辅差计划七语法复习名词学案-高三英语二轮复习

1、名词一、可数名词Mr Smith is very busy because he runs several companies .He works seven days a week and 12 months a year.In his spare time he likes watching football matches .He likes eating tomatoes but he doesn t eat vegetables with leaves .He has two pet horses and he often rides them with his friends on

2、 Mr Black s farm because he thinks the scenery of the farm is very beautiful.可数名词变复数以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，变-y为-i力口-es；以元音字母加-y结尾的名词，力口-s。 以-th结尾的名词加-s。以-s, -x, -ch,sh结尾的名词后加-es(如果词尾-ch发音为/k/,要加-s,如stomach)。 以-o结尾加-es的单词有：英雄(heroes)吃土豆(potatoes)番茄(lomaloes),其他多直接加-s。 以-f或-fe结尾的词，多变-f或-fe为-v,再加-es。但也有直接加-s的单词

3、，如：屋顶(roof)上的首领(chief)有信仰(belief)。 更多的可数名词是直接加-s。.名词作定语往往是说明其中名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。多为单数名词作定语，但woman, man作定语时，要用复数形式表达复数概念。.名词的所有格有生命名词，不以-s结尾的名词加s；以-s结尾的单数名词和复数名词都加。无生命名词，通常用of所有格表示。双重所有格的构成形式为：“名词+。+名词所有格”或者“名词+ of+名词性物主代 词”。.不规那么变化的名词复数通过内部元音变化构成复数。如：footfeet 脚 goosegeese 鹅 toothteeth 牙齿mousemice

4、 老鼠 manmen 男人womanwomen 女人(2)有些名词的单复数形式相同。如：sheepsheep 绵羊 deerdeer 鹿ChineseChinese 中国人 JapaneseJapanese 日本人meansmeans 方法 seriesseries 系列speciesspecies 物种有的名词在词尾加-ren或-en构成复数。如：childchildren 孩子 oxoxen 公牛(4)由man, woman构成的复合名词在变成纪数时,与man, woman的变化形式相同。如：gentlemangentlemen 先生 EnglishmanEnglishmen 英国男子po

5、licemanpolicemen 男警察 chairwoman-chairwomen 女主席businessmanbusinessmen 商人 craftsman-craftsmen 工匠，手艺人注意: German的复数形式为Germans (5)外来词的不规那么复数形式。如：analysisanalyses 分 析basisbases 基 础crisis-crises 危 机thesistheses 论 文medium-media 媒介物 phenomenon-phenomena 现象.复合名词的单复数变化(1)中间没有连字符也没有间隔的复合名词将最后一个词变成复数形式。birthdayb

6、irthdays 生 口blackboard-blackboards 黑板bookshelfbookshelves 书架gentlemangentlemen 绅士(2)中间有连字符或间隔的复合词将其中主要的词变成复数形式。如：book wormbook worms son-in-lawsons-in-lavv looker-onlookers-onpasscr-by-passers-by story-tellerstory-tellers(3)无主体名词时通常在最后一个词后加复数词尾。如：grown-up-grown-ups standbystandbys.名词所有格的特殊形式(1)并列的名词

7、变所有格时，假设表示不同的所有关系，那么分别在两个名词后加s；如果表示 共有关系，那么只在最后一个名词后加s。如：Kate and Mary s room凯特和玛丽共有的房间Kate s and Mary* s rooms凯特和玛丽各自的房间(2)表示店铺或某人的家时，名词所有格之后的shop, house, home等常省去。如：at the doctor s (office)在(医生的)诊所里at the barber * s (shop)在理发店at Mr Green s (house)在格林先生家单句语法填空The team who won the three world (champ

8、ionship) would always get this cup.During the festival, which lasts three or four days, people are dressed in their best clothes and participate in a variety of rich and colourful (activity).The best solution might be to find the (weakness) in the idea and to try and strengthen them, rather than use

9、 them simply as an excuse for rejecting the whole idea.Timmis and his team set out to seek the effects of phone use on (passer-by). 5. We usually expect Hollywood (hero) to show up on our screens and defeat the bad guys.He goes to the (barber) to have his hair cut every month. 单句改错Due to some rich t

10、ourist attraction, eveiy year many visitors come to my hometown, where they can not only appreciate the beautiful scenery, but also enjoy the delicious food.Jane and Mary s houses are both a long way from here.二、不可数名词To learn more knowledge, I have to do lots of homework every day and have no time t

11、o have tun or do housework : Last week we had an exam but I didn t perform well.However, my teacher said that I had made great progress .So (his exam is not a failure .On the contrary it is a success in a way.不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能与不定冠词连用。fun, weather, progress advice, information为永久性不可数名词，前面不能加不定冠词， 也不能具体

12、化。抽象名词具体化：表示情感情绪的抽象名词强调具体的人或事的时候，可以在前面加不定冠词，如asurprise, a comfort 等。表示“一”的概念时，常与动词构成词组，名词前常常有形容词。0 have a good time, have a good knowlcdgc/command of 等。不可以用数目计算，多为物质名词或抽象名词，没有复数形式，常见的不可数名词有:fun乐趣homework 作业bread面包wealth财富progress 进步equipment 设备room空间weather 天气work工作music音乐news新闻meat 肉word消息traffic 交

13、通luck运气housework 家务milk牛奶advice建议man人类orange橙汁knowledge 知识furniture 家具baggage/1 uggage 行李information 信息单句改错What a fun it is to have a get-together in such a place!Oh, John, what pleasant surprise you gave us!He gave us some advices on how to study English.He felt that he needed more knowledges about

14、 import and export.I need a work to support myself for I can t always depend on my parents.名词的句法作用一、句法作用.作主语This book is very useful.这本书很有用。Mary is (o meet you al ihe airpoii.玛丽将在机场接你。.作表语My brother is a worker.我弟弟是个工人。She is a wriler.她是个作家。.作宾语He finished his task on time.他按时完成了任务。She gave her chil

15、d a first-rate educaiion.她给了 她孩子一流的教育。.作介词宾语He majored in Astronomy at Cambridge.他在剑桥大学主修天文学。She has made outstanding contributions to architecture.她对建筑学做出了突出的贡献。.作宾语补足语He painted the table a brighter color.他把桌子漆成了更鲜艳的颜色。Wc made Tom our monitor.我们选汤姆为我们的班长。【提示】表示唯一的职务头衔的名词作宾语补足语时，用零冠词。We elected him

16、 monitor of our class.我们选他当我们的班长。.作定语There are thirty women teachers in our school.我们学校有三十位女教师。He got three gold medals at (he 23rd Olympic Games.他在第二十三届奥运会上取得了三块金牌。.作状语The war lasted eight years.那场战争持续了八年。Light travels 300, 000 kilometers a second.光每秒钟传播 30 万千米。Wait a momenl.等一会儿。.作同位语Mr Smith, our

17、 leader, is speaking now.我们的领导史密斯先生,正在讲话。We students should study hard.我们学生应该努力学习。二、名词作定语的考前须知1.一般情况：单数名词作定语bank account银行户头 blood pressure 血压 generation gap 代沟 pocket money 零花钱 shoe factory 鞋 J telephone number 号码birth control计划生育 car park停车场 heart attack 心脏病 road works道路工程 stone bridge 石桥 winter sports冬季运动2.复数名词作定语an arts degree文科学位 clothes shop 衣服店 glasses store 眼镜店 sales manager销售经理clothes brush 衣刷customs house 海关goods train运送货物的火车sports meet 运动会3.man和woman作定语变复数时和中心词一起，都作相应变化men drivers 男司机 men doctors 男医生 men teachers 男教师 men players 男选手 men writers 男 作家 men-cooks男厨师wo