内容文稿大一下u6-a language points

1、Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointstrial n. 1. sth. that is difficult to deal with, and that is worrying or annoying 2. a legal process in which a judge and often a jury in a court of law examine information to decide whether sb. is guilty of a crime Examples: Many a great man has succeeded only th

2、rough trial and error. 许多伟人就是在历经尝试及错误后才获得成功的。 Public pressure had been mounting in recent months calling for a trial. 近几个月来呼吁开庭审判的公众压力越来越大。 Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointscripple v. to hurt sb. badly so that they cannot walk properly n. a person with a physical disability or a serious permanent

3、 injury Examples: Mr. Easton was crippled in an accident and had to leave his job .伊斯顿先生在一场事故中受伤致残，不得不放弃了工作 她从一个健康、强健、爱好运动的年轻姑娘变成了一个残疾人。 She has gone from being a healthy, fit and sporty young woman to being a cripple .Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointsbang v. to close sth or to be closed with a l

4、oud noise n. a sudden loud noiseExamples: Dont bang the door when you go out!出去时别那么砰一声地关门！ 突然一声巨响，喷出了一股烟。 Suddenly there was a loud bang and a puff of smoke.Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointsclaustrophobia Claustrophobia is the fear of having no escape and being in closed or small spaces or rooms.

5、 It is typically classified as an anxiety disorder and often results in panic attack, and can be the result of many situations or stimuli, including elevators crowded to capacity, windowless rooms, and even tight-necked clothing. The term claustrophobia comes from Latin claustrum a shut in place and

6、 Greek , phbos, fear. acrophobia fear of heights ailurophobia fear of cats autophobia fear of isolation cynophobia fear of dogs gerascophobia fear of growing old or agingUnit 6: Language and Cultural Pointsescort n. a person or group of people that travels with sb./sth. in order to protect or guard

7、them v. to take sb. somewhere, especially when you are protecting or guarding them 来访的国家元首由武装卫队护送。 快到9点半时，他由一位警察护送到达。 He arrived escorted by a police shortly before half past nine .Examples: Armed escorts are provided for visiting heads of state.Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointsrevelation n. a su

8、rprising fact about sb./sth. that was previously secret and is now made known他开车如此娴熟自如，大大出乎我的意料 他的私生活似乎在永无休止地被披露 Examples: The ease with which he drives was quite a revelation to me. There are seemingly everlasting revelations about his private life .Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointsloosen see fa

9、sten adj. + env. to make sth. less tight or less firmly fastened, or to e less tight or less firmly fastenedExamples: He reached up to loosen the scarf around his neck. 他抬手松了松脖子上的围巾。他在花园中松土。 He is loosening the soil in his garden .Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointswalker walker / zimmer / zimmer f

10、rame 助行架Example: He now needs a walker to get around. 他现在走动需要助行架。put a folded walker into the trunkUnit 6: Language and Cultural Pointsmanipulate v. 1. to use skill in moving or handling sth. 2. to make sb. think and behave exactly as you want them to, by skillfully deceiving or influencing themExam

11、ples: He manipulated the controls of the plane so well that it did not crash. 他操作飞机的控制系统非常纯熟，因此飞机没有坠毁。作为一个政客，他知道如何左右公众舆论。 As a politician, he knows how to manipulate public opinion.Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointswarp speed 曲速；曲速航行速度；极速 1. (science fiction) a hypothetical, extremely rapid, speed

12、, resulting from entering a separate dimension, termed hyperspace; much faster than the speed of light. 2. (by extension, informal) any very fast speed. Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointswarp speed Examples: You dont need to work at warp speed all day just to prove youre working. 你不需要为了证明你在工作中而以一个

13、很快的速度工作。The city is still changing at warp speed. 这座城市仍在以超乎寻常的速度变化着。The ship was accelerating to warp speed, when one of the engines failed.Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointsadapt U4B v.1. to gradually change your behavior and attitudes in order to be successful in a new situation 2. to change sth

14、. so that it can be used in a different way or for a different purpose Examples: The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to adapt to the change .这个世界将会不同，所以我们必须准备好适应变化 。这些材料改一下可以给大一点的孩子用。 The materials can be adapted for use with older children. Unit 6: Language and Cultural Poi

15、ntsshame sb into doing sth to persuade sb to do sth by making them feel ashamed not to do it 使某人羞愧而不得不做（某事）她使父亲感到过意不去，只好答应多给她些帮助。Example: She shamed her father into promising more help.使某人出于惭愧而道歉 shame sb into apologizingUnit 6: Language and Cultural Pointskeep up (with sb / sth) to move, make progr

16、ess or increase at the same rate as sb /sth （与）齐步前进，并驾齐驱， 跟上Examples: I cant keep up with all the changes. 我并非所有的变化都能跟得上。Wages are not keeping up with inflation. 工资赶不上通货膨胀。keep pace (with sb / sth) to move, increase, change, etc. at the same speed as sb /sth （与）并驾齐驱，（与）步调一致Unit 6: Language and Cultu

17、ral Pointswatchful a. very careful to notice what is happening, and to make sure that everything is all right最好的做法就是时刻注意身体，一有变化就去看家庭医生。他把手伸到他的口袋里，用冰冷、戒备的眼神看着我 。 He ran his hand into his pocket and looked at me with cold, watchful eyes.Examples: The best thing is to be watchful and see the family doc

18、tor for any change in your normal health .observant a. good at noticing things around you 善于观察，观察力敏锐 （sharp-eye）Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointsdrop sb / sth (off) stop so that sb can get out of a car, etc; to deliver sth on the way to somewhere else 中途卸客；中途卸货Examples: Can you drop me off near t

19、he bank? 你能让我在银行附近下车吗？你忘了拿你的短上衣，不过我可以在明天上班路上顺便捎给你。 You left your jacket, but I can drop it off on my way to work tomorrow.Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointslobby n. a large area inside the entrance of a public building where people can meet and wait SYN foyer v. to try to influence a politician or

20、 the government and, for example, persuade them to support or oppose a change in the lawExamples: a hotel lobby旅馆大厅农民将游说国会提高对农业的补贴。 Farmers will lobby Congress for higher subsidies.Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointsgo to + v. In spoken English go can be used with and plus another verb to show purp

21、ose or to tell sb what to do The and is sometimes left out, especially in American EnglishExamples: Ill go and answer the door. Go ask your mom! Go fetch some water.英语中类似的结构还有：Go and buy yourself a new pair of shoes. (不用 Go to buy)Come and see this goldfish. (不用Come to see)Wait and see. (不用Wait to s

22、ee)Try and see my point of view. (这里可以用Try to)Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointssuite n. 1. a set of rooms, especially in a hotel 2. (computing) a set of related computer programsExamples: a hotel suite旅馆套间一套软件开发工具 a suite of software development toolsUnit 6: Language and Cultural Pointson the ale

23、rt a situation in which people are watching for danger and ready to deal with itExamples: Police are warning the public to be on the alert for suspicious packages. 警方警告公众要警惕可疑包裹。5000多名部队已处于全面戒备状态。 More than 5000 troops have been placed on (full) alert. Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointsassume U2,

24、B2 v. 1. to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it 2. (formal) to take or begin to have power or responsibilityExamples: I hope to go to college next year, always assuming that I pass my exams. 我希望明年上大学，总是认为我能通过考试。法庭承担了保障这个女孩福利的责任。 The court assumed responsibility for the gi

25、rls welfare.Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointsmiserable a. 1. extremely unhappy 2. (of weather) making you feel depressedExamples: After a breakup, life can seem miserable, but a good friend brings light and joy into a broken heart. 分手后，生活看起来会很痛苦，但是好友会给受伤的心带来光明和欢乐。他们的假期开始时天气很不好。 They started their

26、 holiday on a miserable day.Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointsirritable U4B irritability a. getting annoyed quickly or easily Examples: He had been waiting for over an hour and was beginning to feel irritable . 他已经等了一个多小时，开始觉得有些烦躁了 。病人们通常会记忆力减退，性格发生变化，而且变得易怒 。Patients usually suffer from memory lo

27、ss, personality changes, and e irritable easily .Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointsbounce v. 1. (of a ball) to spring back or up again after hitting a surface 2. (of a person) to jump up and down on sth.Examples: My father would burst into the kitchen bouncing a tennis ball .我父亲会拍打着网球闯进厨房 。她兴奋地在床上

28、蹦蹦跳跳 。 She bounced up and down excitedly on the bed .Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointsjolly a. happy and enjoying oneself Examples: She was a jolly and kindhearted woman . 她是一个开朗、善良的女人 。 Everybody was in a relaxed and jolly mood . 每个人的心情都非常轻松愉快 。Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointssullen a. angry

29、 and silent Examples: The offenders lapsed into a sullen silence . 这些罪犯陷入了愠怒的沉默 。 All my attempts to amuse the children were met with sullen faces . 我想尽办法哄这些孩子们开心，但是他们总是满脸的不高兴 。Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointsburst n. a short period of a particular activity or strong emotion that often starts su

30、ddenly v. to break open or apart, especially because of pressure from inside; to make sth break in this way.Examples: a sudden burst of activity / energy / anger / enthusiasm活动 / 能量 / 怒火 / 热情的迸发 That balloon will burst if you blow it up any more.你再给气球充气，它就要爆了。Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointsgenu

31、ine a. 1. real; exactly what it appears to be; not artificial 2. sincere and honest; that can be trustedExamples: Is the painting a genuine Picasso?这幅画是毕加索的真迹吗？ He made a genuine attempt to improve conditions.他真心实意地努力改善环境。Unit 6: Language and Cultural Points Maybe I was kind more often than just occ

32、asionally. Maybe most of the time, I was kind and patient.Paraphrase:Unit 6: Language and Cultural PointsBut mostly what I recall is hating the process, hating myself for hating it, and hating her for making it all necessary . 此句是主系表结构。主语是what引导的名词性从句，表语是三个并列的动名词短语。 NoteExamples: I cant recall meeti

33、ng her before.我想不起来以前曾经见过她。 The poem recalls Eliots The Waste Land.这首诗令人想起艾略特的荒原。Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointsdevour v. 1. to destroy sb./sth. 2. to read or look at sth. with great interest and enthusiasm Examples: The flames devoured the museum . 火焰吞没了那座博物馆 。 She began buying and devouring n

34、ewspapers when she was only 12 . 她才12岁时，就开始买报纸并如饥似渴地阅读 。Unit 6 Language and Cultural Pointsexceptional a. unusual and likely not to happen often Examples: There are three exceptional situations, which you must handle separately. 有三种例外的状况，您必须对其单独处理 。There were no exceptional circumstances that would

35、warrant a lesser penalty for him.没有什么例外情况可使他获得从轻处罚 。Unit 6 Language and Cultural Pointscan not help doing sth / can not help but do sth it is impossible to prevent or avoid sth 情不自禁做某事Examples: She couldnt help but wonder what he was thinking. 她不禁琢磨着他在想些什么 。 I cant help thinking he knows more than h

36、e has told us.我总觉得他没把他知道的事全告诉我们。Unit 6 Language and Cultural Pointswash over sb / wash through sbExamples: Waves of nausea washed over him.他突然感到阵阵恶心。 A feeling of relief washed over her as the plane landed.当飞机着陆时，她感到如释重负。 1. (written) (of a feeling) to suddenly affect sb strongly, so that they are n

37、ot aware of anything else 2. to happen to or around sb without affecting them She manages to let criticism just wash over her.她克服了别人批评所造成的影响。Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointsconstancyconstancy of purpose目标始终如一 n. (formal) 1. the quality of staying the same and not changing 2. (approving) the qual

38、ity of being faithful SYN fidelityExamples: the constancy of temperature inside the plane他钦佩她的勇气和忠贞。 He admired her courage and constancy.飞机舱内的恒温Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointsconstancyconstant a. that does not change 不变的，恒定的Example: travelling at a constant speed of 50 mph以每小时50英里的恒定速度行驶Unit 6

39、: Language and Cultural Pointstake its toll (on sb / sth); take a heavy toll on sb / sth have bad effect on sb / sth; to cause a lot of damage, deaths, suffering, ect. 产生恶果，造成重大损失（伤亡）Examples: Illness had taken a heavy toll on her. 疾病对她的身体造成极大损害。经济衰退使住房市场遭受重大损失。 The recession is taking its toll on h

40、ousing markets.Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointsflat-out black-and-blue abuseflat-out a. downright; plain; open and direct 完全，十足，坦白black-and-blue a. discolored by coagulation (凝结) of blood beneath the skin; (of skin) have dark marks as a result of injuryExamples: Many of the paintings were flat-o

41、ut forgeries (赝品). The fall left her leg all black-and-blue.Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointsflat out 1. as fast and hard as possible 全力以赴 2. in a definite and direct way, completely 直截了当，断然Examples: Workers are working flat out to meet the rise in demand for new cars. 以满足对新车需求的增加，工人们正全力以赴地工作。我斩钉

42、截铁地告诉他“不”。 I told him flat out “No”.flat-out black-and-blueUnit 6: Language and Cultural Pointsgiven prep. when you consider sth 考虑到，鉴于Examples: Given childrens helplessness and defenselessness, adults are responsible for granting them special protection. 鉴于儿童不能自立，不能自卫,成年人有责任给予他们特殊保护。Given poor immu

43、nity, children and old people are advised not to stay in an air-conditioned room for too long. 鉴于儿童和老人免疫力差，建议他们不要长期呆在空调房里。Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointsovertake v. 1. (of sth. unpleasant) to reach suddenly and unexpectedly 2. to develop or increase more quickly than sb./sth. else and e more su

44、ccessful, more important, or more advanced than themExamples: We mustnt let ourselves be overtaken by our competitors.我们决不能让竞争对手超过我们 。她突然感到一阵恐慌 。 Sudden panic overtook her .Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointsdistortion distort v. to twist or change facts, ideas, etc. so that they are no longer corr

45、ect or trueExample: Newspapers are often guilty of distorting the truth. 报章常犯歪曲事实的错误。misrepresentation n. to give information about sb/sth that is not true or complete so that other people have the wrong impression about them / itUnit 6: Language and Cultural Pointsinsult n. a remark or action that

46、is offensive or deliberately rudev. to offend sb. by saying or doing sth. they think is rudeExamples: Their behavior was an insult to the people they present . 他们的行为是对他们所代表的人们的一种侮辱 。我并非故意要冒犯你 。 I did not mean to insult you .Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointswatch over take care of sb / sth to guar

47、d and protect sb / sth 照顾，监督，保护 Will you watch over my clothes while I have a swim? Examples: She stayed up all night to watch over the sick infant. Watch over your valuable remote property.Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointsamid circumstancescircumstance events or conditions which have an effect o

48、n a situation, on what is done or on the way sth. is doneunder (in) certain / appropriate / distressed / compelled / tragic/poor / reduced circumstancesExamples: In some circumstances it may be necessary for the manager to come here in person. 在某些情况下，经理需要亲自来。Even under the most favourable circumstan

49、ces this is not easy. 甚至在最有利的情况下这也不容易。Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointssink v. (informal) to prevent sb or sbs plans from succeeding 使失败，使受挫Examples: I think Ive just sunk my chances of getting the job. 在某些情况下，经理需要亲自来。If the car breaks down, well be sunk. (=have serious problems) 要是车坏了，咱们可就惨了。Uni

50、t 6: Language and Cultural Pointsexhaust v. 1. to make sb. feel extremely tired 2. to use all of sth. so that there is none leftExamples: All this studying, including part-time jobs, exhausted me but I knew I had to keep going. 所有这些学习，再加上兼职工作，让我感到筋疲力尽，但我知道我必须坚持下去 。只要还有可能，就别放弃 。 Dont give up until yo

51、u exhausted all the possibilities .arduous adj. involving a lot of effort and energy, esp. over a period of time 艰苦的，艰难的Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointsventure into / on sth to do sth, even though it involves risksExamples: This is the first time the company has ventured into movie production.这是

52、这家公司首次涉足电影制作。他们神经紧张地硬着头皮下水。 They ventured nervously into the water.Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointsdisgrace n. the loss of other peoples respect because you have done sth. they strongly disapprove of v. to behave badly in a way that makes you or other people feel ashamed Examples: His vice presi

53、dent also had to resign in disgrace . 他的副总统也只得不光彩地辞职了 。他的言论玷污了他在公众当中的形象 。 His words disgraced his good image in front of the public .humiliate v. make sb. feel ashamed or stupid and lose the respect of other people 羞辱，使丧失尊严 (humiliation n.)Unit 6: Language and Cultural PointsShe resisted assistance

54、taking them off, and watching her struggle both saddened and annoyed me. She refused to let other people help her take off her socks. Watching her making great effort to take off her socks, I felt both sad and annoyed.Paraphrase:Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointstesty a. easily annoyed or irritate

55、d 易怒的，暴躁的，不耐烦的 SNY irritableExamples: a testy old man testy remarksThe old man sounded testy. 听说话这个老头性情暴躁。Unit 6: Language and Cultural Points pany v. ( formal) travel, or go somewhere with sb. 陪伴 Examples: His wife panied him on the trip.I must ask you to pany me to the police station.keep them com

56、pany when you are with other people and not alone The two girls enjoy each others company. Ritas husband is away for the week, so I thought Id go over and keep her company. companion n. mate; one who associates with or panies another 同伴；伴侣Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointshop v. 1. (of a person) t

57、o move by jumping on one foot 2. (AmE) hop a plane, bus, train, etc. to get on a plane, bus, etc. Examples: I couldnt put my weight on my ankle and had to hop everywhere. 我有一个脚脖子使不上劲，不得不单脚跳来跳去。 She could hop on to the bus.她可以跳上公交车。 Just like the other technicians we met before, he was nice enough bu

58、t seemed surprised by the request, as if my mother were the first person he met that was so stiff, but I do not think it was true because he definitely met other patients like my mother.Unit 6: Language and Cultural Points He, like the other technicians we met along the way, was nice enough but seem

59、ed surprised by the request, as if she were the first person of her age and stiffness hed ever seen, which seemed to me somewhere between unlikely and impossible . Paraphrase:Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointsutter v. (fml.) to make a sound with your voice; to say sth. Examples: She did not utter

60、a word during lunch . 吃午饭时，她一言未发 。我们在测验时没有说过一句话 。 We didnt utter a word during the test .Unit 6: Language and Cultural Pointsreversal n. 1. reversal of sth: a change of sth so that it is the opposite 2. an exchange of positions or functions between two or more peopleExamples: the reversal of a decis