Unit 3 Family matters 语法动词时态讲义-高中英语外研版（2019）必修第一册

1、2022新教材-外研版-必修一Unit 3 Family matters（动词时态：一般现在时+现在进行时+现在完成时+一般过去时+一般将来时）附课堂练习题（一）：一般现在时（1）表示经常发生或习惯性的动作以及存在的状态。常与表示频率的时间状语连用，如 usually，often，always，sometimes，never，every day，once a week等。.He always goes to work by subway，他总是乘地铁去上班。（2）表示客观事实或普遍真理，也用在格言中。Light travels faster than sound.光比声音传播得快。.Pride

2、 goes before a fall.骄傲使人落后。（3）表示按计划或时间表将要发生的事，其后常跟表示将来的时间状语。The plane takes off at 4 pm飞机下午4点起飞。.When does the school begin？学校什么时候开学？（4）表示主语现在的特征、性格或状态。Jenny loves music，珍妮喜欢音乐。She lives in a small apartment.她住在一套小公寓里。（5）一些表示心理意识的动词，如know，understand，remember等，无进行时，只能用一般现在时表示现在发生的具体行为。I still remembe

3、r the frightening experience on the island. 我仍然记得在那个岛上的可怕经历。（6）在时间和条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。Ill think about it when I write my report.我写报告时会对此予以考虑的。 If he comes, Ill let you know as soon as possible.如果他来的话，我会尽快让你知道。（二）：现在进行时（1）表示说话时正在进行的动作。常与now，right now，at present， at the moment等时间状语及look，listen等标志词连

4、用。We are waiting for the subway at the moment.我们现在正在等地铁。Listen！ Somebody is singing.听！有人在唱歌。（2）表示现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定在进行的动作。常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如 these days，this week等。How are you getting on with your classmates these days? 这些天你和同班同学相处得如何？We are studying French this semester.我们这学期学习法语。（3）某些非延续性动词可以用现在进行时表示即将发生的动

5、作。常用的这类动词有 come，go，leave，arrive，start，finish， die等。这时句中一般有表示将来的时间状语。They are leaving by train tonight.他们今晚坐火车走。We are starting work at eight oclock next month.下个月我们将八点开始上班。（4）表达特定的感情色彩。现在进行时常与always，continually，constantly，forever 等表示频率的副词连用，表示重复的动作，常含有厌烦、不满、抱怨、赞扬等感情色彩。试比较：She is always scolding her

6、children.她总是训斥自己的孩子。（不满）She always scolds her children.她总是训斥自己的孩子。（事实）He is constantly doing good work at school.他在学校总是成绩优秀。（赞扬）He does good work at school.他在学校成绩优秀。（事实）【学法点拨】些表示看法、认识、意识、感觉、情感、愿望或某种状态的动词一般不用于现在进行时， 如be，belong，believe，find，hate，hear，like，love，wish等。 一些动词既可表示状态又可表示动作，如feel等，表示状态时不可用于现

7、在进行时，表示动作时可用于现在进行时。（三）：现在完成时（1）表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。常与 already，just，yet，before，recently，so far，ever，never， once等连用。They have already learned two languages.他们已经学会了两种语言。He hasnt made a remark on the structure yet.他尚未对该结构发表评论。I have seen the linguist only once this year.我今年只见过那位语言学家一次。（2）表示从过去某一时间开始

8、持续到现在的动作或状态。常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如 so far，up to now，for along time,for years,since 2010, in the past/last five years, these days等。Tom and Mary have been friends for years. 汤姆和玛丽是多年的朋友。He has lived in London since 2000.自2000年以来他就住在伦敦。How many words have you learned these days? 这些天你学会了多少单词？（3）在时间和条件状语从句中代替将来

9、完成时。Ill go to the party as soon as I have finished my homework. 我一完成家庭作业就去参加聚会。I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.除非亲眼看到，否则我是不会相信你的。（4）在“ThisIt is the firstsecondtime that”句式中， that从句用现在完成时。Its the first time that I have come to Harvard University. 这是我第一次来哈佛大学。【学法点拨】现在完成时强

10、调过去发生的动作与现在的联系，如对现在产生的结果或影响，它着眼于现在，通常不与具体的过去的时间状语连用。He has given up smoking, but a year ago he smoked 60 cigarettes a week他已经戒烟了，但一年前他一周抽60支烟。非延续性动词，如open，go，come，die，leave，arrive， begin，return，stop等，其现在完成时的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，需要用相应的延续性动词替换。他离开这儿已经三年了。He has left here for three years.(x)He has been aw

11、ay from here for three years.(V)He left here three years ago.(V)It is three years since he left here.(V)havehas gone to 到某地去了（现在还没有回来）havehas been to 去过某地（现在已经回来了）He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了。He has been to Beijing twice.他去过北京两次了。（四）一般过去时（1）表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。He offered his seat to an old man.他把他

12、的座位让给了一位老人。I had a nice encounter with that girl last week.上周我与那个女孩有一次美丽的邂逅。（2）表示过去某一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。When I was a teenager, I played table tennis almost every day.我十几岁时，几平每天都打乒乓球。（3）在时间和条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.他们说如果听到关于他的任何消息，他们就通知我们。【误区警示】一般过去

13、时与现在完成时的区别：这两种时态都谈论过去已发生的事，但现在完成时表示的动作与现在有联系，或者对现在有影响；而一般过去时单纯谈论过去的事，与现在没有联系。Tom ate an apple.和Tom has eaten an apple.以上两句都表示“汤姆吃了一个苹果”。但前者仅说明一个过去的动作，而后者则强调这一动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，说明他现在不饿或不渴。Mr Smith lived in Beijing for five years.史密斯先生在北京住过五年。（现在不住在北京）Mr Smith has lived in Beijing for five years.史密斯先生已经在

14、北京住了五年了。（现在仍住在北京）（五）一般将来时一般将来时由“shallwill动词原形”构成，表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow，next week，in thefuture， in a few days 等时间状语连用。I shall leave for London tomorrow.我明天要去伦敦。A simple test will show if this is real gold.一个简单的测试将会证明这是不是真金。此外，还有以下表达法：（1） be going to do 结构表示打算、计划、安排做某事或有迹象表明要发生某事。What are you goi

15、ng to do during the summer holiday? 暑假期间你打算做什么？Look at the dark clouds! It is going to rain.瞧那些乌云！就要下雨了。（2） be about to do 结构表示即将发生的动作，一般不与具体的时间状语连用。Be quiet! The lecture is about to start.安静！讲座马上就要开始了。（3） be to do 结构表示按照约定、职责、义务或要求等即将发生的动作。We are to meet at the school gate.我们约好在校门口见。【误区警示】表将来的“be不定

16、式”结构与不定式作表语英语中，“不定式作表语”和表将来的“be不定式”结构是两个不同的概念。下面看两个句子：Her job is to look after the children.她的工作是照顾这些孩子。He is to stay here until we return.在我们回来之前他要待在这里。第一个是“不定式作表语”；第二个是表将来的“be不定式”结构。我们用最简单的方法进行区分，请看这两个句子：Her job is to look after the children.她的工作是照顾这些孩子。（主语和表语可互换位置，句意不变）She is to look after the ch

17、ildren.她将要照料这些孩子。（表将来，可能是安排的任务）课堂练习1一、单句语法填空：1. After hard work, he finally_(fix) the car engine.2. Dont give up, and the opportunity_(wait)for us!3. I wasnt able to hide my eagerness when I_（ask），“What do you wish me to do now？4. The teacher_(select) five students to be volunteers so far.5. As you

18、go through this book, you_(find)that the author is full of enthusiasm for life.6. We wont start the debate until all the preparations _(make).7. Every Sunday night, it usually_(take)me half an hour to write a journal.8. In the last few years, thousands of public welfare organizations_(set)up.9.-I th

19、ought I had reminded you to take out the rubbish. -Oh, I forgot. I_（do）it right now.10. This song sounds professional. Lets go upstairs and see who_(sing).11. He is going to visit the famous author as soon as he_(arrive) in Beijing.12. This is the first time I_(come) to Rizhao and the delicious seaf

20、ood makes an impression on me.13.My brother_(play) badminton quite well, but he_（not play）it since last year.14. The little girl is very happy, because she (approve) by the committee.15. Orientation Day will be put off if it_(rain). 答案：1.fixed 2.is waiting 3.asked4.has selected 5.will find 6.have be

21、en made7.takes8.have been set 9.will do 10.is singing11.arrives 12.have come 13.plays;hasnt played14. has been approved15.rains 课堂练习2二、单句翻译：1.Mr Smith_ _ _（总是在修）hissculptures when I go to see him on Sundays.2.Once you graduate from technical school, you_ _ _ _ _ （操作没有困难）the machine.3.The new apartment building is similar to those that _ _ _ _（已经建好）.4. Youd better write down the lines of the character _ _ _ _（趁着你还没忘记它们）.5.This is the first time we _ _ _ _（看电影）in the cinema together to observe my sisters birthday.答案：1.is always repairing 2. will have no difficulty operating3.ha