《应激性心肌病》课件

1、应激性心肌病Stress Cardiomyopathy，SCDiagnosis, Pathophysiology,Management, and Prognosis武汉亚洲心脏病医院徐承义History1991年日本学者Dote等报道心理或躯体应激状态可以诱发一过性左心室功能不全，由于在收缩末期左心室造影呈底部圆隆、颈部狭小的图像，类似日本古代捉捕章鱼的篓子，而被命名为“Tako-tsudo”(章鱼瘘)心肌病1997年法国的心脏病学家Dominique Pavin报道了2例类似的病例，指出应激状态时儿茶酚胺水平升高和该病明显相关，并且提出了应激性心肌病的概念2006年AHA关于心肌病的科学声明

2、中，将其分类为一种独立的心肌病，正式命名为应激性心肌病DefinitionSC is a reversible cardiomyopathy,with a clinical presentation mimicking Acute coronary syndrome in the absence of significant coronary artery diseaseTako-tsubo cardiomyopathy, Apical Ballooning syndrome,and ampulla cardiomyopathyBroken Heart syndrome，Transient C

3、ardiac Ballooning syndrome应激性心肌病是应激因素诱发的类似急性冠脉综合征临床表现，伴有可逆性左室收缩功能障碍的一种临床综合征Mayo CriteriaTransient hypokinesis, akinesis, or dyskinesis in the left ventricle midsegments with or without apical involvement, regional wall motion abnormality extending beyond a single epicardial vascular distribution, th

4、e presence of a stress trigger 左心室心尖和中部区域室壁运动短暂、超出单一血管供血范围的可逆性收缩功能丧失或异常，并存在应激因素Criteria proposed by the Mayo Clinic in 2004 and modified in 2008INCIDENCEThe incidence of SC is likely underrecognizedApproximately 1% to 2% of patients presenting with an initial diagnosis ACS actually have SC 发病率不明确，1%

5、-2%的ACS患者实为SCUnderestimated for a variety of reasons：nonavailability of cardiac catheterization facilities in many regions the possibility for noncardiac presentationlack of a consensus of diagnostic criteria may contribute to misdiagnosisPRESENTATIONIt occurs most commonly in postmenopausal Women（9

6、0%）, mean age between 58 and 75 yrsSC seems to have an association with hypertension, COPD, and bronchial asthmaSC mimics ACS in most patients，acute substernal chest pain and dyspnea .shock, syncope, and cardiac arrest have been reported rarely2/3 of patients with emotional or physical stressDiffere

7、ntiate SC from anterior STEMIPresence of ST segment depression in lead avR and absence of ST segment elevation in lead V1 identified SC with 91% sensitivity, 96% specificity,and 95% predictive accuracyLABORATORY FINDINGSElevations in troponin and creatine kinase MB are typically mild Severe hemodyna

8、mic compromise is out of proportion and in contrast to the degree of cardiac enzyme elevationTroponin T levels ranged from 0.01 to 5.2 ng/mLCARDIAC CATHETERIZATION Coronary angiography Left ventriculographyA RAO end systolic leftventriculogram in typical variant (apical ballooning) of SC.B RAO end-d

9、iastolic ventriculogram in typical variant of SC.C RAO end-systolic left ventriculogram in atypical variant (basal ballooning) of SC. D RAO end-diastolic ventriculogram in atypical variant of SC.IMAGINGEchocardiographyventricular ballooning，wall motion abnormalities，decrease in EFNuclear Imagingusin

10、g Tc-99m，impairment of myocardial perfusionMagnetic Resonance Imagingpatients with SC do not show hyper-enhancement on delayed contrast enhancement MRIPATHOPHYSIOLOGYThe causal mechanisms remain uncertain 机制不明确 Stunned myocardium resulting from brief periods of ischemia owing to vasospasm is one pos

11、sibility 心肌顿抑（冠脉痉挛引起短暂心肌缺血所致）是一种可能的机制MANAGEMENTThe treatment of patients with SC is mainly supportive 目前尚无标准化的治疗方案,去除诱发因素很关键,加强对症支持治疗Patients with shock, cautious use of inotropic agents such as dobutamine and dopamine 谨慎使用受体兴奋剂以及多巴胺或多巴酚丁胺，必要时可考虑IABP支持It is reasonable to treat SC with -blocker, ACE

12、inhibitor and if pulmonary edema evelops,diuretics 受体阻滞剂、ACEI或ARB被推荐使用，受体阻滞剂可预防2.7%-8%的病人复发PROGNOSISSC has a favorable prognosis with in-hospital mortality 1%, with death more common in the setting of outflow obstructionThe 4-year recurrence rate of SC has been reported to be 11.4% ,but without any

13、significant difference in survival in an age and gender-matched population over the same duration SC长期预后相对较好, 避免情绪激动,在预防复发中非常重要既往史、个人史及家族史无特殊。入院查体：T 36.6，P 98bpm，R 20bpm，BP 140/80mmHg，肺部以及查体无阳性体征；HR 104次/分，律绝对不齐，S1强弱不等，各瓣膜听诊区未闻及杂音；双下肢无水肿院前辅助检查：2013年11月4日我院ECG:1.心房颤动2.前壁导联ST-T改变。UCG:1.双房扩大 室间隔,左室前壁室壁运动幅度减低,三尖瓣轻度反流, 左室收缩功能稍减低,心包腔少量积液 心律不齐;2.先天性心脏病：房间隔小缺损（筛孔型，左向右分流）。cTnI 0.096ng/ml急诊室UCG入院诊断冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病 急性前壁心肌梗死 心房颤动 心功能I级（Killip分级）监测ECG 12013.11.04监测ECG 211.0511.06监测cTnI应激因素-SMA栓塞入院后治疗方案：抗血