施心远主编听力教程3Unit8答案

1、UNIT 8Secti on One Tactics for Liste ning Part 1 Spot Dictati onCorporate Social Respo nsibility (企业的社会责任)Once upon a time, all- or almost all- bus in esses were (1) greedy and rapacious, sparing a thought for their (2) workers or the environment only in order to (3) work out how to exploit them. Th

2、en bosses found their (4) consciences , guided (or sometimes forced) by (5) customers or critics from the (6) non-profit world. They discovered the idea that companies should not exist only to make a profit but to (7)serve society . Thus corporatesocial resp on sibility (CSR) got its (8) start as a

3、bus in ess fashi on, and it is now hard to find a firm that has not (9)come up with an earnest(10) statement about its relations with the wider world.CSR is closely linked with the principles of (11) Sustainable Development in proposing that enterprises should (12) be obliged to make decisi ons base

4、d not only on the finan cial factors but also on the social and environmental (13)consequences of their activities. Issues like environmental damage, improper treatment of workers and (14) faulty product ion lead ing to customers inconvenience or dan ger,(15) arehighlighted in the media.Someinvestor

5、s and investment fund managers have begun to(16) takeaccount of a corporation s policy in making (17) investment decisions .Someconsumers have becomeincreasingly sensitive to the CSRperformanee of the companies （18） from which they buy their goods and services. These trends （19） have contributed to

6、the pressure on companies to （20） operate in an econo mically, socially and en vir onmen tally susta in able way.Part 2 Listening for GistSmall retailers across the United States are facing the samechallenge: competiti on from shopp ing malls （大型购物中心）and cha in stores （连锁 店）.But, i n dow ntow n Dick

7、s on, Tenn essee, a group ofretail mercha nts（零售商）have banded together（紧密团结起来）to win back （赢回）theircustomers who have bee n attracted to shopp ing areas （商业圈）in then eighbori ng big city.Dicks on is a typical small America n city. It has quietreside ntialareas （居民区）and a nice little downtown that wa

8、s once a thriving retailcen ter. But accord ing to David Hamilt on, preside nt of Dicks ons Chamber of Commerce（商会），highway con struct ion over the past several years changed that. Being just 65kilometers away from a big city like Nashville, Mr Hamilt on says, prese nts ano ther challenge to Dicks o

9、ns dow ntow n shopping area. Because were so close to Nashville, andbecause so many people work in Nashville, when they think about shopping, they think ofgoing to Nashville malls.But small business owners in downtown Dickson didnt give up. Instead, they decided tofight back. More than 40 of them fo

10、unded the Retail Merchants Association ofDowntownDickson. Membersof the newassociation are committed to success; they pay monthly dues （月缴会费）and meet periodically to suggest and discuss creative ways of attracting more shoppers to downtown. Mr. Williams says one idea is creating events modeled on th

11、e annual Christmas parade through the downtown area that attracts a large number of city residents. Free refreshments（茶点，小吃）and giveaways （免费样品）will be part of these regular events. Mr. Williams says the group is also planning to beautify the downtown area with plants and paint.Though it might seem

12、hard to compete with big chain stores, small retailers have an advantage. They have a personal approach in serving customers. Chamber of Commerce president David Hamilton agrees. He says retailers in his city serve customers well, and customers in return, should support them by shopping in their sto

13、res.The downtown area is the heart of a city. And members of Dicksons new Retail Merchants Association are determined to work together to keep the heart beating - to revitalize （使。恢复生气） downtown Dickson so it is once again a busy, welcoming place for people to come and shop.ExerciseDirections: Liste

14、n to the passage and find its topic sentence.The topic sentence is In dow ntow n Dicks on Tenn essee, a group of retail merchants have banded together to win back their customers who have been attracted to shopp ing areas inthe n eighbori ng big city.Secti on Two Liste ning Comprehe nsionPart 1 Dial

15、ogueHav ing Their Babies at Home-What about .um. the number of mothers who are now choosing to havetheir babies at home. Is that a, a grow ing nu mber in Australia?-Its still a very very small proportion at the momentand therefore many, um, hospitals are thi nking of actually in troduci ng birthi ng

16、 cen ters, birthing units. Wehave one at our hospital at the moment, where the, the unit is set up as a bedroom and a kitchen and the womancan actually walk around in comfort and just pretend its her own home.-So its like a home in the hospital?-Yeah, its like a littlemaisonette in the hospital and,

17、 er, its soclose by to the theatre and delivery suites （产房）that if anything should go wrong （出故 障）and did go wrong they could be movedaround quite quickly and safely.-Margaret, do you think its safe to have a baby at home?-There are risks invo lved, er, I pers on ally would prefer not to have my bab

18、y at home. I mean it would be （well youre a midwife . I know itwould be quite ideal but the risk of something going wrong and if I wasto lose that baby I think that I would be quite devastated.-Arent there dangers in hospital because there are more people involved?-There are dangers in hospital, I m

19、ean you, you wouldnt want to know（抗葡that there is a particularly resistant staphylococcal infection（抗葡萄球菌感染）running around the hospital and, er, that would be quite a risk. In some countries its been proven that having the baby at home is as safe as having a baby in hospital.-Does it get a lot of en

20、couragement having, er, a baby at home?-I dont think so, no, it doesnt. I think . um . doctors and .I think mainly doctors probably, I think they scare the womensaying, well this might go wrong or that might go wrong at homeso its better for you to come into hospital.ExerciseDirections: Listen to th

21、e dialogue and answer the following questions.Its like a little maisonette, a home in the hospital.Because its still a very small proportion of mothers who are nowchoosing to have their babies at homeat the momentand the birthing unit is set up as a bedroom and a kitchen and the womancan actually wa

22、lk around in comfort and just pretend its her own home.Because its so close by to the theatre and delivery suites that ifanything should go wrong and did go wrong they could be movedaround quite quickly and safely.Something may go wrong during the delivery and that would be quite devastating.There c

23、ould be a particularly resistant staphylococcal infection running around thehospital.Part2 PassageBridging GenerationsSeniors today are better educated, healthier, and more vivacious than at any time in our nations history.They are active, energetic, and willing and can meet manyprogram needs throug

24、h their volunteer efforts.Because they are living longer than ever before, seniors can anticipate up to 30 years of productive activity after retirement.Whenchoosing where and how to volunteer, seniors should pick the type of activity that best suits their personal goals as well as the needs of the

25、recipients.We want to help them embrace the world with their numerous gifts and talents, instead of the world embracing them with handcuffs and incarceration.Mention the word retirement, and youll likely invoke a range of reactions.Some think of retirement as a rite of passage （人生大事），others as atime

26、 to relax. The cynical * may view it as a point beyond which one can no longer contribute to society.This is far from the truth! Seniors today are better educated, healthier, and more vivacious than at any time in our nations history. They are active, energetic, and willing and can meet many program

27、 needs through their volunteer efforts. Seniors are a valuable resource with manygifts to offer - among them, experience, patience, skills, time, and wealth - that areunique to them.The senior population, and its proportion relative to the rest of thepopulation, is increasing rapidly. The Corporatio

28、n for National and Community Service (CNS) estimates that, in 2000, some 35 million people aged 65 or older were living in the United States, accounting for 13% of the total population. The aging baby boomgeneration is expected to double the senior population over the next 30 years. And because they

29、 are living longer than ever before, seniors can anticipate* up to 30 years of productive activity after retirement.Seniors share their gifts and life experiences to address issues in school systems, public safety, the environment, and other human needs.Manyseniors do not volunteer through formal pr

30、ograms. Someare one-time volunteers;others volunteer for a seasonal or special event. When choosing where and how to volunteer, seniors should pick the type of activity that best suits their personal goals as well as the needs of the recipients. Most importantly, be creative, selective, and have fun

31、 -like the volunteers featured here.Like manyAmericans, Eloise Bowers and Joan Gross recognized the need for additional support for juveniles as they develop and mature into adults. These seniors, however, decided to give back to their community and develop positive relationships with juveniles thro

32、ugh FGP.The grandmas, now in their second year with the program, have helped more than 50 of the most at-risk youth in the District of Columbia turn their lives around. It is our job to help youth link with their peers and the community, as well as help their community and their peers linkwith them,

33、 they stress. For the link to be strong, it must be mutual. Someyouth in the program have children of their ownand need child-rearing tips. Others use inappropriate language and need to expand their vocabulary. Many respond with violence and need avenues to vent* anger, whereas others dress inapprop

34、riately and need fashion tips （时尚锦 囊,1颂占士）. Weare committed to helping these youth help themselves, Bowers explains. Wewant to help them embrace the world with their numerous gifts and talents, instead of the world embracing them with handcuffs and incarceration. Bowers and Gross say their goals as

35、foster grandparents are to serve as role models; makeappropriate referrals for resources; teach respect with language and dress; share ways to manage anger, conflict, and anxiety; support successful transitions to mainstream schools, job training, and employment; and provide sincere love and underst

36、anding.A： Pre-listening QuestionGovernmental provision for social security is slow to develop in the US, though there are now some elements of a comprehensive system, with some serious gaps, as well as variations between the states.For both old age and illness, provision is now partly private, partl

37、y public. Most Americans when at work make some provision for their retirement, through savings, investment and insurance policies, company or union pension funds. Federal government social security provides pensions for retired people, and also unemployment benefit for six months, based on compulso

38、ry contributions by people at work. The rate of the pension givesan income above the official poverty line, and sufficient for minimal comfort, but only about a quarter of median earnings from employment. It is not related to a persons income from private pensions or other sources.B： Sentence Dictat

39、ionDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.C： Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.1.C 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.D 7.D 8. DD： After-listening DiscussionDirections:

40、Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1. Bowers and Gross say their goals as foster grandparents are to serve as role models;make appropriate referrals for resources; teach respect with language and dress; share ways to manageanger, conflict, and anxiety; support successful

41、 transitions to mainstream schools, job training, and employment; and provide sincere love and understanding.It is our job to help youth link with their peers and the community, aswell as help their community and their peers link with them. We wantto help them embrace the world with their numerous g

42、ifts and talents, instead of the world embracing them with handcuffs and incarceration. 2. (Open)Section Three NewsNews Item 1A research team led by Dr. Carle Pieters of Brown University announced the results at a NASA news conference on Thursday.Using data from an American instrument flying on Indi

43、an satellite - and confirming data from two other spacecraft - they found water pretty much all over the moon, though more toward the poles and concentrated at the lunar surface.Carle Pieters spoke of water, as did the other scientists, and certainly the news reports have headlined water found on th

44、e moon. But another member of the research team, Jack Mustard, also of Brown, said its unclear whether theyre seeingwater - a molecule with two atoms ofhydrogen and one of oxygen - H20 - or hydroxyl, a chemical with only one hydrogen atom - OH.That data comes not from examining the rocks on the moon

45、 directly, but from analyzing spectrographs of the light reflected from the moon. Different chemicals have different spectrographic signatures, but those of water and hydroxyl are very similar.Finding water, if thats what it is, probably wont be of much use to any future humanvisitors to the Moon. B

46、ut it may be an additional clue as scientists try to work out how the moon and the planets were formed.A: Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This n ews item is about the water discovery on the moon.B. Directions: listen to the news item again and complete the following char

47、t.Announ ceme nts from NASA News Con fere neeFindingsWater pretty much over the moon, though more toward the poles, and concen trated at the lunar surface.SourceData from an American instrument flying on an Indian satellite, and confirming data from two other spacecrafts.Con troversyIt s unclear whe

48、ther they re seeing water or hydroxyl.Reas ons for differe nt opinionsThat data comes not from exam ining the rocks on the moon directly, but from analyzing spectrographs of the light reflected from the moon. Differe nt chemicals have differe ntspectrographicsig natures, but those of water and hydro

49、xyl are very similar.News Item 2First Spacema n from AfricaThe Soyuz rocket lifted off on schedule Thursday morni ng from launch pad number one at Russias Baikonur base in Kazakhstan. Aboard was the ships comma nder, vetera n cosm on aut Yuri Gidze nko, Italia n Air Force pilot Roberto Vittori and S

50、outh Africa n In ternet en trepre neur*MarkShuttleworth. The 28-year-old multimillio naire had trained for eight mon ths and spe nt a reported $20 millio n to fulfill his childhood dream of going into space. Family members who had flown to Kazakhstan for theoccasion watched the liftoff reportedly wi

51、th big smiles and tears of joy.The Soyuz will fly to the International Space Station, where it isexpected to dock on Saturday. The crews main mission is to deliver a new Soyuz capsule to be kept at the space station for use as an escape vehicle if n eeded. Mark Shuttleworth is also to con duct exper

52、ime nts on how an imal stem cells react in zero gravity.The space tourists trip has bee n warmly welcomed in South Africa, where his adventure has received blanket media coverage. He is the firstAfrica n to go into space and has bee n dubbed the Afron aut by many back home, in clud ing Nels on Man d

53、ela.Russia initiated the space tourism idea, seeing it as a way to bring badly needed cash into its ailing space program.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the first spaceman from Africa and his adve nture with astr on auts.Exercise BDirect

54、ions: Listen to the news again and complete the followingpassage.The Soyuz rocket lifted off on schedule at Russias Baikonurbase inand South Africa nKazakhsta n. Aboard was the ships comma nder an Italia n Air Force pilotand South Africa nIn ternet en trepre neur Mark Shuttleworth. Theeight mon ths

55、and spe nt a28-year-old multimilli on aire had trained foreight mon ths and spe nt areported $20 million to fulfill his childhood dream of going into space. Membersof his family watched the launch with big smiles and tears of joy.The Soyuz will fly to the International Space Station , where it is ex

56、pected to dock on Saturday . The crews main mission is to deliver a new Soyuz capsule for use as an escape vehicle if n eeded. Mark Shuttleworth is also to con duct experime nts on how an imalstem cells react in zerogravity . He is the first African to go into space and has been dubbed the Afronaut

57、by many back home.News Item 340 years after man Ian ded on the moon, and 39 years after Lovell returned to Earth, NASA plans to retire the Space Shuttle in 2010. It is the only vehicle NASAhas to carry astronauts into space. At the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama in late July, NA

58、SA heldmeetings with an independent review panel （独立评审委员会）commissionedby Preside nt Barack Obama to evaluate the future of manned space flight（载人航天飞行）.Part of the meet ing focused on the n ext gen erati on spacecraft that would replace the Space Shuttle Orbiter （航天飞机轨道器）.NASA is developing the Const

59、ellationprogram （星座计戈 U） , a beefed-up Apollo-likeinitiative. It uses a rocket, called Ares, to put a single-use spacecraft,called the Orion, into orbit, and eve ntually back to the moon.Another option favored by the presidential panel is extending the life of the Space Shuttle through 2014, keeping

60、 it flying missions until a new spacecraft is ready for flight. The panel is also reviewing an extension to the proposed life （拟用年限） of the Intern ati onal Space Stati on, currently scheduled to end its mission by 2015.A: Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is