中考英语语法复习被动语态语法专项讲义

1、 被动语态一、语态分类英语中时态很多,但语态不多,只有两种,即：主动语态和被动语态。所谓“被动语态”,相当于中文中常说的“被”、“由” 的句式。二、被动语态的结构“被动语态”的构成是：be + 过去分词 + (by+动作执行者) 例：His bicycle was stolen.他的自行车被偷。The building has been built in 2000.那个大楼 2000 年就被建筑了。三、常用被动语态的用法及构成类别构成例句一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are + 过去分词He is loved by all his pupils.一般过去时的被动语态was/were + 过去

2、分词Many trees were planted last year.一般将来时的被动语态will/shall/be going to + be + 过去分词Children will be taken good care of by her现在完成时的被动语态have/has + been + 过去分词The door has been painted.含情态动词的被动语态can/must/should + be 过去分词The problem must be solved soon.四、主动语态变被动语态的方法转换图示：主动语态：They planted a tree.主语 谓语 宾语被

3、动语态：A tree was planted by them.宾语变主语/ be+过去分词/主语变为by五、使用被动语态的情况（1）不知道动作的执行者是谁。例：Rice is grown in the south of China.（2）没有必要指出动作的执行者。例：Smoking isnt allowed in the gas station.（3）需要强调和突出动作的承受着。例：Your work must be finished today.（4）句子的主语时物。例：Many houses were washed away by the flood.六、主动结构表被动的意义情况（1）op

4、en, lock, write, read, sell, clean, watch, cut, burn, drive 等词作不及物动词时,它们的主语为物,可用主动语态表被动意义。例：This kind of pen writes very smoothly.This kind of shirts sells well here.（2）look, sound, taste, smell 等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。例：Uniforms look ugly on us. Mooncakes taste delicious.（3）be worth doing 用主动形式表示被动意义。例：This

5、 book is worth reading.不规则动词变化表A-B-B 型变化动词原形 过去式 过去分词 基本意义bend bent bent 使变曲bring brought brought 带来；引起；产生buy bought bought 购买；采购catch caught caught 接住；抓住；赶上；染上deal dealt dealt 分配；分给dig dug dug 挖（土）；掘地feel felt felt 触摸（某物）；感觉到fight fought fought 搏斗；奋斗；斗争；find found found 发现；找到；get got got/gotten 收到；

6、接到；得到；成为have had had 有；吃；喝；进行；经受hear heard heard 听见；听说；得知hold held held 拿住；抓住；抱；举行keep kept kept 留下；保留；继续lay laid laid 放置；产（卵）leave left left 离开；把留下；剩下Learn learnt/ learned learnt/ learned学；学习；获悉；得知lend lent lent 借出；借给lose lost lost 失去；丧失；损失make made made 做；制作；制造；使得meet met met 遇见；碰见；相遇babysit babys

7、at babysat 照顾婴儿pay paid paid 付钱；给报酬say said said 说，讲sell sold sold 卖；销售shine shone shone 发光；照耀；照射sit sat sat 坐；就座sleep slept slept 睡，睡觉；睡着smell smelt smelt 闻出；嗅；发出气味spend spent spent用（钱）；花（时间）；度过stand stood stood 站立；直立；位于；经受teach taught taught 教，教授；传授tell told told 告诉；讲述；吩咐think thought thought 想，思考

8、，认为understand understood understood 懂；理解；领会win won won 赢；获胜；赢得，获得build built built 建筑，建造feed fed fed 喂养hang hung hung 悬挂，吊sweep swept swept 打扫send sent sent 送，派shoot shot shot 射击spit spat spat 吐（痰）spoil spoilt spoilt 溺爱，损坏，破坏flee fled fled 逃离lead led led 引导；致便；领导mislead misled misled 把引错方向;给带错路mean

9、meant meant 意思是 A-B-A 型变化动词原形 过去式 过去分词 基本含义overcome overcame overcome 克服，战胜become became become 变为，成为come came come 到来；出现run ran run 跑，奔跑；A-B-C 型变化动词原形 过去式 过去分词 基本含义Be was/were been 有；存在；是；成为begin began begun 开始blow blew blown 吹，刮；吹响break broke broken 打破；损坏，撕开choose chose chosen 选择，挑选，选取do did done

10、做，干drink drank drunk 喝；饮drive drove driven 驾驶（车）：驱赶eat ate eaten 吃fall fell fallen 落下；跌落；变为fly flew flown 飞；飞行；forget forgot forgotten 忘记；遗忘；忽视freeze froze frozen （使）结冰；冷冻give gave given 送给；授予；供给；go went gone 去；离去；行驶；到达grow grew grown 变成；生长；发育；种植know knew known 知道，懂得；了解；认识lie lay lain 躺；平卧；平放ride ro

11、de ridden 骑马、自行车等；搭乘ring rang rung （铃等）鸣响；打电话rise rose risen 上升；上涨；起立see saw seen 看见；察觉；领会show showed shown/showed 给看；展出；表明shake shook shaken 颤抖sing sang sung 唱，唱歌speak spoke spoken 说话；会说（语言）；发言steal stole stolen 偷；窃取swim swam swum 游水；游泳take took taken 拿；服用；乘坐；花费throw threw thrown 投，抛，扔，掷wake woke woken 醒，醒来，叫醒wear wore worn 穿，戴write wrote written 写，书写；写作，著述forgive forgave forgiven 原谅hide hid hidden/hid 躲，藏dive dove dived 跳水sink sank sunk/sunken 下沉A-A-A 型动词原形 过去式 过去分词 基本含义cost cost cost 价值为，花费；使付出cut cut cu