（本科）新编大学英语写作revised chapter 3ppt课件（全）

1、新编大学英语写作revised chapter 3 新编大学英语写作College English Writing：A New Course BookTeaching ObjectivesIn this part you will learnto organize different types of essayto improve the essayTeaching Contents3.1 Essay Organizations3.2 Essay Types and Imitation3.3 Essay Improvements3.1 Essay organizationsTitleI. I

2、ntroduction thesis statement （main idea）II. Body sub-idea 1;sub-idea 2; sub-idea 3 supporting detail： supporting detail： supporting detail： III. ConclusionLook at the sample essays3.2 Essay Types and ImitationEssay Types-narration-description-exposition-argumentation 3.2 Essay Types and Imitation3.2

3、.1 NarrationA narrative is an account of an event or a series of events. Narrative writing includes stories, biographies, histories, and news items. 3.2.1 NarrationFive aspects:purposeselection of detailscontext：3 wh-organization: chonological; flashbackpoint of viewPersonal experience narrativeCons

4、truct a topic sentenceUse the first person point of viewPresent it in chronological orderSelect only the detailsConnect the details by using transitionsPersonal experience narrativeNarrator: first personStructure:1.begining: topic sentence ( who, when, where, what, why, how.), describing the whole e

5、vent2. body: present the experience in chronological order ( using some transitions: afterward, later, when, soon, while, before, then.)3. end: summarize the whole text and show the theme 3.2 Essay Types and Imitation3.2.2 DescriptionDefinition:a way of picturing images verbally in speech or writing

6、 and of arranging those images in some kind of logical pattern.a way of perceiving things. It presents the appearance of things.Whether they are objects, people, buildings, cities or scenes, descriptive writing is essentially visual.A good description must creates a main impressionan overall effect,

7、 feeling, or imageabout the topic.3.2.2 DescriptionPurpose: to share sensory impressions and to record thoughts and feelings stimulated by these impressions, or, put in other words, a description is both an objective relaying of sensory data and a subjective interpretation of these data.1. Establish

8、 a dominant impression2. Appeal to ones senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch.3. Use concrete, specific details to support the main impressionWays to develop a description writing3.2.2 Description1. Establish a dominant impressionDecide on a dominant impressionan overall attitude, mood or

9、feeling about the subject you are describing.Once you have a dominant impression firmly in mind, select the descriptive details that will best convey this impression to the reader and all your sentences should support or prove the topic sentence (or thesis statement).3.2.2 Description2. Appeal to se

10、nsesThrough the use of words rich in sensory details（sight, sound, touch, smell and taste), you can give a feeling to the reader so that he may experience the same sensory and emotional effects that the writer is trying to communicate.3.2.2 Description3. Use concrete, specific detailsBe specific, no

11、t vagueElaborate (add more details and expand your idea)Use vivid vocabulary (nouns, verbs and adjectives)3.2.2 DescriptionDescribe a personWhat you know about the person Physical appearance; personality; behavior; thoughts What others say about the person Ability and interests, brief stories, anecd

12、otes; 3.2.2 DescriptionDescribe a placeAppearance, location, population, surroundings, history, geological and economic introduction, etc.The feeling or mood the place can bring to peopleIts distinction from other places3.2.2 DescriptionDescribe an objectShape, size, color, texture, taste or smellIt

13、s functionIts most important characteristics3.2.2 DescriptionPoint of viewDescriptive writing usually develops from a mental angle from which the writer considers the subject so that it is easier for readers to follow.Two terms usually pertain to descriptive writing: the first person and the third p

14、erson. 3.2.2 DescriptionPoint of viewWhen conveying personal experiences, the point of view will be the first person, which can be either involved ( as a participant) or uninvolved (as an observer). When presenting something from a detached position, especially from a geographical or historical dist

15、ance, the point of view will be the third person, and the reference to the subject is by name or by a third-person pronoun.3.2.2 DescriptionOrder Three most effective patterns:the chronological pattern; the spatial pattern; the scale-of-importance pattern; or sometimes a combination of these3.2.2 De

16、scriptionAssignment Choose one thing to describe and write (imitate the sample essays or create on ones own)3.2.2 Description3.2 Essay Types and Imitation3.2.3 ExpositionAn expository essay explains something, such as how something is made, why something has happened, in what ways two persons or thi

17、ngs are similar or different and so on. Exposition is explanation. Expository writing is nonfiction writing, and it sets forth ideas, facts, values, arguments, and the like. For example, the essay and much journalism are expository in nature. Remember that exposition sometimes overlaps with narratio

18、n ( telling by sequence or time order) and description (showing sth. by seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, touching). Narration or description can be a part of exposition or vice versa.Aside from clarity, the key problem with exposition is credibility. What makes your explanation believable?3.2.3 E

19、xposition 1. Giving examples/illustration2. Cause and effect (analyzing what is cause why something happen; when something happen, what are the cause(s) ;problem and solution3. Comparison and contrast4. Classification and division 5. Process/sequence or order6. Defining (giving definition) 3.2.3 Exp

20、osition 1. Illustration Facts speak louder than words. Writers often use examples, facts, data, credential quotations or citations to explain and convince their views. This is one of the most effective ways to write exposition.The examples should be specific and typical, interesting and relevant. Th

21、ey may be either personal experience or second-hand information from reliable sources.3.2.3 Exposition 2. Cause and effectCause-effect relationships may be shown in various ways in addition to the single cause-effect type; it is more often presented in forms of single cause vs. multiple effects, mul

22、tiple causes vs. single effect, multiple causes and effects, or chains of causes and effects. Cause = reasoneffect = result/outcome3.2.3 Exposition CauseCauseCauseEffect3.2.3 Exposition Result Cause 1.Cause 2. Cause 3. Facts or examplesFacts or examplesFacts or examples3.2.3 Exposition There are sev

23、eral reasons why so many people attend the Olympic games or watch them on television. One reason is tradition. The name Olympics and the torch and flame remind people of the ancient games. People can escape the ordinariness of daily life by attending or watching the Olympics. They like to identify w

24、ith someone elses individual sacrifice and accomplishment. National pride is another reason, and an athletes or a teams hard earned victory becomes a nations victory. There are national medal counts and people keep track of how many medals their countrys athletes have won. 3.2.3 Exposition why, reas

25、ons are, if.then, because, because of, as, for, now that, since, the cause of/the reason for is ,in case (of), in the event of, for this reason as a result, therefore, so, subsequently, consequently, hence, thus, verb: cause, produce, bring out/forth, result in, lead to, contribute to, prompt, rende

26、rRemember to use may, might, perhaps, possibly, probably, seemingly, likely, presumably, etc. when you are not so sure of the cause or effect and to use certainly, definitely, surely, absolutely, 100 percent, perfectly, etc. when you are sure of the cause and result.effecteffectcause3.2.3 Exposition

27、 3. Comparison and contrast Comparison usually identifies similarities and contrast points out differences.3.2.3 Exposition 4. Classification and divisionDivision is used to separate one thing into parts. It lays emphasis on the distinctions or differences between things.Classification is used to or

28、ganize things which have something in common. It emphasizes similarities.3.2.3 Exposition 5. sequence/order Chronological sequence, i.e., time order:1) First,2) Second,3)Third4)FinallySpatial sequence:From to, next to, near=in the proximity of, at the top/bottom of , on the right/left3.2.3 Expositio

29、n 6. By definitionDefinition is a method we use to distinguish one thing from all other things by answering questions such as “what is it?”, “What are its limits or boundaries?”.Definition can be found in almost all expository or persuasive writings: scientific essays, textbooks, dictionaries, encyc

30、lopedia articles, news stories, manuals, government publications and so on.3.2.3 Exposition AssignmentChoose one thing to explain and draft the first part (imitate the sample essays or create on ones own)3.2.3 Exposition 3.2 Essay Types and Imitation3.2.4 Argumentation or PersuasionIn argumentative essays, you are writing to convince others by presenting solid, supported arguments. A good persuasion mu