英语语音知识

1、英语语音基本知识1/191.关于语音几个概念1)字母：语言书写形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u,2)音标：词语音形式。3)音素：音最小单位。英语中有48音素。4)音节：由元音和辅音组成发音单位。apple, student, teacher, understand5)元音：发音响亮，是乐音;口腔中气流不收妨碍;是组成音节主要音。英语中有20元音。2/196)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音;口腔中气流受到妨碍;不是组成音节主要音。英语中有28辅音。7)开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike ;b) 辅音+元音 he, go, hi8)闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad

2、, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it9)重读音节：单词中发音尤其响亮音节。3/192. 元音：1)i: sea, he, see, piece, ceiling2)i sit, build, miss, myth3)e bed, desk, head,4) bad, land, bank, stamp5)a: car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt6) hot, want7) : door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught8)u: good, who4/19

3、9)u look, put, women, could10) cup, come, blood, rough11): girl, work, serve, nurse12) cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday13)ei cake, they, play, eight, great,14)ai bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye15)u phone, cold, boat, soul, grow16)au house, town17)i boy,

4、oil18)i dear, idea, deer, here, fierce,19) pear, care, there, fair20)u tour, poor5/193. 轻易混同元音1)e bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land2)i: ei real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid3)e ai bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide4)au : house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count co

5、rn; cloud clause5)au found fond; gown gone; down don6/194. 辅音1)p pen,2)b bed, comb3)t tell,4)d, day, played, wanted5)k cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box6)g big, go, guess, language7)m man8)n nine, knife, autumn9) bank, uncle, English, sing,10)l land,7/1911)r read, write,12)f five, cough, l

6、augh13)v voice, of14) think,15) this, bathe16)s sit, miss, science, case, scarf17)z zoo, close,18) sure, she, social, nation19)/ pleasure,20)h hot, who, hour8/1921)w wall, what, answer22)j yes23)t child, teach24)d/ joke, bridge,25)ts boats26)dz goods27)tr tree28)dr dream9/195. 轻易混同辅音1)v w vet wet; v

7、est west; vine wine; very well2)s sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math3)z closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes4)n thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang10/196. 读音规则1)重读音节(见元音和辅音例句)2)非重读音节 banana, student, today, after,i orange, secret11/197. 特殊读音1)音连读：not at all, half a

8、n hour, I love you and all. after all2)失去爆破：good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme3)音同化：this year, Would you do it? Cant you see it?12/198. 重音1)单词重音A)双音节词a)普通在第一个音节重读。letter, sorryb)有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, p

9、ro-, trans- 等前缀词，第二个音节是重音。about, believeaddress, decide, report, condemn, respect, compare, inform, discuss,impress, mistake, enforce, prepare, employ, permit, escape, produce, exclaim,translate13/19c)有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前缀重音与词义和词类相关, 普通名词重音在第一个音节上，其它词性在第二个音节上。record, record; insult, insult

10、; conduct, conduct; present present; content, contentd)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等词，有两个重音。outside, retell, well-known, unreal, fifteen, Chinese, pre-war, post-war14/19B)多音节词a)普通倒数第三个音节是重音。difficult, communist, family, economy, opportunity,democracy.b)有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根重音读音。c

11、arefully, indefinite, comfortable, conductor, according, disturbance, complicated,establishment,c)词尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后缀词，重音在这些后缀前一个音节上。courteous, calligraphy, editorial, historian, periodic, mathematics, experience,sufficient, identif

12、y, translation, religious, curiosity, protectived)词尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。entertain, employee, mountaineer, Japanese, cigarette15/192)句子重音A) 英语节奏：(轻)-轻-重-轻-(轻)或重-轻-(轻)(轻)重B) 英语句子长短：是C) 实词重读(副词重读)，虚词轻读(冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反代词，物主代词，关系代词，相互代词，助动词，情态动词和系动词be.D) 实词不重读特殊情况a)

13、实词第二次出现He thinks of that as a child thinks.b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰I met her in the railway station.16/19c) 代替词Which book do you want? The small one.d) 感叹词中 what 和howWhat a good day it is! How beautiful she is!e) street 在专有名词中Wangfujing Street.f) this在这些短语中，this morning/afternoon/eveningE)虚词重读特殊情况a) 情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否定时。Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can.I dont like you. He isnt a worker.17/19b) 情态动词表示可能，惊奇和必定时。They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in