont get along wellB. they feel bored with their keepersC. they have got used to their voicesD. they are unfamiliar with their keepersWhat does the underlined word “vigilance” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Anger. B. Anxiety. C. Caution. D. Disappointment. What does the result of the

28、study show? A. Further research on gorillas are needed. B. Gorillas can be taught to distinguish human voices. C. Wild gorillas have the ability to protect themselves. D. Researchers can stop hunters from doing harm to gorillas. 第二节（共1小题；每小题15分，满分15分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Are you

29、 interested in attracting good luck and experiencing more success in your life? In this article, well show you how to use positive thinking to create your opportunities and attract good fortune. Define luck for yourself. Your desires serve as the roots of “luck”. One person might feel most lucky in

30、passing an exam while another person in scoring her first hole. 11 If you feel unlucky, maybe it is because you have not identified what you want to be doing. Be bold. The “unlucky” are often experts in making themselves comfortable and safe, but achieve little. 12 It takes courage to accept failure

31、 as a shortlived misfortune. Instead of wasting time avoiding tough situations, they would come up with reasons to act. See challenges as opportunities to succeed. Youve just been offered an exciting but strikingly new responsibility at work? Take it with passion. Youve been asked to speak in front

32、of a huge crowd of people? Write a great speech. 13 14 Unlucky people owe luck to accident, applying it as a chance to make excuses. Lucky people, however, build it into more good fortune. The only difference between the lucky and the unlucky, as reported, was that the former kept an eye out for luc

33、k, and the unluckygiven the exact same advantagemissed it. Work hard. Sow the seeds of luck with labor. If youre working twice as hard at work, your work will be twice as good, and youll tend to feel twice as lucky for having it done. 15 For example, dont worry about everything youve got to do for t

34、he rest of the week on Monday and just think about this moment. A. Take advantage of good fortune. B. Dont make excuses to deal with bad luck. C. Feeling lucky is to recognize your deep desires. D. They are not brave enough to concentrate on regular actions. E. Treat terrifying moments as chances, n

35、ot as hopeless difficulties. F. Try to focus on doing one thing at a time and doing it extremely well. G. But people who feel lucky put themselves in situations where they may fail. 第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 完形填空（共1小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A, B, C, D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A fe

36、w weeks ago, I called an Uber to take me to the Boston airport for a flight home for the holidays. As I slid into the back _16_ of the car, the warm intonations(语调) of the drivers accent washed over me in a _17_ way. Then I _18_ that he was a recent West African immigrant with a few young children t

37、o _19_. As the daughter of two Ethiopian immigrants who made intense effort to _20_ my success, I feel naturally close to him. I told him I was on a college _21_ and headed home to visit my parents. Thats how he found out I went to Harvard. His _22_ eyes glinted at me in the rearview window, and qui

38、ckly we crossed the boundaries(边界) of rider and driver, I seemingly becoming his _23_. And then came the fateful question: “_24_ do you study?” I answered “history and literature” and the pride in his voice _25_, as I knew it might. I didnt even get to add “and African-American studies” before he cu

39、t in, with a voice thick with _26_, “All that work to get into Harvard, and you study history?”In his view, I knew, I was _27_ the biggest opportunity of my life. He went on to deliver the age-old _28_ that all immigrant kids know. We are supposed to become doctors or lawyers to make money and send

40、money back home. Contained in his plain words, the unspoken lesson, taught across _29_, is simple: Fulfill your role in the story of _30_ mobility along the social ladder so your children can do the same. I used to feel _31_ and backed into a corner by the questioning, _31_ now as a junior in colleg

41、e, Im grateful for their support more than anything. This holiday season, Ive promised myself I wont get annoyed at their _32_. And I wont defensively respond with “but I plan to go to law school!” When I get unrequested _34_. Ill just smile and nod, and enjoy the _35_ of the occasion. A. seatB. tru

42、nkC. cornerD. partA. uniqueB. familiarC. strangeD. freshA. understoodB. guessedC. recalledD. learnedA. care aboutB. worry aboutC. bring upD. rely onA. ensureB. involveC. proveD. expectA. projectB. testC. breakD. tripA. approvingB. puzzledC. determinedD. doubtfulA. passengerB. daughterC. fanD. heroA.

43、 WhereB. HowC. WhenD. WhatA. roseB. fadedC. appearedD. remainedA. disappointmentB. excitementC. embarrassmentD. amusementA. takingB. creatingC. wastingD. offeringA. promiseB. conversationC. lectureD. orderA. countriesB. peersC. communitiesD. generationsA. upwardB. downwardC. backwardD. outwardA. cur

44、iousB. anxiousC. pessimisticD. surprisedA. andB. soC. orD. butA. answersB. questionsC. discussionD. supportA. newsB. favorC. demandD. adviceA. silenceB. reliefC. warmthD. luck第卷第二节（共1小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。When Jane Austen wrote her novels in England, she was writing about

45、 a world most of us wouldnt recognize. But today Austens books are in greater demand than ever. In the last 10 years, five of her six novels 36 (make) into Hollywood films, while her books continue to be 37 (best-seller). Richard Jenkyns, 38 university professor of English at Oxford, argues that her

46、 novels still appeal 39 people because they focus on issues that are as relevant today as they were when she wrote 40 . Her novels are about women 41 (try) to find a perfect husband, but also explore issues surrounding marriage, friendships and the family. The stories are fairly timeless about human

47、 interaction 42 we are all familiar with. The 43 (famous) book Austen wrote is Pride and Prejudice, a love story about Elizabeth Bennett and Mr. Darcy. They gradually fall in love with each other, 44 still have to overcome the opposition from the family. All of Austens books, 45 (accept) widely all

48、over the world, work on different levels so people can take what they need from them, making them popular with both children and adults. 第三部分 基础知识（共三节，满分10分） 第一节 单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 根据中文提示用一个单词填入下列句子，使句意完整。Lets work together to build up a _ (和谐的) society. As we all know, the newly learnt words w

49、ill soon be forgotten unless they are _ (频繁地) used. On reaching the airport, Zhong Nanshan was welcomed by a crowd of _ (热情的) people. Our heartfelt _ (同情) goes out to the victims of the war. I was curious about the reason why you made an _ (约会) with the client. The competition was _ (赞助) by a local

50、company. Every one stood up to _ (鼓掌) his unforgettable act of courage. He got up and _ (拖拽) his chair towards the table. As active _ (参与者) in various volunteer work, they have rich experience. The businessman is looking for _ (充满活力的) persons to be salesmen. 第二节 短语填空（共1小题；每小题10分，满分10分） 用所给短语的恰当形式填入下

51、列句子，使其意义完整。有两个短语多余。turn out in hand attend to turn downon behalf of in response to be made up ofLife _ ups and downs, so it is essential for us to put ourselves in a good mood. Our monitor gave a speech _ all the athletes at the school sports meeting. The university _ Albert Einstein due to his low

52、scores in the general part of the entrance exam. People donated food and money actively _ the appeal by the local government. A great number of nurses spent much time _ the patients during the COVID19 epidemic. 第三节 补全句子（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据中文提示和所给的英文部分完成下列句子。拐角处突然窜出一只猫，把这个孩子吓坏了，就像见到了怪兽一样。Out of the corner _, which frightened the little kid as if he _. 要参加重要的会议，布朗先生匆忙去了办公室，剩下桌子上的食物一点都没动。With an important meeti