高中英语选择性必修四 20202021学年同步课时强化训练课件 Unit 3 Grammar-Review of the infinitive

1、Sea ExplorationUnit 3英语24字整体教学Period ThreeGrammarReview of the infinitive达标检测 当堂检测 基础达标演练语法导学 感悟规律 重点难点剖析内容索引感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题1.To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.2.Marco Polos tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes f

2、rom west to east.3.Here，merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals，which also led to more awareness of each others cultures.4.These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time.语法感知语 法 导 学感悟规律 重点难点剖析5.To reach out across the sea remains a

3、strong desire today.6.The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas，and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.7.Trading has grown greatly in recent years，and will continue to do so in years to come.8.China has invested bil

4、lions in systems and services along these routes，which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.9.Hundreds of years on，and with the latest technology in hand，the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach o

5、ut across the sea far into the future.1.以上句子皆用了动词不定式。动词不定式在句中可充当 (如句1、5)， (如句7、8)， (如句2)， (如句6)， (如句4、9)，及 (如句3)。2.动词不定式一般时的结构为： ；动词不定式完成时的结构为： 。主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语目的状语to doto have done一、动词不定式的时态1.一般时动词不定式的一般时(to do)所表示的动作通常与谓语动词所表示的动作(或状态)同时发生，或是在它之后发生。I noticed him go out.我看见他出去了。(notice与go out同时发生)I pl

6、an to attend the party to be held tomorrow.我打算参加明天举行的聚会。(attend的动作在plan后发生)语法精析2.进行时动词不定式的进行时(to be doing)表示不定式的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。They are reported to be working hard.据报道他们正努力地工作。(be reported与work同时发生)I am very glad to be working with you.我非常乐意与你一起工作。(be glad与work同时发生)3.完成时动词不定式的完成时(to have done)表示不

7、定式的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。Im very sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.很抱歉让你久等了。(keep发生在be sorry前)He is believed to have come.相信他已经来了。(come发生在believe前)名师点津(1)在intended，expected，hoped，promised，wanted，wished，thought等后常用动词不定式的完成时，表示过去没有实现的愿望、期待或计划等。(2)在seem，appear，think，consider，believe等表示看法与想法的动词

8、后常用动词不定式的完成时，表示该动作先于另一个动作发生。此结构也常用以it作形式主语的结构代替。(3)常见的可接动词不定式完成时的形容词有：happy，sad，disappointed，satisfied，likely，surprised等。I hoped to have finished the work earlier.我本希望早点儿完成那项工作。I intended to have helped you.我本打算帮助你。He seems to have bought the new book.It seems that he has bought the new book.他好像已买了那

9、本新书。She is not likely to have got our letter.她很可能还没收到我们的信。二、动词不定式的语态1.主动语态和被动语态(1)动词不定式有主动语态和被动语态两种形式；(2)在主动语态中动词不定式与其逻辑主语之间构成主动关系；(3)在被动语态中动词不定式与其逻辑主语之间构成被动关系；有一般时to be done和完成时to have been done两种形式。We were very excited to hear the news.听到那则消息，我们很兴奋。Its a great honour for me to be invited.能被邀请，甚是荣幸

10、。(me是invite动作的承受者)No harm seems to have been done.似乎并没有什么危害发生。(harm是do的承受者；且发生在seem前)2.动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义(1)动词不定式作定语与被修饰词构成动宾关系，同时与句中另一名词或代词有逻辑上的主谓关系时。We have masses of work to do today.Hurry up!今天，我们有很多工作要做。快点儿！(2)在“be性质形容词动词不定式”结构中。The water is not fit to drink，so hold out until we get to a shop.这水不

11、能喝，所以坚持住，直到我们找到商店。(3)动词不定式与疑问代词连用时。What to do next hasnt been decided.下一步该做什么还没有决定。(4)在“be to blame”中常用主动形式表示被动意义。I felt I was to blame for this bicycle accident.我觉得这次自行车事故怪我。(5)当动词不定式的逻辑主语不清楚或不是句子的主语时，此时主动和被动结构都可用，而且在语意上并没有多大区别。He is the very man to choose/to be chosen for the work.他正是这项工作的最佳人选。Giv

12、e me a list of people to invite/to be invited.给我一份需要邀请的人的名单。三、动词不定式的结构1.带to的动词不定式能直接跟带to的动词不定式结构的动词主要有ask，tell，hope，wish，learn，decide，want，forget，love，stop等。I want to go to the movies with you.我想跟你一起去看电影。Dont forget to turn off the light before you leave.在你离开之前别忘了关灯。2.省略to的动词不定式在feel，hear，listen to，

13、make，let，have，see，look at，watch，notice，observe等使役动词和感官动词(短语)后，动词不定式作宾语补足语时常省略to。I felt the earth shake at that moment.那时，我感到地球在晃动。I often hear him sing the song.我经常听见他唱这首歌。名师点津这些词在变为被动语态时，to不能省略，此时不定式作主语补足语。He is often heard to sing the song.他经常被人听见唱这首歌。巧学助记不带to的不定式作宾语补足语有些动词(短语)跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去to，具体如下

14、：一感：feel二听：hear，listen to三让：let，have，make四看：observe，see，watch，notice3.动词不定式的省略与替代在expect，hope，wish，mean，prefer，forget，want，try及used to，would like，should love等后面常常使用to来替代前面的不定式，以避免重复。I havent been to the Great Wall，but I wish to.我没有去过长城，但是我希望去。Would you like to go with us?I hope to，but I am too busy.

15、你能和我们一起去吗？我想去，但是我太忙了。He doesnt like playing football，but he used to.他不喜欢踢足球，但是他过去喜欢。China is not what she used to be.中国不再是从前的中国了。Didnt he tell you to attend the meeting?No，I ought to have been (told).他没有告诉你要开会吗？是的，我本该被告知的。4.动词不定式的否定在不定式标志to前加上not，即“not to do”。Tell him not to open the door.告诉他别开门。名师点

16、津倘若承前省略的不定式中含有be或have的任何形式，要保留be或have或其相应的某种形式。四、动词不定式的语法功能1.动词不定式可以在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语或状语(目的、原因、结果或条件)。To see is to believe.眼见为实。He wanted to go.他想去。He asked me to do the work with him.他让我和他一起做那项工作。The farmers thought of ways to protect their crops.农民们想出了保护庄稼的办法。Check your composition to avoid mi

17、stakes.为避免错误，检查一下你的作文。2.需要注意的几个问题(1)动词不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。It is right to give up smoking.戒烟是对的。(2)动词不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把动词不定式放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。I find it very interesting to study English.我发现学英语很有趣。(3)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词或动词不定式所修饰的名词是动词不定式动作的地点、工具等，动词不定式后须有相应的介词。There is nothing to worry abo

18、ut.没有什么可以担忧的。He is looking for a room to live in.他正在寻找房子住。Please give me a knife to cut with.请给我一把切东西的刀子。(4)不定式作目的状语除了用“to do”表示外，还可以使用in order to do或so as to do。We turned the lights off in order not to waste electricity.为了不浪费电，我们关了那些灯。(5)动词不定式作结果状语时常常表示一种出乎意料的结果，其前往往有only作为标志。He hurried to the scho

19、ol，only to find nobody there.他急忙赶到学校，结果发现没人在那儿。She got to the station hurriedly，only to find the train had gone.她匆匆忙忙赶到车站，发现火车已经开走了。It hasnt rained for a month，making the crops hard to grow.一个月没下雨了，使庄稼很难生长。(6)动词不定式在句中作插入语，常用的这类动词不定式短语有：to tell the truth说实话；to be frank坦白地说；to be exact确切地说；to begin wi

20、th首先等。To tell the truth，I dont agree with you.说实话，我不同意你的意见。返 回名师点津现在分词(短语)作结果状语常常表示一种意料之中的结果。.单句语法填空达 标 检 测当堂检测 基础达标演练1.Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.(2020全国)2.Bamboo plants are associated with health，abundance

21、and a happy home.They are easy (care) for and make great presents.(2020全国)3.But some students didnt want (wear) the uniform.(2019浙江)4.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle (hear).to findto careto wearto beheard5.When we got a call (say)she was short-listed，we thought i

22、t was a joke.(2019全国)6.I didnt mean to eat anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help (try) it.7.She forced herself (be) polite to them.8. (enjoy) the convenience of digital payment，many senior citizens started to use smart phones.9.The man (circulate) the fake news that 18 firefi

23、ghters lost their lives in the explosion was arrested.sayingtryingto beTo enjoycirculating10.It took her three hours (repair) her bike.11.Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene declared she had no plans (retire) from her 36-year-old business.(2019全国)12.Modern methods of tracking pol

24、ar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s，and are expensive (perform) consistently over a large area.(2019全国)to repairto retireto perform.语法填空 A man looking at his smartphone while walking across a railway crossing in Nanjing 13. (have) a close knock yesterday.He was so 14. (ab

25、sorb) in his smartphone that he didnt see a train approaching until it brushed past him，语篇解读如今手机上瘾现象非常严重，对人们的生活有着很大的危害。文章告诉我们是我们的自控力和自我约束力差导致了此种现象，并非手机本身的问题。解析考查时态。根据时间“yesterday”可知，此处是在描述发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。解析考查固定短语。be absorbed in“专心致志于，全神贯注于”，是固定短语。hadabsorbed15. (throw)him to the ground.This should

26、serve 16. a warning that people should be aware of their surroundings，especially 17._crossing roads.throwing解析考查现在分词。根据语境可知，此处表示“火车与他擦身而过，把他摔在了地上”，train和throw之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词作结果状语。解析考查固定结构。serve as意为“起作用，产生效果”，此处表示“这应该给人们起一个警告作用”。解析考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示“尤其是当过马路的时候”，故用when或while，此处是“主语系动词”的省略。可还原为：especially when/while they are crossing roads。aswhen/while18. (lucky)，the man survived a brush with death，but the incide