高考英语语法精品教案：专题13特殊句式

1、特别句式在近几年高考题中所占重量居中,各套试题中至少有一道 小题考查特别句式；主要考查倒装句、省略替代、强调句以及感叹 句和反意疑问句；一、倒装 口诀速记：副词开头要倒装,人称代词就如常；only 修饰副介状,位于句首半倒装；否定意义副连词,“既不 也不”需倒装；表语前置主语长,连接自然常倒装；such 代词作表语,引起主谓要倒装；not only 开头句,前一分句需倒装；if 半倒装；had,were ,should 虚拟句,省略倒装分两类：全部倒装和部分倒装；全部倒装是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前；实义动词、情态动词或be 动词放在主语之前；部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动

2、词倒装至主语之前；假如句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,就需添加助动词 do, does 或 did ,并将其置于主语之前；1全部倒装的情形使用场合 例句 备注1 / 29 1there引导的There is a book in 常 见 动 词 有be, the bag. There come, lie, 存在句came shouts for help happen, appear, from the river. seem, stand, exist, live, remain 等；2 在 here, Here comes the 谓语常是表示方there, away, in, bus.The

3、re goes the 位或位移的不及物out, down, up, train. In rushed the off, now, then children. Now 开头的句子里 comes your turn. 动词 lie, live, sit, stand, be, come, go, run, rise 等；3介词短语或方 位词组作地点状语位于句首Between the 主语是人称代词buildings stands a tall tree. South of the 时,不倒装；如：city lies a steel Here we are. factory. From the

4、There he comes. village came a frightening sound. 使用场合例句were the 备注4代词 such 作Such 主谓一样表语,意为 “这样facts. was Albert Such 2 / 29 的 人 , 这 样 的 Einstein. 物”,应置于句首5平稳句子结构 或使上下文连接紧密They reached a 主谓一样farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy. 2. 部分倒装的情形使用场合nor例句like sports, 备注1so, neither, I 使用正确的助动开 头 的

5、句 子 , 表 示and so does my 词； 当 so 表示“也一样、也不 ”brother. If you 对前句内容的确定He go, so will I. hasnt come, nor 和附和时,用自然have his sisters. 语序；如：Tom If you dont go, works hard. So neither shall I. he does and so do you. 他的确很用功,你也是； 2 含有否定意义的 副 词 词 组 , 如 ：Hardly can I little作形容词,believe that. 修饰主语时,仍用Seldom does

6、he 正 常 语 序 ； 如 ：write to me. By never, seldom, 3 / 29 hardly, little, no means shall we Little Franz played the 备注only 修饰主语时 不 倒 装 ；如 ： Only he nowhere, by no give up. Little often means, at no timedid I know who he piano. 等置于句首时was. 使用场合例句3only 修饰状语 从句,Only when the rain 并置于句首时,主句中要stopped did the

7、部分倒装match start again. can do it. 4not only but alsoNot only should we not only 引导连接两个分句,not onlystudy science, but 的部分要部分置于句首also we should pay 倒装,但 attention to but politics. also 部 分 不倒装；如not only but also连接两个主语,句子不倒装；使用场合例句备注4 / 29 5Not until Hardly when No Not until 主 倒 从 不sooner than So that S

8、uch that倒,即主句did I 部分用倒装realize what 语序,从句trouble he 部分用陈述was in. 语序；Hardly had I entered the room when the telephone rang. So angry was he that he couldnt speak. Such great progress did he make that 5 / 29 he was praised. 6省略 if的虚拟条件句,将were ,Were he 如条件句中had, should 移至主语前 If he 不含 were, were had, h

9、ere now, should就I could ask him. 不宜倒装；Should he If he should come, tell him to ring me up. 使用场合例句备注7希望句May you succeed ！6 / 29 8as 或 though 引导让步 状语从句引起的倒装；句型是：表语 / 状语 / 动词原形 as/though 主语Young as he is, he though 引导knows a lot. 让步状语从句Much as I like it, I will not buy it. 也可不倒装；Try as he 表语前的冠might, h

10、e could 词 要 省 略 ；not find a job. 如 ： Hero as he is, he has some shortcomings. 二、省略 在英语中,有时为了防止结构上或内容上的重复,并使上下文 紧密连接；有时由于语法的客观要求,句子中的一个或几个成分不 需要表达出来,这种现象称为省略；英语中的省略要求不破坏语法 结构,要保持句子意义的精确无误；省略有词法上的省略,也有句 法上的省略,仍有一种替代省略；省略部分的成分和含义可从上下 文或详细语言环境中找到而且是有章可循的,英语的省略大致有以 下几种情形：1介词的省略 一些与动词、名词或形容词一起搭配的介词常省略,而保留

11、其 后的动名词；常见的句型有：spend some time in doing sth.；be busy in doing sth.；7 / 29 have difficulty in doing sth. ；stop/prevent sb. from doing sth.2连词 that 的省略 I believe that he will come here. Its a pity that he will leave this city. 3定语从句与名词性从句中的省略whom, which, 在限制性定语从句中,作宾语用的关系代词1 that 可省略；如：The teacher who

12、/whom/that I talked with was Mr. Meng. 2 在与 suggest, request, order, advise等词相关的名词性从句中,应用虚拟语气形式“should 动词原形 ”,should可以省略；如：She suggests that we should go at once. 4动词不定式省略,只保留to 的场合；expect, refuse, 不定式作某些动词的宾语时,常见的动词有mean, like, love, hope ,want 等；如：He went home that day though he didnt want to. 三、反

13、意疑问句1陈述部分含有 must 的反意疑问句neednt ；当含有当 must 作“必需 ”讲时,其反意疑问部分用8 / 29 mustnt 不答应、禁止 时,其反意疑问部分用must ；当 must 表示估计,作 “肯定,准是 ”讲时,反意疑问部分的动词形式依据 must 后 面的动词形式确定；如：You must go now, neednt you. 你现在必需走,是不是？You mustnt smoke here, must you. 你不能在这里吸烟,是吧？You must have watched that football match last night, 你昨晚肯定是看足球

14、竞赛了,是吧？didnt you. 2陈述部分含有 used to 的反意疑问句 陈述部分含有 used to 时,其反意疑问部分用 usednt 或 didnt 均可；如：You used to play football, usednt/didnt you. 你过去经常踢足球,是吗？3陈述部分含有 ought to的反意疑问句均可；如：其反意疑问部分用oughtnt或 shouldntHe ought to attend the meeting, oughtnt/shouldnt he.他应当参与会议,是不是？4否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句 当陈述部分带有 seldom, hardly,

15、scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody 等否定词或半否定词时,疑问部分的动词用确定形 式；如：9 / 29 He could hardly get up, could he. 他几乎起不来了,是不是？5陈述部分含有表示 “否定”意义的前缀构成的词,其反意疑问部 分一般用否定式；如：Mary dislikes sports, doesnt she. 玛丽不喜爱体育运动,不是吗？6含有宾语从句的反意疑问句当陈述部分带有宾语从句时,疑问部分的主语应和主句的主语保持一样；但当主句是：I think,I believe, I suppose, I ex

16、pect, I imagine 等结构时,疑问部分的主语和谓语动词均应和宾语从句的 主语和谓语保持一样；如：He said that he would come here on time, didnt he.I dont think he will come here on time, will he. 7祈使句的反意疑问句 祈使句后加附加问句,不表示反意,而表示一种语气；其结构 为：否定祈使句, will you. Let us确定祈使句,will/w ont you. Lets, shall we. , will you ？如：Open the door, will you. Lets g

17、o out for a walk, shall we. Let us go to school, will you. 留意：10 / 29 1 反意疑问句的回答不要看汉语如何翻译,只看所提到的事情是否发生；假如发生了,用确定回答,否就用否定回答；如：当对方问你“You arent a teacher, are you？”或“You are a teacher, arent you？”时,假如你是老师,回答 “Yes, I am. 否就,回答 “No, I am not. ”2 反意疑问句的主语和陈述部分的主语在人称、数上需要留意的几种情形陈述部分主语反意疑疑 问 部例句问部分分 谓 语主语的数

18、This is a bike , isnt this, that it 单数it ？not your These are these, those they 复数books, are they？everything, anything, it 单数Nothing has happened, something, has it ？nothing 陈述部分主语反意疑疑问部例句问部分分谓语主语的数11 / 29 everyone, everybody, someone, he 或单数或Nobody likes to be somebody, no they 更复数laughed at, does h

19、e/do 常见 they ？one, anybody, anyone, anybody, none, neither 不定式、动名词、it 单数Learning English well 主语从句、其他短takes a lot of time, 语单数或doesnt it？There is no doubt there there be句型about it, is there？There will be rain 复数tomorrow, wont there ？四、强调句一个句子中除谓语外的任何成分均可借助 It be that 予以强调,被强调部分置于 be 之后；无论被强调的是人物时间 地

20、点仍是方式一律用 that, 只有强调人时也可用 who；被强调的人称代词主格或宾格如 I /me ,其形式不行变动,即被强调的任何成分必须 原 封 不 动 地 放 到be 之 后 ； 一 个 句 子 , 如 果 将 其 中 的 It is/was that 去掉,在不加减任何词语的情形下,语序稍作调整能12 / 29 构成一个完整正确的句子,便可以认定为强调句,否就就不是强调句；1【误】 Did he begin to learn English only when he was 30 years old. 【正】He began to learn English only when he

21、was 30 years old. 【解读】当 only 和所修饰的状语位于句首时引起部分倒装,假如不在句首时,就不倒装,此外,当only 用于修饰名词或代词时,也不倒装,如： Only the grown-ups are allowed to see the film. 2 【误】Not only can he repair bikes but can he repair televisions.【正】Not only can he repair bikes but he can repair televisions.【解读】not only but also 的部分倒装,其结构为： not

22、 only 倒装语序,but also 语序不变；此外,当 not only but also 位于句首连接两个并列的主语时,主谓也不倒装,如：Not only I but also she will get married next year. 3【误】 I seldom watch TV, but listen to the radio a lot. So do I. 13 / 29 【正】 I seldom watch TV, but listen to the radio a lot. So it is with me. 【解读】如前面为两个或两个以上的分句,表示不同的主语与前面有关的

23、各种情形相同,往往用：so it is/was with 主语或者是 it is/was the same with 主语；4【误】 A child as/though he is, he is very brave. 【正】 Child as/though he is, he is very brave. 【解读】由 as/though 引导的表示 “虽然,尽管 ”的让步状语从句用倒装语序,把从句的表语或状语等放在 as/though 的前面,但是假如从句中的表语是名词,其名词前不加任何冠词；5【误】 Are you a sailor？No, but I used to. 【正】 Are y

24、ou a sailor. No, but I used to be. 【解读】动词不定式的省略：在同一句或联系紧密的对话里,常把不定式符号 to 后内容相同的部分省略,只保留 to ,但如果省略的不定式内容有作助动词用的 后要保留原形 have 或 be；have 或 be 的任何形式时, to6【误】 Are you and Jane getting married？We hope. 【正】Are you and Jane getting married？We hope to. 【解读】 动词不定式在 like, love, care, want, hope, expect, prefer,

25、 refuse, decide, mean, intend, try, promise 等动词后作宾14 / 29 语时,为了防止重复,常承前省略不定式后的内容,但要保留不定 式符号 to ；7【误】 I came not to scold but praise you. 【正】 I came not to scold but to praise you. 【解读】 在并列结构中为了防止重复,后一个 to 常省略,但两个不定式有对比或对比的意义时,就后一个to 不能省略；12022辽宁卷 _ is the power of TV that it can make a person sudden

26、ly famous. ASuch B This C That D So 【答案】 A 2Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away_. Afleeing the boy Cthe boy was fleeing 【答案】 D Bwas fleeing the boy Dfled the boy 3He is rather difficult to make friends with , but the friendship of his,_,is truer than any other.Aonce gained Cafter gained Bwhen to

27、gain Dwhile gaining 【解读】 A 这是 once it is gained 的省略,句意为： 但是一旦获得了和他的友情,要比其他人的要真诚得多；15 / 29 4Not until quite recently _ that language is closely related to culture.Ahe realized Chad he realized Bdid he realize Dhe did realize 【解读】 B not until 引导的短语置于句首,后面要用部分倒装结构,所以要排除 A 和 D；此外,句子中没有明显的“过去的过去”标志词,所以不能

28、用过去完成时,故C 项也得排除；5Casey, _ to the classroom and see who it is there. AgoingBgoCto goDgone 【解读】 B该题带有嘱咐口吻,且Casey 为呼语,因此题干应为祈使句,即以动词原形开头；6I dont suppose anyone will be willing to do the hard job, _？Bdont I 引导的宾语从句的反Ado I Cwill they Dwont they 【解读】CI think/suppose/believe意疑问句,存在否定转移的习惯,且反意疑问句的主语应与从句主语一样

29、,选 C；72022重庆卷 At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River _ in China. ,one of the ten largest cities 16 / 29 Alies Chongqing BChongqing lies Cdoes lie Chongqing Ddoes Chongqing lie 【解读】 A 考查倒装句；为了表示强调,把作状语的介词短 语提到句首,此时句子采纳完全倒装的语序；8Go straight into the cave and find out whats in i

30、t, _？Acant you B dont you C are you D will you 【解读】 D 考查反意疑问句；这是一个祈使句,对祈使句构 成反意疑问句用 will you. 92022四川卷 We laugh at jokes,but seldom _ about how they work.Awe think Bthink we Cwe do think Ddo we think 【解读】 D 考查倒装用法； seldom ,hardly ,never ,no 等 具有否定意义的词位于句首句子用部分倒装语序；10Ive read three books this week. W

31、ell, maybe _ what you read that counts. is not how much you read but Athis B that C there D it 【解读】 D考查强调句型的用法；把 “_ is和句中17 / 29 的 that 省略后,该句话照旧成立,由此可知该题是强调句型的结构,所以答案只能用 it ；11 In Switzerland, six miles west of Geneva , _a collection of laboratory buildings. Alie B are lying C lies D lays 【答案】 C 12

32、 _in the root of his family that he decided to make a trip to Africa for further research. ASo interested Kunta was BSo interested was Kunta CHow interested Kunta was DKunta was such interested 【解读】 B 考查倒装句； so that这个固定句式中的 so 及 其修饰成分提到句首时,句子倒装,因此 B 项正确；132022四川卷 If you have a job,_ yourself to it a

33、nd finally youll succeed. Ado devote Bdont devote 引导从句,所以此处应当Cdevoting Dnot devoting 【解读】A考查祈使句用法； If填入可以构成主句的词,这里是祈使句,do 表示强调；14 _for the worst in advance and you wont be disappointed. 18 / 29 APrepare CHaving prepared BWhen preparing DIf you prepare 【解读】A 祈使句和 and 连用相当于条件状语从句的用法；原句 If you prepare

34、for the worst in advance,you wont be disappointed.15He has to finish the experiment today. He must be in the lab,_？Thats quite possible. Amustnt he Bwont he Cdoesnt he Disnt he 【解读】 D 该题考查反意疑问句； must be 结构中的中心词应为 be,且 He must be in the lab 相当于 I think he is in the lab,故应用 isnt he ；1 2022厦门市质量检查It is

35、 the test system ,rather than the teachers , _is to blame for th e studentsheavy burden nowadays.Awho Bthis the test systemCthat Dwhom 解读：考查强调句型；本句强调的是主语而不是 the teachers,因此不能用 who,只能用 that ；19 / 29 答案：C _she is not so 2 2022湖南十二校其次次联考cheerful_she used to be.AHow is it that；as BWhy is it that；what CI

36、s it why；that DHow it is that；as 解读：考查强调句和状语从句；第一空是强调句的特别疑问句部分；其次空为 not soas .as 固定句式；依据其次空的搭配可排除 B、C 两项；依据句意可知 前那样兴奋了？答案：A A 项正确；句意为：她怎么不像以3 2022重 庆 诊 断 I don know_makes her different from others.Honesty ,I think. Ahow is it that Cwhat is it that Bhow it is that Dwhat it is that 解读：考查特别句式；上一句的意思是“我

37、不知道是什么让她与众不同 ”,what it is that makes her different from others 是know 的宾语从句,因此要用陈述语序；从句是一个强调句,被强调部分是主语 what ；答案：D 20 / 29 4 2022日照市调研考试I don know how many years ago_people began.began to stay at home and civilization Ait was when Bit was that Cwas it that Dwas it when 解读：考查强调句型；语意是：我不知道是多少年前人们开始呆在家中,

38、文明由此开头；此句中被强调部分是 how many years ago,去掉 it was.that 之后句子的正常语序是 I don know how many years ago people began to stay at home and civilization began；答案：B 52022 福建毕业班检查 _made Daisy wild with joy. Her success in the A-level exam this year. AHow was it that CWhy was it that BWhen was it that DWhat was it th

39、at 解读：考查特别疑问句的强调句型；特别疑问句的强调句结 构为：特别疑问词 beit that ,依据语意,此处表示“什么东西 让 Daisy 欣喜如狂？ ”强调 what ,应选 D 项；答案：D 21 / 29 62022 山东潍坊月考 Girls used to take fewer advanced match courses than boys but now they are taking just_.Aas much Btoo much Cas many Dtoo many 解读：考查形容词的比较等级和省略；本句补充完整为 Girls used to take fewer ad

40、vanced math courses than boys but now they are taking just as many advanced math courses as boys. 故C 项正确；答案：C 72022 烟台二模 They landed safely on the island in the Pacific.Everything went on better than_.Aexpected Bexpecting Cexpectation Dto expect 解读：考查省略句的用法；可以将 than expected 看成是than it was expected

41、的省略； better than expected 为习惯用法,表示 “比预期的好 ”；答案：A 西 城5 月 Mary was only too ready to help 8 2022others ,seldom ,_,refusing them when they turned 22 / 29 to him.Aif never Bif not Cif any Dif ever 解读：考查习语的用法；后半部分是对前半部分的进一步说明；句意为：玛丽总是乐于助人,假如有人向他求助,他很少拒绝别人； if ever 很少,难得 ”,符合句意；答案：D 9 2022 苏州一模 The number

42、 of children who have lost parents to AIDS_to rise to over 26 million in 2022.Aare expected Bis expecting Care expecting Dis expected 解读：此题考查主谓一样和动词语态；定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一样, the number of 意为“ 的数量 ”,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式,排除选项A 和 C；依据语境知,这个数量预计会上升,主语与expect 之间是被动关系,故D 项正确；,答案：D ！All his property102022南京第三次模拟 Wha

43、t a pitythe books ,the pictures by the big fire.and the house ,_consumed Awere Bwas 23 / 29 Chad been Dhave been 解读：此题考查主谓一样和时态；本句的主语是 All his property ,property表示财产,是不行数名词,因此谓语动词是单数形式；句中的 the books ,the pictures and the house 是同位语,对 property 进行补充说明；事情发生在说话之前,故用一般过去时；答案：B instructions on the 112022烟

44、台四校联考 _the packet when you take the drug and the drug ,I think ,will work soon.AFollow BTo follow CFollowing DFollowed 解读：考查祈使条件句；句意为：假如你服药的时候依据包装上的说明服用,我认为这种药会很快起作用的；此处的祈使句中含有 when 引导的状语从句； I think 为插入语；此句实际上是“祈使句 and/or 陈述句 ”结构；祈使句中要用动词原形；答案：A 合肥第三次教学检测_and the problem 122022could be settled.AA bi

45、t more effort BTo make more effort 24 / 29 CMaking more effort DIf you make more effort 解读：考查句式；句中有并列连词and,因此前面应当是一个完整的并列句,结合选项此处应为“祈使句 and陈述句 ”结构,前面的祈使句也可用名词代替；句意为：再多一点努力,问题就会 得到解决；答案：A 锦州模拟 John as well as the other children 13 2022who_no parents_good care of in the center.Ahave；is being taken Cha

46、s；is taken Bhave ；has taken Dhas；have been taken 解读：考查主谓一样和动词时态,句意为：约翰同其他那些没有父母的孩子一起在这个中心受到很好的照料；who 引导的定语从句修饰 other children 所以谓语动词应是复数；名词 1as well as/besides/with/together with ect. 名词 2 时,谓语动词要根据就远原就由名词 1 打算,所以其次空谓语动词为单数,约翰正在受到照料,因此用现在进行时的被动形式；答案：A 14 2022东 城 检 测 The number of people , who have access to their own cars,_sharply in the past decade.25 / 29 Arose Bis rising Chave risen Dhas risen 解读：考查主谓一样和时态；本句的主语是 the number ,所以谓语动词用单数； in the past decade 表示时间从过去连续到现在,即 “十年来 ”,因此用现在完成时