初升高英语衔接班第6讲

1、一.本周教学内容初升高英语衔接班第6讲再看宾语从句及初谈直接引语与间接引语二.重、难点（一）宾语从句宾语从句是名词性从句之一，在谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、分词、动名词之后都可带有宾语从句。某些形容词（如：sure,happy,glad,certain,pleased等）之后也可以带有宾语从句。1由that引导的宾语从句：that引导的是一个陈述句，在宾语从句中只起连接的作用，没有含义，也不在从句中充当任何成份，因而在口语和非正式场合常可以省略，这一点请大家区分一下引导定语从句的that,这两种情况是很不相同的，不可混淆。egIthinkthatitisnecessaryforthepeopl

2、eshealthtogetridofthepollutionofnoise我认为消除噪音污染对人们的健康是必要的。Hearingthathissonwasbadlywounded,herushedtothehospitaltoseehim他听说儿子受了重伤,急忙赶到医院去看望他。Themotherlikessayingthatshehasagooddaughter母亲喜欢说她有一个好女儿。Iamsure（that）shewilllikethepresent我确信她会喜欢这个礼物的。Weareglad（that）somanyoldfriendswillcometoourparty我们很高兴这么多

3、老朋友要来参加我们的聚会。TheheadmastersaidthatwewouldvisitthesciencemuseumthenextSunday校长说下周日我们将去参观科学博物馆。Ourteacherofphysicssuggestedthatwe（should）trytomakesomeelectronictoysourselves我们的物理老师建议我们自己应试着做一些电动玩具。注意：在suggest,demand,order,insist等表示“要求；建议”等的动词之后的宾语从句中，谓语用“动词原形或should+动词原形”结构。2由whether，if引导的宾语从句，它们引导的是一

4、般疑问句，在从句中有含义（是否），不充当成份，不可以省去。一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但有的情况下只能用whether，不可用if：（1）当后接不定式时，只能用whether，不能用if。（2）用于句首时不可用if，只能用whether表示“是否”。（3）后面有ornot时，只可以用whether，不能用if。当然if还有“如果”之意，弓I导条件状语从句，而whether则无此功能。egIwanttoknowwhether（if）youcanrepairtherecorderforme.我想知道你能否帮我修录音机。精心整理Sheaskedwhether（if）therewerea

5、nychemistsshopsinthisstreet.她问这条街上有没有药房。3.由who，what，how，which，whose，where，when，why等引导的宾语从句。如：Pleasetellmewhocamefirstthismorning.请告诉我今天早晨谁第一个来的。ThereporterwilltalktousaboutwhathesawandheardinJapan.这个记者要给我们谈谈他在日本的见闻。Thelistenersweremuchinterestedinhowthemanbecameanartist.听众对于他是如何成为艺术家的事情非常感兴趣。Pleases

6、howmewhichbusIshouldtaketogettothePeoplesPark.请您指点一下，我到人民公园应乘哪路公共汽车。Iwanttoknowwhosepenisleftonthetableinthereadingroom.我想知道谁的笔落在阅览室的桌子上了。Doyouknowwherethemuseumis?你知道这个博物馆在哪儿吗？PleasetellmewhenEinsteinwontheNobelPrizeforphysics.请告诉我爱因斯坦什么时候获得诺贝尔物理学奖金的。Pleaseexplaintomewhyheavyobjectsandlightobjectsf

7、allatthesamespeed.请给我解释一下，为什么重的物体和轻的物体下落速度是一样的。宾语从句的时态：把握宾语从句的时态要知道其时态是由主句决定的，当主句为现在的时态时，从句根据自身的需要选用任一个时态；当主句为过去时的时候，从句也要用过去的一种时态，但此时要注意：如果从句表示的是客观真理，则仍使用一般现在时，不可换为过去时。另外，我们要注意区分客观真理与一般性的事实。如“他昨天告诉我他的哥哥是个医生。”这句话中的从句表示的就属于一般性事实，这时的从句应用过去时，但在口语或非正式的场合下，也有使用一般现在时的情况，正式、规范的英文还是要变成过去时，说成Hetoldmethathisbr

8、otherwasadoctoryesterday.注意宾语从句的语序：在引导词后面的从句都应为陈述句语序，而不可以是一般疑问句的顺序。6另外还要注意由what，where，how引导的宾语从句，当主句的主语与从句的主语相同时可转换成“疑问词+动词不定式”的简单句形式。如：IamnotsurewhichsweaterIshouldchoose.=Iamnotsurewhichsweatertochoose.（二）初谈直接引语与间接引语概述：说话人在转述别人的话时，可以一字不差地加以引用，被引用的话在语法上叫做直接引语。如：Johnsaid，“IamgoingtoLondonnextweek.”约

9、翰说：“下周我将要去伦敦。”Shesaid,“Wehaveenoughtimetofinishthework.”她说：“我们有足够的时间完成这项工作。”说话人用自己的话转述别人的话时，可以对原话有所更动，这叫做间接引语。如：JohnsaidthathewasgoingtoLondonthenextweek.约翰说他下周要去伦敦。Shesaidthattheyhadenoughtimetofinishthework.精心整理她说他们有足够的时间完成这项工作。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。各种句式的变化：(1)陈述句：直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时

10、，用连词that引导(that在口语中常省略)，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语等要做相应的变化如：Hesaidtome,“IbrokeyourCDplayer”fHetoldmethathehadbrokenmyCDplayer.Shesaid，“Illgotheretomorrow”fShesaidthatshewouldcomeherethenext/followingday.Hesaid,“Thesebooksaremine”fHesaidthatthosebookswerehis.Shesaid,“Illcomeherethisafternoon”fShesaidthatshe

11、wouldgotherethatafternoon.Hesaid,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound”fHesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.(注意：直接引语若是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变)(2)疑问句：一般疑问句：要用连词whether或if引导。主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked。没有间接宾语时，可以加一个间接宾语(me,him或us等)。如：Hesaid,“AreyouinterestedinEnglish?”fHeasked(me)ifIwasinterestinEnglish.特殊疑问句：

12、仍用原来的疑问词引导。如：“WhatcanIdoforyou?”heaskedmefHeasked(me)whathecoulddoforme.祈使句：转述祈使句时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式前面根据句子的意思加上tell,ask,order等动词，其句型是：tell/ask/ordersb.(not)todosth.。如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加上not。如：“Makesurethedoorisshut,”shesaidtoherlittlesonfShetoldherlittlesontomakesurethedoorwasshut.“Dontsmokein

13、theroom,”hesaidtomefHetoldmenottosmokeintheroom.【典型例题】例1Ithinkitsgoingtobeabigproblem(2002北京春季)Yes,itcouldbe.Iwonderwecandoaboutit.ifB.howC.whatD.that答案：选择Co评析：直接引语和间接引语都是宾语。本题考查宾语从句的引导词问题,根据题意，需要一个既能引导宾语从句又能在宾语从句中作do的宾语的词。因此C为正确选择。例2Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee.(2000上海)A.whoisheB.whoheisC.w

14、hoisitD.whoitis答案：D精心整理评析：宾语从句要用陈述句语序。当不清楚所谈到的人是男是女时，要用代词it,不用she或he。例3Quiteafewpeopleusedtobelievethatdisasterifamirrorwasbroken.（2002上海）A.wassureofstrikingB.wassureofhavingstruckC.wassuretobestruckD.wassuretostrike答案：D评析：本句意为“过去很多人相信如果镜子碎了之后灾难就会降临。”用besuretodo的句型,此处的strike为不及物动词。例4Whatdoesshewant?

15、Idontknowwhat.A.doesshewantB.didshewantC.shewantedD.shewants答案：D评析：宾语从句的语序应为陈述句语序，因而排除A、B,而由问句的时态及主句的时态判断应为一般现在时,故选D。例5Idontknowifshe.Butifshe,Illletyouknow.A.willcome,comesB.willcome,willcomeC.comes,comesD.comes,willcome答案：选择A评析if可引导两种从句，宾语从句（第一个if）和条件状语从句（第二个if）,宾语从句时态由主句决定,而条件状语从句符合“主将从现”的要求,故选A。

16、【模拟试题】综合练习（一）GreatWallislongestwallintheworld.A.The,theB.A,aC.The,aD.A,theIsthisyourbedroom?No,itsroom.A.thechildrenB.thechildrensC.ofthechildrenD.achildrens3ThewaterbehindtheThreeGorgesDam（三峡大坝）shouldbehigherthandownstream（下游）Asixty-fivemeterBsixty-fifthmeterCsixty-fivemetersDsixty-fifthmeters4Hesp

17、okeveryfastandverypeopleunderstoodwhathesaidAlittleBalittleCfewDafew5childrenthereareinafamily,theirlifewillbeATheless,thebetterBThefewer,thebetterCFewer,richerDMore,poorer6didyoulikethetriptoHainan?ItwaswonderfulAWhenBHowCWhereDWhat7TaiwanisthesoutheastofChinaAinBtoConDat8Hewasridingtoschoolhewashi

18、tbyacarthismorningAwhileBwhenCasDso9Itakesomephotosinthehall?精心整理精心整理A.Can,needntB.Must,mustntC.Could,wontD.May,mustntYoudbettertosendmeanemailwhenyougethome.A.nottoforgetB.dontforgetC.tonotforgetD.notforgetHowabouttothecinemaonSunday?A.goB.togoC.goingD.willgoWhenIwasatcollegeIthreeforeignlanguages,

19、butIallexceptforafewwordsofeach.A.spoke,hadforgottenB.spoke,haveforgottenC.hadspoken,hadforgottenD.hadspoken,haveforgottenThepolicefoundthatthehouseandalotofthings.A.hasbrokeninto,hasbeenstolenB.hadbrokeninto,hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto,stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto,hadbeenstolen14.Ourforeignteache

20、rwillgobackforChristmas.Wewillgoandherattheairporttomorrow.A.sayhellotoB.saysorrytoC.saygoodbyetoD.sayexcusetoMarysbrotherhadatalkatschoolyesterdayafternoon,?A.hadheB.hadntheC.didheD.didntheJennyandherparentsgoingtovisitthePalaceMuseumtomorrow.A.isB.amC.areD.beMum?MayIgooutandplaybasketball?youyourh

21、omeworkyet?A.Do,finishB.Are,finishingC.Did,finishD.Have,finishedExcuseme,tothenearestbookshop,please?Gostraightandtakethesecondturningontheleft.A.wherethewayisB.whichthewayisC.whereisthewayD.whichisthewayThisdresswaslastyearsstyle.?Ithinkitstilllooksperfectithasgoneoutthisyear.A.sothatB.eventhoughC.

22、asifD.eversinceTheressomeoneatthedoor.Canyougoandseewhois?A.heB.sheC.thatD.itThatstheonlythingcantbeforgotteninmylife.A.thatB.whichC.whoD./“NightingalPrize”isfor.A.workersB.scientistsC.doctorsD.nursesImsorry.ImistookyouforLucy.?.A.NotatallB.Imsorry,tooC.ItsapleasureD.ThatsallrightJimandIwillgotothep

23、ostofficethisafternoon.?.gotogether?A.SoIdo,WhydontB.SodoI,WhataboutC.SoIwill,HowaboutD.SowillI,Shallwe综合练习（二）1.Ihopeyoullhavegoodtimeatparty.A.a,/B.an,theC.a,aD.a,the2.Themarketisntfarfromhere.Itsonlybicycleride.A.halfanhoursB.halfanhoursC.halfanhourD.anhourandahalf3.Iwas8yearsoldwhenmyfatherwas31.

24、Thisyearmyfatheristwicemyage.HowoldamI?A.21.B.22.C.23.D.24.4.WhichofthetwoEnglishdictionarieswillyoubuy?Illbuyofthem,soIcangiveonetomyfriend,Helen.A.eitherB.neitherC.allD.both5.Itwillbebadforyourhealthtoeatfoodandtakeexercise.A.fewer,moreB.more,lessC.little,muchD.less,more6.Twofishermensawintheskywh

25、iletheywerefishingbyalake.A.somethingstrangeB.anythingstrangeC.strangesomethingD.strangeanything7.,Chinawillsendupaspaceshipwithpeopleintospace.A.BeforelongB.SoforC.FromthenonD.Longbefore8.Thebookwassointerestingthathereaditforthreehoursherealizedit.A.whenB.untilC.afterD.before9.WheresBob?Hehasgonet

26、oPariswithhissister.Hebebackintwoweeks.A.hastoB.willC.shouldD.must10.Hello!Wouldyouliketogototheconcertwithmetonight?A.letB.allowC.offerD.askBettywasheardinherbedroom.A.singB.singsC.singingD.sangAlice,whydidntyoucomeyesterday?I,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.didTheChineseCommun

27、istPartyinShanghaiin1921.A.wasfoundB.foundC.wasfoundedD.foundedTheyoungmanbrokehisarmintheaccidentandhadtohisjob.A.sendupB.putupC.giveupD.getupMyunclethePartyin1970.Heforover28years.A.joined,hasjoinedthePartyB.joined,hasbeenaPartymemberC.hasjoined,hasbeeninthePartyD.hasjoined,isinthePartyTherewillbe

28、avolleyballmatchinourschool,?A.bethereB.isthereC.willthereD.wontthereWhatsontheplate?Theresomebreadonit.A.isB.areC.hasD.haveThescientistknowstwolanguages.HecanspeakEnglishFrench.A.either,orB.neither,norC.both,andD.so,thatCouldyoutellme?精心整理A.whichroomhelivesB.whichroomhelivedC.whichroomdidheliveinD.

29、whichroomhelivesinNomatterbusyheis,hewontgiveuphishobby.A.whereB.howC.whatD.who21.InthestreetImetthescientistgaveusatalklastweek.A.heB.whichC.whoD.whatYoucanfindthefollowingINSTRUCTIONSon.KEEPINACOLDPLACEA.foodB.moneyC.clothesD.booksWouldyoulikesomemorechicken?.Imfull.A.Yes,pleaseB.No,thanksC.Yes,Iw

30、ouldD.No,IwouldntWhoissinginginthenextroom?isMaryssister.A.ThisB.SheC.HeD.It综合练习（三）1.Ilikeplayingfootballandmysisterlikesplayingpiano.A./,theB./,/C.the,theD.a,the2.Lastnight,therewasafoodaccident.Tenwereill,butnowerelost.A.child,livesB.children,lifeC.children,livesD.child,lifeThedoctorworkedforafter

31、twelveoclock.A.twomorehoursB.twoanotherhourC.moretwohoursD.anothertwohourWhenshallwemeetagainnexttime?dayisOK.A.EitherB.NeitherC.NoneD.AnyWouldyoupleasesayit?Istillcantfollowyou.A.loudlyB.slowlyC.moreloudlyD.moreslowlyshallwemeetinthepark?Whatabouthalfpasteight?A.WhatB.WhenC.WhereD.WhichEitherBoborP

32、eterwatchingthe17thWorldCupnow.A.isB.areC.amD.beYouwillbeabletogetgoodmarks.A.whileyouaredoingyourhomeworkbyyourselfifyoudosomerevisioneverydaybeforeyoubegintostudyharduntilyoufollowyourteachersadviceDontforgettopostthisletterforme,please.?No,I.A.dontB.wontC.mustntD.cant10.Iprefertooffermoremoneyfor

33、abettercomputerlessforthisone.A.topayingB.topayC.nottopayD.ratherthanpayKatespentmostofherfreetimeTVplays.精心整理精心整理A.watchB.watchedC.towatchD.watchingGreatchangesinmyhometownsinceliberation.A.havebeentakenplaceB.tookplaceC.havetakenplaceD.weretakenplaceThewaterwillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures.

34、A.willbetakenB.aretakenC.weretakenD.hadbeentakenTheythenewspaperwhenIwentintotheirroom.A.werereadingB.arereadingC.havereadD.willreadAgainandagainthedoctorthecryinggirl,butthecouldntfindoutwhatwaswrongwithher.A.lookedoverB.lookedafterC.lookedforD.lookedatThereislittlemilkinthebottle,?A.isntitB.isitC.

35、isntthereD.isthereDoyouknowwheremyteacherlives?Shelives150KenmingRoad.A.at,inB.at,onC.on,atD.in,at,howmanybookshaveyouread?.BecauseImbusythesedays.A.Lastyear,AfewB.Sofar,FewC.Twodayslater,SomanyD.Lastweek,ManyafewIhearwellhaveanewteacherthisterm.?Really?Doyouknow?A.whatsubjectdoesheteachB.whatsubjectwillheteachC.whatsubjectheteachesD.whatsubjectishegoingtoteachTomwillcometoseeusheisfreetomorrow.A.ifB.untilC.whileD.asThepolicecaughtthemanstolemyhandbag.A.heB.thatC.whomD.whichEnglishpeopleuseMr.beforeamansfirstname.A.neverB.usuallyC.oftenD.sometime