中考英语语法复习 之状语从句

1、 状语从句【语法内容】状语从句是主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等的从句。由于其功能与副词非常相近，又叫作副词性从句。状语从句一般可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句和方式状语从句九种。时间状语从句when引导时间状语从句when表示“当.时”，引导的从句谓语可以用延续性动词，也可以用非延续性动词。when引导的从句的谓语动词所表示的动作可以发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前、之后，也可同时发生。It was snowing when we got to the airport. 我们到达机场时，正下着雪

2、。When the meal was finished, Rachel washed up and made coffee. 吃完饭，雷切尔洗了碗并煮了咖啡。while引导时间状语从句while we were dancing, a stranger came in. 我们正跳舞时，一个陌生人走了进来。They arrived while we were having dinner. 他们来时我们正在吃饭。as引导时间状语从句as表示“当.时；一边.一边”，强调主从句动作同时进行，从句的时间概念淡化，主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件。 I saw a postman standing down

3、stairs as I opened the window. 我打开窗子时，看到一个邮递员站在楼下。Youll know better and better about yourself as you grow older. 随着年龄的增长，你就会越来越了解自己。until/till引导时间状语从句until/till指的是某一延续性行为持续到某一时间点。主句谓语为非延续性动词时用否定句式，主句谓语为延续性动词时用肯定句式。Ill wait until/till the concert is over. 我会一直等到音乐会结束。Dont leave until/till I arrive. 我

4、不来你不要离开。since引导时间状语从句since引导的从句常用一般过去时，表示自某一时间点以来，主句常用完成时态或完成进行时态，表示动作的延续和频率。主句谓语可以用延续性动词，也可用非延续性动词，用非延续性动词必须强调动作的频率或多次、多个。Great changes have taken place since you left this city. 自从你离开以来，这座城市发生了很多变化。I have returned home twice since I settled down in the US. 自从定居美国以来，我回国两次家。They have been living ver

5、y happily ever since they got married. 自结婚以来，他们过着幸福的生活。since引导的从句中，若谓语是延续性动词，往往理解为该延续性动作的结束。He was written to me frequently since he was ill. 他自从病好以来，经常给我来信。Its been a year ever since I worked here. 我不在这里工作已经一年了。before引导时间状语从句一般情况下，before表示“在.之前”，有时译为“.之后才；没来得及.就.”。The train had already left before

6、I arrived. 我到之前，火车已经开走了。All the birds flew away before I started to fire. 我还没来得及开枪，所有的鸟就都飞走了。after引导时间状语从句after意为“在.之后”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。After you use plastic bags, you mustnt throw them about. 用完塑料袋之后，不准到处乱扔。He called me after he had finished his work. 工作完了之后他给我打了个电话。as soon as引导时间状语从句as

7、 soon as表示“一.就.”。由as soon as引导的从句需用一般时态代替将来时态。As soon as he heard the news, he jumped for joy. 他一听到这个消息，就高兴地跳了起来。Ill go with you as soon as I finish my work. 我一完成工作就跟你走。特别提示！在时间状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用一般过去时代替过去将来时。When I get there, Ill ring you yp. 我到那儿后，给你打电话。Melissa told me that as soon as she arrive

8、d, she would ring me up. 梅利莎告诉我，她一到就给我打电话。高频考点！时间状语从句时状语从句中经常考查的内容。When will you return the book to me?Ill give it to you _ I finish it.before B.until C. as soon as D. unless地点状语从句在句中作地点状语的从句称为地点状语从句，位于主句前后均可。引导地点状语常用的引导词有where、wherever等。地点状语从句相当于to/ in/ from the place(s) where.或to/ in/ from any pla

9、ce where.结构。We live where the road crosses the river. (=We live in the place where the road crosses the river.) 我们住在河流与街道交叉的地方。Make marks wherever you have questions. (= Make marks in any place where you have questions.) 在任何有问题的地方做标记。原因状语从句 在从句中作原因状语的从句称为原因状语从句。原因状语从句可置于句首，也可置于句尾。引导原因状语从句的常用引导词有beca

10、use、as、since等。because引导原因状语从句because意为“因为”，表示造成某种情况的直接原因，语气最强，常用来回答由why提问的问句。Why didn t you come to my birthday party? 你为什么没来参加我的生日聚会？Because I was too busy. 因为我太忙了。He took off his coat because it was too hot in the room. 他脱去了外套，因为房间里太热了。since引导原因状语从句since往往表示众所周知的原因，意为“既然；由于”。since从句通常位于主句之前，其语气比be

11、cause弱，比as稍强。Since you come, wait for more time please. 既然你来了，请再多等一会儿吧。Since you wont help me, Ill ask someone else. 既然你不肯帮我，我就去问别人了。as引导原因状语从句as表示原因时，语气比because和since都弱，引导的从句位于主句前后均可。It is difficult to know what to do, as we are not his parents. 由于我们不是他的父母，我们很难知道该做什么。As you were out, I left a massa

12、ge for you. 由于你不在，我给你留了个口信。4）目的状语从句在句中作目的状语的从句称为目的状语从句。目的状语从句可置于句首、句中或句尾。常用来引导目的状语从句的引导词有so that、in order that等。so that 往往只置于句尾，但也有置于句首的，in order that常用于正式文体，可置于句首，也可置于句尾。So that everyone will notice her, she dresses like an angel. 为了让所有的人都注意到她，她穿得像一个天使。Speak louder so that the people in the hall ca

13、n all hear you. 说话大声点，以便大厅里的人都能听到你。I hurried through my work in order that I could be in time for wonderful TV programmes. 我匆匆完成我的工作，以便能及时看到精彩的电视节目。5）结果状语从句so that引导结果状语从句so that除了可以引导目的状语从句（通常含有情态动词），还可以引导结果状语从句，that有时可省略。We arrived early in the morning, so that we caught the first time. 我们早上到得很早，所

14、以赶上了早班火车。We moved to the country, so that we were away from the noisy city. 我们搬到了乡下，所以我们远离了喧嚣的城市。so.that.引导结果状语从句so.that.的常用句型有四种，口语中that经常省略。so+形容词+that.It was so cold outside that we had to stop the game. 外面太冷了，我们不得不停止比赛。so+副词+that.He drove so carelessly that he almost lost his life. 他开车太不小心，差点丧了命

15、。so+many/few/much/little+相应形式的名词+that.He got so little money that his family had to live on welfare. 他工资很少，他的家人不得不靠救济金生活。He made so many mistakes that he failed the exam once again. 他出了这么多错，以致考试又没及格。so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that.It is so easy a question that I can work it out immediately. 这道题这么简单，我马上就能做出来

16、。such.that.引导结果状语从句such.that.的常用句型有四种，口语中that常省略。such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that.It was such a terrible day that none of us would find an excuse for going to play. 今天天气太糟糕了，我们都找不到出去玩的理由。Miss Zhao is such a kind teacher that we all like her. 赵老师很和善，我们都喜欢她。such+形容词+可数名词复数+that.They are such good childern th

17、at we all love them. 这些孩子很好，我们都很喜欢他们。such+形容词+不可数名词+that.This was such fine music that it was worth listening to twice. 这音乐太好了，值得听两遍。We had such bad weather that we couldnt go out. 天气这么糟糕，我们不能出去。特别提示！为了强调形容词、副词或名词，so/such.that.引导的结果状语从句中，可把so/such.置于句首，主句用倒装语序。So excited was he that he could not fal

18、l into sleep. 他激动得不能入睡。Such was his worry that he couldnt go on with his work. 他如此焦虑，以致不能继续工作了。高频考点！I know the city _ well that I dont need to use a map to get around.quite B. very C. so D. such6）条件状语从句在句子中作条件状语的从句称为条件状语从句。条件状语从句可置于句首，也可置于句尾，有时还可置于主语和谓语之间。引导条件状语从句的常用引导词为if (如果)、unless（除非）、as/so long

19、 as (只要)等。If I am free tomorrow, I will help you with your maths. 如果我明天有空，我就帮你学数学。Youll be late again unless you hurry. 除非你快点，不然你就又要迟到了。As/ So long as you promising to come, Ill wait for you until you come. 只要你答应来，我就等到你来。特别提示！在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。If the weather is terrible next week,

20、well put off the summer camp. 如果下周天气不好，我们将会推迟夏令营活动。Father told me if I worked hard, he would buy me a special gift. 爸爸告诉我，如果我努力学习，他会给我买一件特别的礼物。7）让步状语从句在句子中作让步状语的从句称为让步状语从句。让步状语从句可置于句首，也可置于句尾。though/although引导让步状语从句though比although通俗，两者通常互换使用。though/although引导让步状语从句时，主句中不可再用but，但可用yet。Though/Although

21、she works very hard, yet she makes very slow progress.尽管她工作很努力，但还是进步不快。even though/even if 引导让步状语从句这两个短语表示语气更强的让步，常常译为“即使，尽管”。Even though/ Even if the learning is slow and painful, the result is wonderful. 尽管学习的过程缓慢而痛苦，但结果是美好的。Even though/ Even if you say so, I do not believe it. 即使你这么说，我也不相信。wh-eve

22、r类词引导让步状语从句wh-ever类的词可作问句的疑问词，也可引导名词性从句，还可引导让步状语从句，常可换成“no matter+相对应的wh-词”，在引导名词性从句时只能用wh-ever。Whenever Im unhappy, it is my friend who cheers me up.(=No matter when Im unhappy, it is my friend who who cheers me up.)不管什么时候我不高兴，总是我的朋友使我快乐起来。Ill wait for you, however late it is. (=Ill wait for you, n

23、o metter how late it is.)不管有多晚，我都会等着你。高频考点！让步状语从句在单项选择中经常考查，平时运用要注意although、though不能用与but连用。Little Jack has learned to do lots of things on his own, _ he is only four years old. if B. though C. for D. since8）比较状语从句在句子中作比较状语的从句称为比较状语从句。比较状语从句可表示差级比较和同级比较，一般位于句尾，常用as, than引导。There are as many people in our town as (there are) in your town. 我们镇的人口和你们镇的人口一样多。He speaks English as well as you do. 他英语说得和你一样好。His handwriting is not as/so good as yours (is). 他的书法不如你的好。He doesnt speak English as/so well as you do. 他英语说得不如你好。He w