高考阅读理解限时训练(科普类)

1、高考阅读理解限时训练（科普类）（附答案）（一）It turns out that overworking your brain with either physical or mental exercise may lower your ability to delay self-satisfaction. And that may set you up for poor choices in your self-care and finances.A new study published Thursday in the journal Current Biology asked excel

2、lent endurance athletes to overtrain for three out of nine weeks, and compared them to a group who did a normal 9-week training program.Not only did those overworked athletes perform worse on a cycling test at the end of the overtraining, MRIs of their brains during behavioral tasks showed more exha

3、ustion in the cognitive control part of the brain system. Cognitive control in this situation is the capacity to maintain exercise despite things like muscle pain, said study author Bastien Blain, a research associate at University College London. And what we found is that there is an intelligence f

4、actor involved in exercising and it has a limited capacity. You cannot use it forever.In other words, your brain will burn out and affect your bodys ability to exercise. But thats not all. Overworking that part of the brain also reduced the athletes abilities to resist temptation of an immediate rew

5、ard. For example, they were asked whether they preferred $10 now or $50 in six months, Blain said. And those who overtrained were more likely to choose the immediate reward, which is interesting. It could provide a mechanism to explain why some athletes are using drugs to improve their performance.O

6、ne caution about the exercise study is that it only looked at endurance athletes, said. Dr. Marc-Andre Cornier, who is associate director of Colorado Universitys Anschutz Health and Wellness Center. This is potentially very important for the higher end athlete who is overdoing it, Cornier said. But

7、does this have anything to do with the average Joe going to the gym? You cant conclude that from this study.What does the underlined word it in the third paragraph refer to?The brain system.B. A limited capacity.C. An intelligence factor. D. The cognitive control.Why did overworked athletes tend to

8、choose the immediate reward?Because they were too eager to succeed.Because all parts of their brain were tired.Because over training led to their bad decisions.Because they took drugs to improve their performance.What is the passage mainly about?A study about self-satisfaction.Negative effects of to

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13、 high and reach a speed of 74 kilometers per hour.Peter Coker is the CEO of Martin Aircraft Company. He said Jetpack is built around safety from the start, In his words, reliability is the most important part of it. We have safety built into the actual structure itself, very similar to a Formula One

14、 racing car.Jetpack uses a gasoline-powered engine that produces two powerful jet streams. Mr. Coker says it also has a parachute降 （ 落伞 ） that can be used should there be an emergency.It opens at a very low altitude and actually saves both the aircraft and the pilot in an emergency, he adds.Which of

15、 the following words can best describe the Hoverbike?Popular.B. Fast.C. Portable. D. Fancy.Who are expected to try the Hoverbike first?People who dream of flying.People who really love cycling.People who design the bike.People who serve public purposes.According to the passage, which of the followin

16、g is TRUE of the Jetpack?It is very likely to get into an emergency.It achieves reliability at the cost of speed.It can fly at a relatively impressive height.It resembles a Formula One racing car in structure.Whats the main concern shared by the two companies?Design.B. Speed.C. Size. D.Safety.（三）Mos

17、quitoes have an extraordinary ability to target humans far away and fly straight to their unprotected skin. Regrettably, mosquitoes can do more than cause an itchy（ 发痒的 ）wound. Some mosquitoes spread several serious diseases, including Dengue, yellow fever and malaria.Over one million people worldwi

18、de die from these diseases each year. New research now shows how mosquitoes choose who to bite.Mosquitoes need blood to survive. They are attracted to human skin and breath. They smell the carbon dioxide gas, which all mammals breathe out. This gas is the main way for mosquitoes to know that a warm-

19、blooded creature is nearby.But mosquitoes also use their eyes and sense of touch. Michael Dickinson is a professor at the California Institute of Technology. His research shows how these small insects, with even smaller brains, use three senses to find a blood meal.Michael Dickinson s team used plum

20、a emsaterial that rises into theair of carbon dioxide gas into a wind tunnel. They then used cameras to record the mosquitoes. The insects followed the plume.Then, the scientists placed dark objects on the lighter colored floor and walls of the tunnel. Mr. Dickinson said, at first, the mosquitoes sh

21、owed no interest in the objects at all. “ Whatw as quite striking and quite surprising is that the mosquitoes fly back and forth for hours. These are hungry females and they completely ignore the objects on the floor and wall of the tunnel. But the moment they get a hit of CO2,they change their beha

22、vior quite obviously and now would become attracted to these little visual blobs （ 斑点）. ”This suggested to the researcherst hat a mosquito sesn se of smell is more important in the search for food. Once mosquitoes catch a smell of a human or animal, they also follow visual signals.What do mosquitoes

23、 mainly use to find their targets?Sense of smell.B. Sense of touch.C. Sense of sight.D. Smart brains.What is the first response of the mosquitoes to the objects?To fly to the dark ones.To catch and stick to them.To take no notice of them.To attach themselves to them.How can we avoid being attacked b

24、y mosquitoes according to the text?Dont let them see us.Use dark objects to stop them.Make them fly back and forth for hours.Attract them to objects full of carbon dioxide gas.What can be the best title for the text?How Do Mosquitoes Survive?Why Do Mosquitoes Need Blood?How Do Mosquitoes Choose Thei

25、r Targets?Why Do Mosquitoes Attack the Human Being?（四）Nobody likes doing the dishes, but it turns out that doing this daily task might pay off in an unexpected way. According to a new study published in the Journal of Pediatrics, washing dishes by hand instead of using a dishwasher might prevent the

26、 development of allergies.Researchers in Sweden surveyed the parents of 1,029 children ages 7 and 8. They discovered that children whose families hand-washed the dishes instead of using a machine were less likely to have allergies.Earlier research has shown that dishes washed by machine are cleaner

27、than those washed by hand. So why would kids who eat off of slightly dirtier plates be better off when we talk about preventing allergies? One explanation is based on a theory known as the“ hyg卫ien生e hypothesis （假说）, ”w hich says the reason why kids develop allergies is that theirA. Pollen.B. The im

28、mune system.A. Pollen.B. The immune system.surroundings are actually too clean.Your immune （免疫）system keeps you healthy by fighting germs 病（ 菌） like bacteria and viruses. But when you have allergies, it overreacts and tries to fight ordinary things like pollen （花粉） or certain foods. Being exposed to

29、 germs, particularly early in life, is good training for the immune system, says the lead author of the study, Dr. Bill Hesselmar of Queen Silvia Hospital in Sweden. “Youe xcite the immune system in various ways and it becomes tolerant.”This study shows that while using the dishwasher might be easie

30、r, the old-fashioned method of cleaning up could be better for your health.What s the advantage of washing dishes by hand?Hand-washed dishes are much cleaner.It encourages people to do housework.It helps prevent allergies.Dishes are easier to wash.What can we know about the theory of the“ hygiene hy

31、pothesisThere is no harm done if kids live in a slightly dirty place.There is no need to keep the surroundings clean.It s better for kids to use clean plates to keep healthy.It s wise to use a dishwasher to prevent allergies.What does the underlined word“ it ” in Paragraph 4 refer to?C. The germ.D.

32、A certain food.C. The germ.D. A certain food.What s the result when our immune system becomes tolerant?It ll overreact to thoed fso we eat.It ll lead to the development of allergies.It ll make germs in our body more active.D. It ll prevent allergies and keep us healthy.（五）It s a real case of fish ou

33、t of water. Blenni鲇es鱼 （） in the South Pacific Ocean are gradually relocating to land to escape their predators捕 （食者 ）, in an example of evolution in action.Fish first began crawling onto dry land about 400 million years ago, kicking off an evolutionary chain of events that led to humans. But their

34、reasons for exiting the sea have been uncertain.To look for clues, Terry Ord at the University of New South Wales in Australia has been studying several species of blennies at Rarotonga, the largest of the Cook Islands.At low tide, blennies are commonly found swimming in rock pools around the edges

35、of the island. But when high tide moves in, they climb up to dry land and move around the rocks until the tide retreats.The researchersf ound that this is most likely to avoid predators that swim in with the rising tide mainly bigger fish like lionfish.To test what would happen if blennies did not h

36、ave an escape plan,they made blenny models and sank them in the sea. The mimics ended up with wounds, bite marks and chunks-missing.Of course, there are still dangers for blennies on land, like the occasional bird attack, but the predation risk on land is a third that of underwater.What sm ore, movi

37、ng onto land has additional benefits for blennies. Holes in the rocks provide sheltered nests for laying eggs, and they can maintain their diet of bacteria.In fact, several species of blenny fish at Rarotonga have already made the full transition to land-dwelling （陆生的） species. They continue to brea

38、the with their gills, but have developed stronger tail fins and jump from rock to rock.Ord believes that many evolutionary processes have been driven by the need to escape predators. “ It is often assumed that animals move homes to find new sources of food, but in many cases, escaping predators is a

39、 stronger motivation. sa”ys. heWhy do blennies climb to dry land when high tide comes?To acquire better health.To search for more food.To seek safer living conditions.The migmriacpsh ”The migmriacpsh ”6 r einfe Pr ator?aWhat does the underlined partThe rocks in the water.B. The predators of blennies

40、.C. The researchers of blennies. D. The models of blennies.What can be concluded from the last paragraph?Ord s research opens a new view.Ord wonders why animals move homes.Ord shows us the benefits of blennies evolution.Ord has discovered how fish have become land dwellers.Which of the following cou

41、ld be the best title for the text?Blennies Living HabitsWhy Blennies Choose to Live on LandBlennies Evolutionary ProcessHow Blennies Escape from their Predators（六）Australia leads the world in its number of resident poisonous spiders as well as the strength of their toxicity （毒性 ）. However, of almost

42、 9,800 species most are perfectly harmless and interesting.Spider diversity is broad and many fascinating species occur here that range from the large to the tiny and hardly noticed, and from the dullest black to the strangely shaped.Spiders can be roughly classified according to the strategies （策略）

43、 they use for feeding. Spiders which appeared earlier in the evolutionary scale feed by waiting in a cave for food to come along before grabbing it.Following them were spiders which actively wandered looking for food and which caught it by chasing it down. The evolution of flying insects makes spide

44、rs evolve new ways of catching food which couldn bet chased and so the earliest air web weavers arose.Most spiders feed on insects and other arthropods but the Whistling Spider feeds on frogs and small birds. The Golden Orb Spider also feeds on small birds.A spider periodically sheds （蜕皮 ;脱落 ） its s

45、kin so that it can grow.Immature stages are called moults. Each species has a particular number of moults that it will go through before reaching its final adult stage.Usually, once male spiders have mated （交配）, they die shortly after. But, even in death, Redback males often serve a purpose. The alr

46、eady pregnant Redback females always kill their lover and, in most cases, also eat them. This provides them with a small reproductive advantage.Allowing spiders to take up places around houses can be beneficial in that they catch other annoying insects such as mosquitoes and flies.Rest assured that

47、while you might see some large spiders, and perhaps even some poisonous ones, a good rule is to look and admire but dont touch any spider you find. Even those without poison could still have a nasty bite.How are different families of spiders identified themselves?By their physical character.By their

48、 ways of getting food.By the strength of their toxicity.By their effect on the environment.What are the latest spiders in their evolution process?Spiders that chase down insects for food.Spiders that wait for the insects to come along.Spiders that can weave webs to catch flying insects.Spiders that

49、actively go out to look for insects as food.3.If a spider stays on the wall of your house, you . d betterkill itB. feed itC. let it beD. chase it outWhat is the passage mainly talking about?A. Brief introduction of spiders.The evolution process of spiders.Living harmoniously with spiders.The living

50、and feeding habits of spiders.（七）A new study has shown how computers and robots powered by artificial intelligence can read human eye movements to read human personalities.The eyes, they say, are the windows to the soul. And if that is true, computers and robots powered by sophisticated （ 复杂的 ） arti

51、ficial intelligence algorithms （算法 ） may soon have the ability to peer into your soul. That is the result of a new study on the connection between eye movements and personality, conducted by neuroscience researchers based at the University of South Australia and Published in the scientific Journal F

52、rontiers in Neuroscience.Eye movements during an everyday task predict aspects of our personality, wrote the researchers, led by University of South Australia neuroscientist Tobias Loetscher, whose team follows 42 study subjects around the university campus recording their eye movements, then determ

53、ines their personality traits （ 特 点 ） with well-established questionnaires for determining personality type, according to a summary of the study published by the site Science Daily.The researchersf ed the data into their Al algorithms and found that computers running the algorithms were able to reco

54、rd human eye movements and immediately determine a persons major personality traits, such as neuroticism, extraversion （ 外 向 ）,agreeableness, conscientiousness, as well as perceptual （感知的 ） curiosity, the scientists wrote.The new findings could improve the way human beings interact with their comput

55、ers and other high-tech devices, even robots, allowing for more natural and realistic social interactions with machines, Loetscher said.People are always looking for improved, personalized services.Todays robots and computers are not socially aware so they cannot adapt to non-verbal information, Loe

56、tscher said in a statement quoted by Indian Express. “ This research provides opportunities to develop robots and computers so that they can become more natural, and better at interpreting human social signals.”The study revealed previously undiscovered relations between specific personality charact

57、eristics and specific eye movement tendencies, according to a summary in Britains Daily Mail newspaper.What do the underlined words peer into in Paragraph 2 probably mean?Understand. B. Stare at. C. Search for. D.Concern about.How did the researchers conduct the research?It was carried out in a lab.

58、42 subjects eye movements were recorded.The students daily movements were tracked.Its subjects personalities were determined by computer.What can we know from Tobias Loetscher s words?A. Robots and computers are socially conscious.People care less about improved, personalized services.Todays robots

59、and computers can accustom to non-verbal information.The interaction between human beings and machines will beimproved.What can be a suitable title for the text?Human Personality TraitsWhat Human Eye Movements AreTell Personalities by Eye MovementsHow Humans and Machines Interact（八）BERLIN With the c

60、risis in Japan raising fears about nuclear power, Germany and Switzerland said on Monday that they would reassess再 （次 评估） the safety of their own reactors （核反应堆 ）.Doris Leuthard, the Swiss energy minister, said Switzerland would put off plans to build nuclear plants. She said no new ones would be pe