新概念英语听课笔记

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专心-专注-专业专心-专注-专业精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专心-专注-专业新概念英语听课笔记主讲老师：屈慧贞使用教材：新概念英语第二册QQ:概述：1 Vocabulary2 Grammar Unit 1 句子结构； 事态语态 Unit 2 定语从句； 同位语从句 Unit 3 非谓语动词； 独立主格 Unit 4 倒装； 虚拟语气3 Listening and speaking5 Reading and Writing6 Assistance in examinations词类：1名词 2动词 3形容词 4 副词 5 介词 6 冠词 7 代词

2、 8 数词 9 连词 10 叹词基本句型：主语+不及物动词 The telephone rang.主语+系动词+表语 I got very angry.主语+及物动词+宾语 I Love animals.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 He is finding this trip very exciting.主语+及物动词+双宾语 He lent e a book He lent a book to me.词汇：Private adj. 1个人的；私人的 2 私营的； 私立的同义词：personal反义词：Public adj. 公开的； 公共的； 公立的短语：in public （公开地

3、） in private（私下里； 单独地）Seat n. 座位（抽象的作为） vt. 使就坐短语：Have /Take a seat ,please Is this seat taken? Seat oneself 常用be seated形式：She was seated at the table.辨异：bench长椅 couch沙发Angry 生气Grouchy 不高兴的Cross/annoyed (angry) 生气的Mad/furious - adj. 狂怒的；暴怒的Are you mad at me ,or something? 你生我气了吗？Attention 注意短语：Pay a

4、ttention to Pay great attention to 非常注意 Pay no attention to 一点不注意Bear 1.v忍受；容忍 2.v 生育例句：I can bear you.注意：bear表示“生育”用于被动语态是，过去分词用born 而不是borne.同义词：Stand; Put up withBusiness n. 事；事情例句：It is none of your business Mind your own business That is my business其他搭配：Go to the theatreGo to the cinemaGo to sc

5、hoolGo to hospitalGo to church 去做礼拜Be interested in I was interested in the plainTake an/great interest in 对XXX感兴趣（书面语）Enjoy doing sth (enjoy享受)A young couple 一对年轻情侣Ahead of (动态概念)9/8/2009 1:07:13 PMGive、lead、send 接双宾语Find、make、feel 可接宾补副词一般不作宾补Get、become、turn 变得Turn around、round 转身Look at可以当成及物动词词组

6、Notice强调感官注意到Play attention to 心理上重视In the end（不用于句子中）= at least = finallyAgain = once again = once more = one more timeLesson 2Until 1. Prep 直到 2. conj 直到We talked until midnight.We talked until the rain stoppedNotuntil 到*时才/再Fromuntil 从到From Monday to FridayMonday through FridayTill（不用于句首） up toSo

7、 far = until now = up to nowSo far so good 直到现在一切都好Ring v. （铃，电话等）响。n. 戒指，指环状物 rang rung 可当及物与不及物Just then the telephone rangPlease ring the bell if you need helpRing a bell 有印象，依稀记得It does not ring a bell with me.I will ring/call you tonightI will give a ring/call tonightAunt n. 姑，姨，婶子，舅母Uncle n. 叔

8、，伯，姑父，姨夫Nephew n. 侄子，外甥Niece n. 侄女，外甥女Cousin n. 堂兄弟姐妹，表兄弟姐妹Brunch n. 早午饭 It 虚主语，多指时间，天气，环境，距离Its one oclockIts cold/hot todayIts dark outsideIts 2 miles from my home to the school时间频率副词 never/rarely/seldom/sometimes/often/usually/always副词再句子中，多位于实意动词（表示具体动作）之前，助动（do/be/have）和情态动词（can/may/must/should

9、/will）之后You should never trust himDo you always get up so late?Sleep late 睡到很晚才起Go to bed late 睡的很晚Stay up 熬夜Stay in bed 呆在床上Lie in bed 躺在床上Remain in bed 躺再床上Some time 一段时间Sometime 某个时候Sometimes 有时候I will call you sometime next weekI will be away for some timeThis /that/next/last 前面不加介词Out of 反义词 in

10、to 感叹句结构一What + a/an(+形容词)+可数名词单数（+主+谓）What a beautiful girl she is!结构二What + 形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词（+主语、谓语）What lovely children (they are)!What terrible weather (it is)!结构三How + 形容词/副词（+主语+谓语）How handsome (the boy is)!How beautiful (the girl is)!结构四How + 形容词+a/an+可数名词单数（+主语+谓语）How cute a boy (he is)How i

11、nteresting a story (it is)!现在进行时肯定句S. + be + (am/is/are) + doing否定句S. +be + not + doing一般疑问句Be + S. + doing特殊疑问句疑问句 + be + S. + doing表示现在进行的动作表示即将发生的动作I am moving this weekendHes meeting the manager tomorrowJust then = at that moment （正在那时）Just adv. 刚刚（句子中位置同时间频率副词）英式用于现在完成时（如本文）美式用于一般过去时问时间Whats ti

12、me is it?Have got the time?Got the time?Do you have the time?Lesson 3Send V. 寄，送（sent , sent）双宾语Send sth to sbdSend sbd sth邮寄：英：post 美:mailSpoil v. 损坏、毁掉、宠坏 =ruinRuin ones lifeShe is spoiled 她被宠坏了。Damage v. 损坏（物）Destroy v. 彻底摧毁（物）The bridge was damaged / destroyedInjure v. 使人受到身体的伤害 （事故）Wound v. 使人受

13、到刀伤或枪伤The wounded 伤员Hurt v. 使人受到身体、精神上的伤害You hurt my heart. 你伤了我的心。Friendly adj. 有好的、亲切的N + ly = adj. 像一样的Manly 有男子气概的、（女）像男人的Womanly 有女子气概的、像女人的Miserly 吝啬的（miser n.守财奴）Cowardly 胆小的 （coward n.懦夫）Lend v. 借给（lent . lent）区分：borrow v. 借（入）句型：borrow sth from sbd无borrow sbd sth 结构Decision n. 决定句型：、Make a

14、decisionReach a decisionArrive at a decisionCome to a decisionShe made a decision to marry the young man.同义：Decide to doMake up ones mind to do 下定决心I made up my mind to study abroadSingle 1. Adj. 唯一的、单一的 2. Adj. 单身的，未婚的。=availableA single bed 单人床A single ticket (美用 a one way ticket) 单程票Double adj. 两

15、个的、双倍的A double bed / roomThird adj. 三个的、三倍的Engaged 订婚的Married 结婚的Divorced 离婚的过去时时间过去发生的动作或存在的状态过去一段时间内的习惯，反复发生的动作结构一般动词。S (主语)+Ved(动词一般过去式)否定：s + didnt v (原型)疑问：did + s + v (原型)？be动词s（主语）+ was / were否定：s + wasnt / werent疑问：was / were + s？补充：一般过去式经常和表示过去时间的状语连用如: yesterday ; last week ; two years ago

16、 ; in 1999等。9/8/2009 10:07:01 PMIts Greek to me 我一点也听不懂。Everyday life 日常生活Think of 原来不知道，但是现在想到了 想到Think about 想着Pass = go by = fly How time flies! 时间过的真快啊！By sth for sbd = by sbd sth用for 的：buy make do find call(I will call a taxi for you.)Spend on sthSpend （In）All day = the whole dayPay 钱 to sbd fo

17、r sthLesson 4Exciting adj. 令人兴奋的Exciting newsI found the game very excitingExcited adj. 感到兴奋的The excited aboutExcite excitementInteresting interestedSurprising surprisedSatisfying satisfiedReceive v. 接受、受到、得到Receive a letter / a giftReceive good educationReceive a warm welcomeReceive from I received

18、 a letter / a phone call from my mother this morning.Get = receiveI got a letter / a phone call from my mother this morning.Send v. 寄、送 accept v. 接受（更强调主观上的接受）I sent him a gift , but he didnt receive it.I received an invitation, but I didnt accept it.Different adj. 不同的A is different from bA is diffe

19、rent than b (am.e)SameA is the same as b a和b相同Indifferent adj. 冷漠的He is indifferent to all people.Indifference n. 冷漠Love me, or hate me, but show no indifference.Abroad adv. 到国外、在国外Go abroad 出国Live abroadStudy abroadTravel abroadForeign adj. 国外的Overseas adj.& adv. 大洋彼岸的Foreign / overseas studentsWor

20、k overseas / abroadAboard adv. 上船、车、飞机，在船、车、飞机上All aboard 全体上车Welcome aboard！ 欢迎加盟现在完成时的构成肯：S. + have / has + done否：S. + havent / hasnt + done疑：have / has + S. done 使用条件：1 表示一直延续到现在的动作。2 动作在过去已经发生，但对现在的影响依然存在，二具体发生时间不明，一旦有具体发生的时间，就必须用一般过去时。现在完成时的标志词：句子中出现下列时间状语常常提示我们应该使用现在完成时：Just(英式), lately, recen

21、tly, yet, already, ever, never, so far, up to now, before, for, since,同位语（appositive）：如果一句话中两个句子成分所指内容相同，则后者成为前者的同位语。John Smith, a friend of mine, has just called.主系表表语：补充说明主语，常由名词；形容词；副词；介宾或句子组成。注意：不可延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。Die, marry, come, arrive, leave, go, finish, buy, etc.My dog has died for three

22、 years. My dog has been died for three years. Work for + 公司Work as + 职务 + for + 公司He is working as an engineer for a big firm.Im working as an English teacher for new oriental school.表示“已经”在肯定句中用“already”多位于句中；在否定和疑问句中用“yet”，（否定句中翻译为“还（没有）”）多位于句尾。A number of 一些；若干A great number of 大量的Leave to 把某物遗赠给

23、某人Leave for 为某人留下什么Fly to = by plane / airGo to in a hurry = hurry to 匆忙的Before adv. 以前 （单独使用，位于句尾，现在完成时态标志词之一）Ago adv. 以前(不能单独使用，用于一般过去时)I saw him two days agoFind + 宾语 + 宾补 觉得、认为某人某物I find the book very useful.I find the girl clever and diligent.I find English difficult but very interesting.Mary 在

24、英国住了三年Mary has lived in England for 3yearsMary 还没有去英国Mary hasnt gone to England yet.Mary 以前从来没有去过英国Mary has never been to England before.区分have gone to / have been toIn this way = by this meansBy the way 顺便问一下，对了On the /ones way to 去的路上On the /my way to workOn the /my way homeIn the /ones way 挡（某人的）

25、路There is a motorcycle in my way / on my way to the station.In a way 从某种程度上讲。In a way, he is very successful.Lesson 6定冠词 a an theA/an 不定冠词，只修饰可数名词单数。The 定冠词，可修饰任何名词。A / an 用于第一次出现出现的人或物前，用a还是an取决于后面单词的第一个音标；如是元音用an，辅音用a。定冠词the常见的三种用法1 用于特指的人或物前The watch is mine.2用于世界上独一无二的事物前The sun / earth / moonTh

26、e Great WallThe European Union3用于上文中提到过的人或物前地理名词（江河海山川等）前要加定冠词the，如：The ThamesThe Rocky MountainsThe Pacific OceanThe Middle East湖前常不加定冠词：Lake Geneva 日内瓦湖但人名国家名城市名前一半不加冠词。少数国家例外，如：The United StatesThe United KingdomThe Peoples Republic of China拿首字母代替一般可以不加the ，但是全写要加。The PhilippinesThe NetherlandsTh

27、e Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea 朝鲜民主主义共和国表示很多个同名同姓的人中的一个时，人名之前需要加 a/an 。表示事物种类的方法一 不可数名词前不加冠词二 可数名词有三种形式1 名词复数 2 the + 单数名词 3 a / an + 单数名词Horses are beautiful animals.The horse is a beautiful animalA horse is a beautiful animal.Lession 7Expect v. 期待、等待I am expecting a present from him.I didn

28、t expect that you came so early.Expect sbd to do sth 期待某人做某事Expect sth to be doneI still expect the police to find my bag.I still expect y bag to be found by the police.Valuable adj. 贵重的，宝贵的A valuable ring Valuable adviceDont waste your valuable time.Value n. 价值Valueless adj. 一钱不值的Invaluable 价值高的无法估

29、计的，值钱的。Priceless adj. 无价的，值钱的Precious 宝贵的Diamond n. 钻石阅读词汇（了解词汇）Ruby 红宝石Emerald 绿宝石Sapphire 蓝宝石Platinum 铂金Steal v. 偷（stole, stolen）Steal sth (from sbd)A thief stole my bag (from me)Rob v.抢Rob sbd / sp (of sth)A robber robbed me of my bag.要点：steal的宾语是东西，rob的宾语是人或地点。His wallet was stolenHis house was

30、robbedGuard n. 1 警戒，首位 2 警卫员Be on guard 很警惕，在站岗Two men are on guard at the gate.Be off guard 不警惕Catch sbd off-guard 让某人很惊讶Your arrival really caught me off-guard.Bodyguard n. 保镖Lifeguard n. 救生员Safeguard v.保护，捍卫Punctual 准时的Punctuality 准时过去进行时态时间：表示过去某时或末阶段正在进行的动作。结构：S + was / were + doing否定:S + wasnt

31、 / werent + doing疑问：Was / were + S + doing?过去进行时经常用于、when 、while 及as引导的时间状语从句中。While I was sleeping, the telephone rang.Yesterday when I was walking down the street, I met Susan.Call the police 打电话报警Go to the police 去报警Tell police 报警Try to do 努力去做Try doing 尝试做某事以下词类不用于进行时态1 短暂性动词。2 静态动词。 Love / have

32、 / exist / think / understand区分The other 另一个（指两个中另一个）He came in with an apple in one hand and an orange in the other.Another 另一个（多指三个以上中）Give me another one.I need another two days.Others 代词，常用语some(the)others 结构Some people came back while the others didntOther 其他的，常作形容词。Other students Where is my o

33、ther shoe?The rest 其他的，其余的。To ones + N. Be full of 装满了，充满了Be filled with 充满着动词短语宾语的位置及物动词词组的宾语若是名词可放中间可放末尾，若是代词只能放中间；不及物动词词组的宾语无论名词代词只能放末尾。Lesion 8Competition n. 1 比赛、竞赛 2 竞争A chess competitionA beauty competitionCompetition in the marketCompete with 与竞争比赛Competitor n. 竞争者，对手Competitive adj. 竞争性的Com

34、petitiveness n. 竞争力Chinas competitiveness in international marketsMatch / game 2名运动员或2支球队的比赛A ball / boxing match / gameContest 由裁判打分的比赛A beauty /singing /dancing contestRace 竞速比赛A car /swimming /horse raceThe Olympic GamesPath n. 小路，小径The path to success /victory /freedomRoad 泛指道路Street 城市里的街道Avenu

35、e /boulevard 林荫大道（多用于街道的名字）Fifth AvenueChangan BoulevardHighway 城市间的公路Motorway /freeway 高速路Expressway 高速路形容词的比较级最高级英语中大多数形容词副词有三种形式：原级、比较级、最高级。比较级，最高级变化规则1 一般情况下，单音节词和以y结尾的双音节词词尾加-er构成比较级，加-est构成最高级。一般情况 +-er / est hard harder hardest以-e结尾 +r / -st large larger largest以辅音字母+y结尾 把y变成i再加-er/ est busy

36、busier busiest以一个元音字母+一个辅音字母结尾 比较级最高级变化规则2 多音节词（通常大于等于两个音节）的比较级最高级分别为：More + 原级 the most + 原级原级 比较级 最高级Good well better bestBad badly ill worse worstMuch many more mostLittle less leastFar farther (具体的远) farthest（具体的远） Further（抽象的远） furthest(抽象的远)Old older elder oldest eldest形容词最高级前必须加the ，副词最高级前的th

37、e 可以省略。在表示范围的词前加In，在表示群体的词前加of 或 among。Mr. Yu is the richest man in Beijing.The girl speaks English (the) best of / among us.Enter for something 报名参加比赛、考试Sign up for something 报名参加课程Nearly 100 students signed up for the English course.Join in / take part in / participate in something 参加（活动、比赛、会议等）Jo

38、in something 参加某个组织Win won won 赢得We finally won the game.I finally won his heart.Beat beat beatenDefeat defeated defeatedWe finally beat / defeated that team.形容词副词比较级+than1 Mary is more beautiful than Jane.2 Mary is more beautiful than Jane is.Grow / raise something 种植（花、蔬菜、水果、庄家）Raise something 还可表

39、示“养殖家禽、家畜”Plant something 种花、种树（不表示培育）系动词后可跟形容词It grew dark. 天变得黑了Grow up 长大成人Build = make 建造Gardening is a hard job.Gardening is hard work.Job 可数 work 不可数Thanks for 因为Lesson 91 n. 欢迎 v. 欢迎 adj. 受欢迎的A cold / warm welcomeWe received a warm welcome 我们受到热烈的欢迎Welcome!Welcome to Beijing.You are welcome.不

40、客气：Not at allYou are welcomeIts my pleasure.Its nothingDont mention it.Any time.Sure.Gather v. 聚集A crowd of people gathered at the gate.Gather crops 收割庄稼The darkness gathered. 夜色渐浓Gather rosebuds while you may 花开堪折直须折，莫待无花空折枝。Come together 到一起来，聚集Collect 聚集Refuse v. 拒绝Refuse + n. / pron.Refuse + to

41、do She refused the gift / present.I never refuse to help old friends.Refusal n. 拒绝His refusal hurts feelings.Turn down 拒绝Dont turn6 me down 别拒绝我Say no (to ) 拒绝He said no to any suggestions.Decline v. 婉言谢绝He declined the invitation.Reject v. 拒绝接受（尤指申请）His application was rejected.It only accepts stud

42、ents rejected by universities.介词：In / at / onI always call my mom in the evening.I always call my mom on Saturday evenings.On a cold winter morning.On the next nightOn a windy nightOn + 天 特定某天的某个时间。New Years eve 新年前夜Chinese New Years eveChristmas Eve Halloween Eve 万圣节前夜Crowd group / party / band 一群（

43、人）Gang 一帮（坏人）Gang of Four 四人帮People = personsStrike struck struck (钟)打点、报时In 20 minutes 在二十分钟后In + 一段时间年、月、四季大地点The morningThe afternoonThe eveningAt + 时间点小地点NoonNightDawnDuskHear from somebody 收到某人的来信Hear of somebody / something 听说Something happenA car accident happened to him.Past prep. /advPass v

44、.Cross / acrossI crossed the street/I walked across the street.Begin to do = Begin doingStart to do / doing Stop to do 停下来去做一件事 stop doing停下正在做的事Lessons 10Key n. 1 (琴、打字机、电脑)键Keyboard 键盘2 钥匙、答案、关键The key to the doorThe key to the questionEnglish has now become an international language. Therefore, i

45、f you have a good command of this language, you hold the key to successThe answer to the questionThe entrance to the buildingThe path to success 成功之路The solution to the problemShock vt. 使震惊（多为不好的事）Shocked adj. 感到震惊的Shocking adj. 令人震惊的Be shocked at / by 对感到震惊Shock n. 震惊那个消息让我很震惊:The news shocked meI

46、was shocked at the newsThe news was shocking (to me)The news gave me a shockShock vt. 只指坏的，程度重Surprise vt. 可好可坏，程度不重Astonish vt. 使惊讶（难以置信）Amaze vt. 使惊讶（令人迷惑）Amazing adj. 棒极了Language is the most astonishing behavior in the animal kingdom.Allow somebody to do 允许某人去做Permit somebody to do Give somebody

47、permission to doForbid somebody to do / from doingHe is forbidden to leave the country From leaving the countryProhibit somebody from doingBan somebody from doingBan 强调立法禁止被动语态A + DO + B B + be +done (+ by a)被动语态的不同事态体现在be动词上时态 被动语态一般现在 am / is / are + done一般过去 was / were + done现在进行 am / is / are +

48、being + done过去进行 was / were + being + done现在完成 has / have + been + done过去完成 had + been + done一般将来 will + be + done过去将来 would + be + done被动语态多用于以下场合1 不知道动作的执行者The temple was built in 18002 没必要指出动作的执行者The temple is being repaired3 强调动作的承受者Bruce was hit by a car比较：A car hit BruceCall A BBe made in 在某地制

49、造Be made from 由制造Be made of 由制造The wine is made from grapesBe made into 被做成The cloth was made into a dress.Be made forThe coffee was made for you.Keep vt. 放置（强调状态）Put / place vt. 放置（强调动作）He put / placed the keys in his pocket.He always keeps the keys in his pocket.living room 客厅sitting room 客厅bathro

50、om 厕所rest room 公共厕所bed room 卧室kitchen 厨房dining room 餐厅garage 车库study 书房attic 阁楼basement 地下室balcony 阳台yard 院子store room 储藏室guest room 客房Belong toBelongingsPlay the + 乐器Sothat 太以至于A father of my fathers (friends)One of my father s friends （双重所有格）Lesson 12Luck n. 幸运、运气（不可数）Good luck!Wish me luckBetter

51、luck next time!Lucky adj. 幸运的Eight is my lucky number.Lucky you! / Lucky me!Its your / my lucky day!You should thank your lucky stars.Sail v. 乘船航行Sail from toDrive from toFly from to Go to by boat /ship / car / train / plainGo to by water / sea / land / airGo to on footProud adj. 骄傲的He is as proud a

52、s a peacock.Be proud of 对感到骄傲Take pride in 对感到骄傲Pride oneself on 以而骄傲He is proud of his work.He takes pride in his work.He prides himself on his work.Modest adj. 谦虚的Be modest about 对谦虚He is very modest about his achievements.Modesty n. 谦虚、谦逊Goodbye. / Bye. / Bye-byeBye for now.See you (later / aroun

53、d / soon)See you later, alligator.After a while, crocodile. So long. (很长时间都不会再见了)Ta Ta一路顺风Have a nice / good trip / journey!Happy landings!Bon voyage!一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况肯定句 S. + will / shall + do否定句 S. + will / shall + not + do 或者S. + wont / shant + do疑问句 will / shall + S. + doShall只用于第一人称（I we），当代英语多

54、用will代替之。Meet somebody 在约定场所与某人见面See / wave somebody off 向某人告别John went to the door to see / wave her off.Say / wave goodbye to somebody.Wave / kiss somebody goodbyeEarly in the morning 在凌晨In the early morningLate in the afternoon 在傍晚In the late afternoonSail across the Atlantic 横渡大西洋Fly across the

55、English Channel 飞跃英吉利海峡动词 + across + 宾语Cross + 宾语 + 方式状语Cross the Atlantic by boatCross the English Channel by planeWalk across the countryCross the country on foot四大洋The Atlantic (Ocean) 大西洋The Pacific (Ocean) 太平洋The Indian Ocean 印度洋The Arctic (Ocean) 北冰洋启程、出发Set out / offStart out / offPlenty of 充

56、足的、绰绰有余的（修饰可数、不可使）Plenty of = enough充足的、足够的：AmpleAbundantSay hi （to ） 向某人问好Say no to Say no to drugs 拒绝毒品Lesson 13将来进行时态结构Will be doing1 表示将来某时将正在做的事。What will you be doing at 8 oclock tomorrow morning?I will be sleeping.2 表示将要做的事，类似于一般将来，比一般将来更强调一个动作的有计划性和安排行。将来进行时尤其用于可预见性的将来或询问别人的计划打算时I will be go

57、ing abroad next year.Will you be having dinner with us tonight?洗衣服：Do the laundryWould you speak English?Amusing adj.令人好笑的Amuse adj. 感到好笑的Amuse v.令感到好笑The story amused me.I was amused by the story.The story was amusing.Amusement n. 娱乐、消遣Amusement park 游乐场Experience 1.n. 经历（c） 2. N. 经验 (u)A happy exp

58、erienceWe should learn from past experience.Experience is the mother of wisdom 经验是智慧之母Experience v. 经历某事I have never experience such a thing.Experienced adj. 有经验的An experience teacherLife n. 搭便车Give / offer somebody a lift / ride 让某人搭便车，用车顺便送某人Ask somebody for a life/ ride请求搭某人的便车Thumb / hitch a lif

59、t / ride 搭某人的便车Hitchhike v. 搭便车I hitchhiked to Tianjin during my summer vacation.Reply / answer /respond 辨析I asked him a question but he didnt reply / answer / respond.He didnt reply to my question Answer my question Respond to my question.The reply to the questionThe answer to the questionThe respo

60、nse to the question过去完成时使用条件：表示动作发生在过去某时之前，即一定强调“过去的过去”过去完成时的构成肯定句 S. + had + done否定句 S. + had not / hadnt + done疑问句 Had + S. + doneIn / on / to the south of 表示地理方位：In 在内部On 接壤To 不接壤Shanghai is in the south of china.Vietnam is on the south of china.Indonesia is to the south of china.Wave to / at (远：