毕业论文外文翻译-高层建筑供配电系统设计

1、Power supply system of high-rise building designAbstract: With the continuous development of city size, more and more high-rise buildings, therefore, high-rise building electrical design to the designers had to face. In this paper, an engineering example, describes the electrical design of high-rise

2、 buildings and some of the more typical issues of universal significance, combined with the actual practice of an engineering solution to the problem described.Key words: high-rise building; electrical design; distribution; load calculation 1 Project OverviewThe commercial complex project, with a to

3、tal construction area of 405570m2, on the ground floor area of 272330m2, underground construction area of 133240m2, the main height of 99m. Project components are: two office buildings, construction area is 70800m2, 28 layers, the standard story is 3.2m.2 Load CalculationLoad characteristics: electr

4、ic load, much larger than the national civil engineering technical measures Large 120W/m2 indicators, especially in the electricity load more food, and different types of food and beverage catering different cultural backgrounds also high.the uncertainty of a large load, because the commercial real

5、estate rents are often based on market demand, and constantly adjust the nature of the shops, making the load in the dynamic changes.There is no specification and technical measures in the different types of commercial projects refer to the detailed parameters of the shops, engineering design load c

6、alculation in the lack of data, in most cases to rely on staff with previous experience in engineering design calculations. Load the selection of parameters: for the above problems, the load calculation, the first developer of sales and good communication, to determine the form of layers of the form

7、s and nature of floor area, which is calculated on the basis of electrical load basis; followed to determine parameter index within the unit area of shops is also very important and complex because there is no clear indicator of the specification can refer to; and different levels of economic develo

8、pment between cities is not balanced, power indices are also different; will be in the same city, different regions have different consumer groups .the need to factor in the choice: parameters determined, the need for load calculation. Need to factor commonly used method, the calculation will not re

9、peat them. Need to explore is the needfor coefficient selection, which in the current specifications, manuals and the unified technical measures is also not clear requirements, based on years of design experience that most end shops in the distribution or level within the household distribution box

10、with case Kx generally take a while, in the calculation of the loop route to take 0.7 to 0.8, the distribution transformers in the substation calculations take 0.4 to 0.6.3 substations setLoad calculation based on the results of this project the total installed capacity of transformer 43400Kv.A, aft

11、er repeated consultations with the power company, respectively, in the project in northern, central and southern three sections set the three buildings into three power substations, 1# set 6 sets 2500Kv.A transformer substation, take the northern section of power supply; 2 # 41600Kv.A transformer su

12、bstations located, plus 6 sets 2000Kv.A transformers, take the middle of the power supply, in addition to 5 Taiwan 10Kv.A high-pressure water chillers (total 4000Kv.A); 3substation located 2 units plus 2 units 1000Kv.A 2000Kv.A transformers, take the southern section of A, B two office supply. 10Kv

13、power configuration of this project into two points, eachat the two 10Kv lines, the power company under the provisions of 10Kv power capacity: maximum load per channel is about to 11000Kv.A, two is the 22000Kv.A, design # 1 , 3 # combination of a substation 10Kv, power line, with a total capacity of

14、 21000Kv.A; 2 # substation transformers and 10Kv, 10Kv chillers sharing a power line, with a total capacity of 22400Kv.A.The design of the substation layout, in addition to meeting regulatory requirements, it also need to consider the high-pressure cabinets, transformers and low voltage power supply

15、 cabinet by order of arrangement, especially in low voltage distribution cabinet to feed the cable smooth and easy inspection duty problems are not seriously consider the construction of the cable crossing will cause more long detour, a waste of floor space, and convenient inspections and other issu

16、es.4 small fire load power supplyIn the design of large commercial projects often encounter small fire load of electrical equipment and more dispersed distribution, if fed by a substation, a substation will be fed a lot of low-voltage low-current counter circuit breaking capacity circuit breaker and

17、 conductor of the dynamic and thermal stability in a certain extent. According to GB50045-1995 fire protection design of tall buildings, rule should be used in Fire Equipment dedicated power supply circuit, the power distribution equipment shall be provided with clear signs. Interpretation of the pr

18、ovisions of the power supply circuit means from the low-voltage main distribution room (including the distribution of electrical room) to last a distribution box, and the general distribution lines shouldbe strictly separated. In this design, the use of methods to increase the level of distribution,

19、 that is different from the substation bus segments, respectively, a fire fed a special circuit, set in place two distribution cabinets, distribution cabinets and then the resulting radial allocated to the end of the dual power to vote each box, so that not only meets the specification requirements

20、for dedicated power supply circuit, but also to avoid feeding the substation level of many small current loop.5, the choice of circuit breaker and conductorCommercial real estate projects use the room as the uncertainty in the choice of circuit breakers and conductors must be considered in a certain

21、 margin to meet the needs caused by adjustment of the load changes. According to this characteristic, increased use in the design of the plug bus-powered, not only meet the requirements of large carrying capacity, and also allows the flexibility to increase supply and distribution, are reserved in e

22、ach shaft in the plug-box backup inorder to change, according to changes in upper and lower load, to adjust. For example: a bus is responsible for a shaft 1 to 3 layers of power, when a layer due to the change in capacity increases, while the 3-layer capacity is reduced, you can use a spare plug box

23、 layer off the 3-layer 1 layer capacity rationing . This level distribution in the substation, select the circuit breaker to choose the setting value when the circuit breaker to adjust to changes at the end to adjust the load setting value; in the bus and the transformer circuit breaker according to

24、 the choice of the general framework of values to select . For example: Route certain equipment capacity 530Kv, Kx take0.7 to calculate current of 704A, select the frame circuit breaker is 1000A, tuning is 800A; current transformer for the 1000/50; bus carrying capacity for the 1000A, this road can

25、meet the maximum 1000A current load requirements, even if there is adjustment, power distributionswitches and circuit can not make big changes.6 layer distribution box setAccording to the division of layers of fire protection district, respectively numbered as A K layers within the set level shaft f

26、or the retail lighting power distribution box, with one on one power supply shops in radial power. Should be noted that the forms of the complex layers of layers of fire partition, does not correspond to the lower, making some of shaft power in charge of the fire district at the same time, also resp

27、onsible for the power supply adjacent to the fire district.At design time, using the principle of proximity, while also taking into account the burden of the whole trunk load conditions, so that each shaft as far as possible a more balanced load.7 public area distribution box setTaking into account

28、the future needs of the business re-decoration of public areas must be reserved for power. Here the design needs to consider the following points: question of how much reserve power, lighting and electricity, which according to GB50034-2004 In order to facilitate the decoration in each partition set

29、 fire lighting in public areas and emergency lighting distribution box distribution box, in order to identify the electrical power distribution decoration cut-off point.the staircase, storage rooms and other parts of the decoration does not need to do, set thepower distribution circuit or a separate

30、 distribution box, try not to be reserved from the public area of electricity distribution board fed hardcover out.control of lighting in public areas, the majority in two ways, namely, C-BUS control system orthe BA system, the use of C-BUS has the advantage of more flexible control, each road can b

31、e fed out of control, adjustable light control; shortcomings is a higher cost. BA system control advantages of using low cost, simple control; disadvantage is that the exchanges and contacts for the three-phase, three-way control may be related both to open, or both, in the decoration of the contact

32、s required to feed the power supply circuit diverge to avoid failure blackouts.Design of distribution box 8In the commercial real estate design, shop design is often only a meter box, and outlet route backto the needs of the user according to their second design, but the shops are difficult to resol

33、ve within the power supply fan coil units, air-conditioning system as a whole can not debug. The project approach is to add a circuit breaker in the meter box for the coil power supply, another way for users to use the second design, as shown below.User distribution box design9 distribution cabinet

34、/ box number and distribution circuits Large-scale projects are often low voltage distribution cabinet / box number, low-voltage circuits to feed the more often there will be cabinet / box number and line number duplication, resulting inthe design and the future looks difficult maintenance and overh

35、aul. The project has three 10Kv substations, 20 transformer, hundreds of low-voltage fed out of the closet, fed the circuit more.Accordance with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the Chinese national standard requirements: All the distribution number to be simple and clear, not

36、 too box and line numbers are not repeated. number to simple and clear, not too long. distinction betweennature and type of load. law was easy to find, make viewer at a glance. Based on the above requirements and on the ground, fire district and the underground construction industry form the differe

37、nt conditions, using two slightly different ways. Essential for the underground garage, usesa single comparison, also relatively fire district neat, according to fire district number, such asAL-BL-1/ 1, AP and APE, the meaning of the letters and numbers: AL on behalf of lightingdistribution(AP on be

38、half of Power distributionbox, APE on behalf of the emergency powerdistribution box); BI on behalf of the basement; 1 / 1 for partition 1, I fire box. Above ground ismore complex, more fire district,and on the fire districtdoes not correspond to the lower,according to shaft number is better, such as

39、 AL-1-A1, AP, and APE, letters and numbers mean: 1represents a layer; A1 on behalf of A, No. 1 shaft fed a distribution box. Fed a low-voltage circuits,such as the number of uses: W3-6-AL-1-A1, W3-6) indicates that the route back to power supplytransformer 3, 6, feed the power distribution cabinet,

40、AL-1-A1, said the then the first loop of thedistribution box for the AL-1-A1 and so on, and so on.10 ConclusionWith more and more complex commercial design projects, designers need to continually improve the design level, designed to make fine. These are only bits of the design in the business lesso

41、ns learned, and the majority of designers want to communicate高层建筑供配电系统设计摘要：随着城市规模的不断发展，高层建筑越来越多，因此，高层建筑电气设计就成为设计者不得不面对的问题。 本文结合工程实例， 介绍了高层建筑电气设计中一些比较典型且具有普遍意义的问题， 结合某工程的实际做法阐述了问题的解决方法。关键词：高层建筑；电气设计；配电；负荷计算工程概况本项目商业综合大楼，总建筑面积为405570m2，地上建筑面积272330m2，地下建筑面积 133240m2,主体高度 99m。项目组成为：办公楼两座，建筑面积为70800m2，

42、28 层，标准层高为3.2m。负荷计算1）负荷特点 :用电负荷大 ,远大于全国民用建筑工程设计术措施中大 120W/m2 的指标 ,尤其是餐饮的用电负荷更大，而且不同类型、不同饮食文化背景的餐饮差别也很大。2）负荷的不确定性大，因为商业地产往往根据市场租的需求，不断调整商铺的性质，使得负荷在动态变化之中。3）目前的规范和技术措施没有对商业项目中不同类别商铺的参数指进行细化，工程设计中的负荷计算缺少据， 大多数情况只能靠设计人员凭借以往工程经验进行计算。负荷参数的选择： 针对以上遇到的问题， 进行负荷计算时， 首先与开发商销售部门进行良好的沟通， 确定各层的业态形式商铺面积和性质， 这是电气负荷

43、计算的基础依据； 其次确定商铺内单位面积参数指标也很重要且复杂， 因为规范中没有明确的指标可以参考； 而且不同城市间的经济发展水平不均衡， 用电指标也不同；便在同一城市不同区域的消费群体也有差异。3）需要系数的选择：参数确定后，需要进行负荷计算。一般采用需要系数法，计算过程不再赘述。需要探讨的是需要系数的选择，这在现行规范、手册及统一技术措施 中也没有明确的要求， 根据多年的设计体会认为， 在配电最末端商铺内户箱或层配电箱计算时 Kx 一般取 1，在各回路干线计算时取 0.70.8，在变电所各配电变压器计算时取 0.40.6。变电所设置根据负荷计算结果， 本工程的变压器总安装容量为 43400

44、Kv.A，经与供电公司反复协商，分别在本工程的北、中和南三段设置 3 个变电所为三段建筑供电，1#变电所设 6 台 2500Kv.A 变压器 ,承担北段供电； 2#变电所设 4 台 1600Kv.A 变压器 ,加 6 台 2000Kv.A 变压器 ,承担中段的供电， 另外还有 5 台 10Kv.A 高压冷水机组（合计 4000Kv.A ）； 3#变电所设 2 台 2000Kv.A 加 2 台 1000Kv.A 变压器，承担南段 A 、B 两座办公楼供电。本工程配置两处 10Kv 电源引入点，每处为两路 10Kv 线路 ,根据供电公司对 10Kv 电源容量的规定：每路最大负荷为 11000Kv.

45、A 左右，两路即为 22000Kv.A ，设计 1#、 3#变电所合用一处 10Kv,电源进线，总容量为 21000Kv.A；2#变电所内变压器和 10Kv,冷水机组共用一处 10Kv 电源进线，总容量为 22400Kv.A。在变电所平面布置的设计中，除了满足规范要求以外，还需要考虑高压柜、 变压器和低压柜按供电顺序布置， 尤其是低压配电柜馈出电缆的走向顺畅，值班人员巡视方便等问题如不认真考虑， 会造成施工时电缆交叉多、绕远路、浪费建筑面积以及巡视不方便等问题。4 较小消防负荷的供配电在大型商业项目设计中经常会遇到消防用电设备负荷较小且分布较分散， 若均由变电所馈出， 会使得变电所低压柜馈出很

46、多小电流回路， 对断路器分断能力和导体的动、热稳定带来一定的影响。根据 GB50045-1995高层民用建筑设计防火规范规定 “消防用电设备应采用专用的供电回路，其配电设备应设有明显标志 ”。对供电回路的条文解释系指 “从低压总配电室（包括分配电室）至最末一级配电箱，与一般配电线路均应严格分开 ”。在本设计中，采用了增加一级配电的方法，即从变电所不同母线段上分别馈出一条消防专用回路， 在适当位置设置两台配电柜，再由此配电柜放射式配至末端双电源互投箱， 这样既满足了规范对专用供电回路的要求，又避免在变电所级馈出许多小电流回路。断路器及导体的选择由于商业地产项目房间用途的不确定性， 在选择断路器和

47、导体时必须考虑一定的裕量以满足调整造成的负荷变化。 根据这一特点， 在设计中较多地使用了插接母线供电， 既可以满足大载流量的要求， 又使供配电灵活性加大， 在每层竖井中均预留备用插接箱，以便在变化时，可根据上下层负荷的变化，进行调整。例如：某竖井一段母线负责 13 层供电，当 1 层由于变化容量增大，而 3 层容量减小时，就可使用 1 层的备用插接箱把 3 层富裕的容量配给 1 层使用。在变电所这级配电中，选择断路器时要选整定值可调整的断路器， 以便在末端负荷变化时调整整定值； 在母线和互感器的选择上一般按断路器框架值来选。 例如：某段干线设备容量 530Kv ，Kx 取 0.7，计算电流为

48、704A，选择断路器框架值为 1000A，整定值为 800A；电流互感器为 1000/50；母线载流量为 1000A，此路最大可满足 1000A 电流的负荷使用要求， 即便有调整，配电开关及线路也可不必作大的变动。层配电箱的设置根据各层防火分区的划分， 分别在各层编号为 A K 竖井内设置层照明配电箱为各商铺供电 ,各商铺的供电采用一对一放射式供电。需要指出的是由于各层的业态比较复杂各层的防火分区上、 下层不对应，使得有的竖井在负责本防火分区供电的同时，还要负责相邻的防火分区的供电。在设计时，采用了就近原则，同时也考虑到整条干线负担的负荷情况，尽量使各个竖井内负荷比较平衡。公共区域配电箱的设置

49、考虑到商业的公共区域将来需要二次装修，必须预留电源。此处的设计需要考虑以下几点：电量预留多少的问题，其中照明用电可根据GB50034-2004建筑照明设计标准 表及其条，商业建筑照明功率密度值计算，高档超市营业厅为 20W/m2，根据“装饰性灯具总功率 50%计入照明密度计算值 ” 的规定，采用的预留标准为 40W/m2。为方便装修设计，在每个防火分区内设置了公共区域照明配电箱和应急照明配电箱， 以便明确装修设计的电气配电分界点。将楼梯间、储藏间等不需要做装修的部位，单独设置配电回路或配电箱，尽量不从公共区域预留精装用电的配电箱内馈出。公共区域照明的控制， 大部分采用两种方式， 即 C BUS

50、 系统或 BA 系统控制，利用 C BUS 的优点是控制比较灵活，可按每一路馈出控制，也可调光控制；缺点是造价较高。利用 BA 系统控制优点是造价低，控制简单；缺点是由于交流接触器为三相， 控制时可能会三路同时开或者同时关， 在装修设计时需将各接触器馈出回路岔开供电，避免造成故障时大面积停电。户配电箱的设计在商业地产设计中， 往往只为商铺设计一个电表箱， 而出线回路由用户根据自己的需要进行二次设计， 但是商铺内风机盘管的供电很难解决， 无法进行空调系统的整体调试。本工程的做法是在电表箱内增加一个断路器为风机盘管供电，另一路为用户二次设计时使用，如下图所示。用户配电箱设计图9 配电柜 /箱与配电

51、回路的编号大型项目往往低压配电柜 /箱很多，低压馈出回路就更多，往往会出现柜 /箱编号及线路编号重复的问题， 造成在设计图中查找及将来维护检修的困难。 本工程有 3 个 10Kv 变电所， 20 台变压器，上百台低压馈出柜，馈出回路更多。按照国际电工委员会（ IEC）及中国国标的要求：所有的配电编号要简单明了，不能太箱和线路编号不重复。 编号要简单明了， 不能太长。 区分负荷性质和类型。规律明显便于查找，能使看图者一目了然。根据以上要求及地上、地下建筑防火分区和业态形式的不同情况，采用了两种略有差别的方式。 地下部分基本为车库，用途比较单一，防火分区也比较整齐，按防火分区编号，如 AL BL

52、1/1、 AP 与 APE 等各字母及数字含义： AL 代表照明配电箱（ AP 代表动力配电箱， APE 代表应急动力配电箱）；BI 代表地下一层； 1/1 代表 I 防火分区 1 号箱。地上部分比较复杂，防火分区比较多，且上、下层防火分区不对应，按竖井编号较好，如 AL 1 A1、AP 和 APE 等字母及数字含义： 1 代表一层； A1 代表 A 号竖井馈出的 1 号配电箱。低压馈出回路的编号采用了如： W36AL 1A1， W3 6)表示此回路由 3 号变压器所供电的 6 号配电柜馈出， AL 1 A1 表示本回路所接的第一个配电箱为 AL 1A1 等，以此类推。结束语随着商业设计项目越来越复杂， 需要设计人员不断地提高设计水平， 精心设计，作出精品。以上仅是在商业设计中的点滴经验总结， 希望能和广大设计人员交流。五分钟搞定 5000字毕业论文外文翻译，你想要的工具都在这里!在科研过程中阅读翻译外文文献是一个非常重要的环节，许多领域高水平的文献都是外文文献， 借鉴一些外文文献翻译的经验是非常必要的。由于特殊原因我翻译外文文献的机会比较多，慢慢地就发现了外文文献翻译过程中的三大利器：Google“翻译 ”频道、金山词霸（完整版本）和 CNKI“翻译助手 。具体操作过程如下：1.先打开金山