专四语法讲解(从句)课件

1、从 句副词性（状语）从句副词在句中起状语作用，故如果起状语作用的部分为一个句子，那么该句便是副词性从句，也称状语从句。状语从句可细分为：时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、比较、方式等。状语从句的测试重点为：考查对主从句之间逻辑意义关系的把握，看其是否能选择正确的从属连词。1.让步状语从句 让步状语从句：除了2000，2007年没考，其他年份都考过（1）由though, although, even if / though引导的状语从句 （2）as引导的让步状语从句 (3) while 引导的让步状语从句 （4) no matter how/ what / when / where, h

2、owever, whatever 引导的让步状语从句 (5）特殊让步状语从句 真题讲解1. _ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay. (09, 54)A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Whichever D. HoweverA2. _ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. (08, 55)A. Much

3、enough B. Much asC. As much D. Though muchB2.条件状语从句 引导词除if外，还有unless, provided / providing (that), so / as long as, on condition that, suppose / supposing (that), in the event that, whether or not 可表示选择条件句。 从句的省略。当条件状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，并且从句谓语含有be时，可以将从句主语和be一起省略。 这被称为带连词的无动词状语从句。如：Although (he is) very y

4、oung, he works as hard as an adult.The child is never peevish unless (he is) sick.真题讲解1. He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, _ that he paid me back the following week. (05, 64)A. on occasion B. on purpose C. on condition D. only ifC4.原因状语从句 常用引导词since, as, because, in that, 等(1

5、)in that引导原因从句时,有时翻译成“是因为”、“就在于”。如:Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication in that the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us to find and correct our mistakes.5. 方式状语从句主要由as 引导，as if / though, the way, rath

6、er than, much as真题举例1. Nine is to three three is to one. (08, 53)A. when B. thatC. whichD. whatD【语法点】方式状语从句【详解】 这是固定句型，用来指what前后两句话有着相类似的内在联系，即“A对B就如A1对B1”，类似的句子还有：Water is to fish what air is to men. 此句型中的what也可以用as。 真题举例1. Have you ever been in a situation _ you know the other person is right yet

7、you cannot agree with him? (02, 54)A. by which B. that C. in where D. whereD2. She remembered several occasions in the past _ she had experienced a similar feeling. (98, 42)A. which B. before C. that D. whenD3. 限制性和非限制性定语从句1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响

8、主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)2)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

9、Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。真题举例1. Weve just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment, _ should make great differences in our life next summer. (02, 55)A. which B. what C. that D. theyA2. They overcome all the difficulties and completed the proje

10、ct two months ahead of time, _ is something we had not expected. (03, 61)A. which B. it C. that D. whatA真题举例The party, _ I was the guest of honor, was extremely enjoyable. (06,53)A. by which B. for whichC. to which D. at whichD 6. 注意whose的用法 whose在从句中做定语，修饰名词。所以，如果关系代词后面紧接的是名词，且关系代词又不在从句中做主语或宾语，那么，这

11、个关系代词就应该是whose。如 真题举例Above the trees are the hills, _ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.(03,53)A. where B. of whose C. whose D. whichC【译文】树丛之上是巍峨的群山，倒映在水面之上清晰可见。(3)先行词由形容词最高级或序数词修饰或由next，last, only, very修饰时，用that；(4)非限定性定语从句只能用which引导；(5)关系代词前面如果有介词，只能用which。7. 关系代词that与which

12、用于引导定语从句的区别(1)如果关系代词在从句中做宾语，用that, which都可以，而且可以省略；(2)先行词是不定代词anything, nothing, little, all, everything时，关系代词用that； I was very interested in _ she told me. (09, 56)A. all that B. all which C. all what D. thatA真题举例1. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man he was twenty years

13、 ago. ( 2003, 52)A. which B. that C. who D. whomB【详解】这里的the man并不指某个人，而是强调某个状态、属性、身份，所以不能选择who / whom，同时which也不合题意。因此本句中的限制性定语从句需要用关系代词that引导，表示强调。故B正确。 名词性从句一个句子起名词的作用，在句中做主语、宾语介词宾语、表语、同位语，那么这个句子就是名词性从句。主语从句That the earth goes around the sun is well-known to everybody.Whether he will come to the me

14、eting is up to his boss. (此时不能用if )Whoever says so is a liar. When and where the 2008 Olympic Games will be held has been decided. 注意主语从句的一些常见句型。如：It is reported that 椐报道 It must be pointed out that 必须指出的是 It is likely that 很可能的是 .;. It is a good thing that 很好的是 It happens that 碰巧的是 同位语从句同位语从句的特点是由一个抽象名词+that从句构成，引导词一般是that, 而且that在从句中不充当任何成分。这些抽象名词有：