Chapter2商务英语翻译技巧市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件

1、review翻译基本方法音译 Transliteration直译 Literal Translation (word-for-word translation) 意译 Free Translation (sense-for-sense translation) 艺术加工第1页意译Sure, Bob, everybody talks about empowerment, but when the rubber hits the road, the bosses demand to have the last word.译文：当然，Bob， 每个人都在谈论放权，但真正开始执行总要等老板最终决议。W

2、hat foreign businessmen find encouraging is that ideology is no longer in the drivers seat.译文：令外商感到鼓舞是意识形态不再左右一切了。第2页课堂练习Floating policy is actually a convenient method of insuring goods where a number of similar export transactions are intended.floating policy 总保险单; 指用以承包多批次货运一个连续性长久保险凭证，常译为“统保单”。译

3、：统保单是货物保险一个便利方法,适合分不一样时间出口一批类似货物。第3页2. Without prejudice to any rights which exist under the applicable laws or under the Subcontract, the Contractor shall be entitled to withhold or defer payment of all or part of any sums otherwise due by the Contractor to the Subcontractor.without prejudice to相当于

4、without affecting，意为“在不损害标准下”，“在不影响情况下”等等。译：在不影响按适使用方法律或分包协议享受任何权利情况下，承包商有权扣留或暂缓支付承包商应付给分包商全部或部分到期金额。 第4页Chapter 2商务英语翻译技巧Translation Skills第5页Translation skills2.1 英译汉词汇翻译句子翻译2.2 汉译英词汇翻译句子翻译第6页2.1 英译汉 accept maturityProvided you fulfill the terms of the credit, we will accept and pay at maturity da

5、te. accept:承兑，认付（汇票等）maturity: 期满在贵企业推行信用证条款条件下，我行将承兑并于期满时支付信用证项下提醒汇票。一词多义第7页 outstanding settlementRegarding our outstanding account US $6,000, we must request you to send us immediately your check in settlement. outstanding: 未完结，未清，未付settlement: 支付，结帐相关未付账6，000美元，请马上寄来支票，方便结帐。第8页Starbucks annual t

6、urnover is 60 million yuan.That company has a fast turnover because of poor working conditions.turnover: 营业额；人员更换率第9页一词多义现象翻译 依据语境确定词义We are sorry to say we had to lodge a claim against you to cover our loss and hope you will take action immediately. 十分遗憾地奉告，我方不得不向你方提出索赔以填补我方损失，并希望尽快落实。This is the b

7、alance to cover the check.这是准备用来交付支票存款余额。第10页Case Study Once the jewels were safely locked up in the bank he had no more anxieties about their security.He gave his house as a security.Treasury securities are revalued daily.security: 安全; 抵押品，担保品; 证券，债券第11页依据专业确定词义They give 10% discount for cash payme

8、nt.The exporter may take the accepted bill to a discount bank before the maturity if he is in urgent need of the amount of money. 出口商假如急需用这笔钱,他能够把这个承兑了汇票拿去贴现银行贴现。If the forward exchange rate is higher than the spot rate, we call it forward premium, and if it is lower, we call it forward discount. 假如

9、远期汇率比即期汇率高，我们称之为远期升水;假如远期比即期低，我们称之为远期贴水。 discount 贴现银行贴现（银行金融）贴水（金融外汇）第12页依据搭配关系确定词义The above quoted are the articles in great demand, which have won a high reputation in various markets.上述报价商品均为畅销货物，它们已在世界各地市场上赢得很高声誉。The articles in this agreement must not be modified and ended without the agreemen

10、t by both parties.本协议中所列条款未经双方一致同意不得变动和修改。article: 商品；条款第13页Case Study The dollars remain strong against several important currencies. Canada is the biggest U.S. trading partner, accounting for more than 20% of both exports and imports, and the Canadian dollar is at all time low against the U.S. dol

11、lar.美元对几个国家货币保持坚挺。加拿大是美国最大贸易搭档，占了美国进出口总额20%。当前加元对美元比价处于历史最低点。第14页专业性 普通词汇，特殊意义In order to market our new product, we have printed fine literature.literature普通英语中，文学;商务英语中，printedmatters,including leaflets,instruction,productcatalogue, price list, etc. (文字宣传资料，诸如产品说明书、产品目录、价目表等)第15页However, the tarif

12、f should not be greater in amount that the margin of price caused by dumping.译文:不过，(反倾销)关税税额不应比因倾销而取得毛利润高。dumping，在商业领域被引申为“倾销”。margin，在商务英语中有“利润、毛额、押金、确保金”意义。第16页When Peter Welch, president of Cussons Polska and Uroda SA, arrived at Cussons newly acquired factory in Poland in 1993, he discovered th

13、at the concept of teamwork didnt exist.acquire 在商务英语中，“收购”当卡森波兰企业和乌诺达股份有限企业总裁彼得维奇刚到在波兰新并购工厂时， 他发觉那儿根本不存在团体合作概念。 注释:Uroda SA: 乌诺达股份有限企业。SA 是法语，有时也写成 或S.A.。意思是“股份有限企业”。第17页半专业词汇The bill of exchange shall be accepted first and then can be honored by the acceptor.honor ，“兑现、承付”意思。该汇票应先承兑，然后由承兑方进行支付。第18页

14、If all the terms and conditions in the credit are not complied with, the exporter may run the risk of his draft being dishonored by the bank.商务英语中， dishonor 指银行“退票、拒付”。假如信用证条款不一致，出口商汇票有可 能遭到银行拒付。第19页专业词汇lot Labels: labels attached to each piece of multiple lot shipment for identification purposes. L

15、ot Labels: 货票标签货票标签：给多批货物每件贴上标签方便于识别。第20页保险费赔偿房屋出租财产出租停业货币升值premiumindemnitytenancy lease of propertywind up/cease a businessappreciation of money 第21页作业：The premium rates vary with differed interests insured.If the buyer fails to pay any account when due, the buyer shall be liable to pay the seller

16、 overdue interest on such unpaid amount from the due date until the actual date of payment at the rate of five percent per annum, such overdue interest shall be paid upon demand of the seller. The articles of our immediate interest are your “CHON-HOI” brand Agricultural Washing Machines.（保险费率）被保险货物逾

17、期利息兴趣第22页2.1.2 句子翻译（p18） 拆句法词性转换法必定否定转换译法语序重组法省译法增译法重复法第23页1. 拆句法If a Party breaches any of the representations or warranties given by it in Articles 18.1 or repeated in 18.2, then in addition to any other remedies available to the other party under this contract or under Applicable Laws, it shallin

18、demnifyand keep indemnified the other Party and the company against any losses, damages, costs, expenses, liabilities and claims that such Party or the Company may suffer as a result of such breach.第24页协议复合句分析方法首先，找出全句主干结构；其次，要找出句子中全部谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句引导词；然后再分析从句和短句功效；最终，分析句子中是否有固定搭配，插入语等其它成份。第25页If

19、 a Party breaches any of the representations or warranties given by it in Articles 18.1, then in addition to any other remedies available to the other party under this contract or under Applicable Laws, it shallindemnifyand keep indemnified the other Party and the company against any losses, damages

20、, costs, expenses, liabilities and claims that such Party or the Company may suffer as a result of such breach.第一步，拆分句子：If a Party breaches in Articles 18.1then in addition to Applicable lawsit shall indemnify and costs, expenses, liabilities and claimsthat such Party or as a result of such breach.第

21、26页If a Party breaches any of the representations or warranties given by it in Articles 18.1, then in addition to any other remedies available to the other party under this contract or under Applicable Laws, it shallindemnifyand keep indemnified the other Party and the company against any losses, da

22、mages, costs, expenses, liabilities and claims that such Party or the Company may suffer as a result of such breach.第二步，句子结构分析：句主干结构是主语（It）（情态动词 动词原形）（shall indemnify and keep indemnifiedagainst） 宾语（the other Party and the Company）；“if”引导是条件从句，条件句宾语部分跟随即置定语（given by it in Articles 18. 1 ）；“in additi

23、on to”引导是增补成份，其关键词remedies也跟了后置定语（available to the other Party under this contract or under Applicable laws）；而“that”引导则是后置定语修饰紧邻五个名词；固定结构“indemnify sb. against ”使某人不受第27页If a Party breaches any of the representations or warranties given by it in Articles 18.1, then in addition to any other remedies

24、available to the other party under this contract or under Applicable Laws, it shallindemnifyand keep indemnified the other Party and the company against any losses, damages, costs, expenses, liabilities and claims that such Party or the Company may suffer as a result of such breach. 假如一方违反任何其依据第18.1

25、条所做陈说或担保，则另一方除依据本协议或适使用方法律寻求任何可能救助之外，违约方应该赔偿另一方或合营企业所以种违约行为而招致任何损失、损害、费用、开支、责任或索赔。第28页practiceThe Buyer may, within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination, lodge a claim against the Seller for short-weight being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor

26、.分析：这是一个简单长句，其主干为The Buyers maylodge a claim。修饰谓语动词状语有三个：a.分别表示时间within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destinationb.方式being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor和c.目标for short-weight译文：货物抵达目标港15天内，买方能够凭有信誉公共检验员出示检验证实向卖方提出短重索赔。第29页作业（拆句）In order to facil

27、itate business in consideration of the present monetary stringency（银根紧）, the corporation, on behalf of which I am studying this proposition, is willing to base transaction on trade by barter（易货贸易） and would import any articles, which you would ship to the United States.直译：为便于交易，考虑到最近银根很紧，本人正在研究这笔交易所

28、代表企业希望以易货贸易为基础进行交易，并进口你方能运到美国任何商品。拆句组合后：最近银根很紧，为寻求达成交易，本人代表企业正在研究怎样做成这笔交易。我们希望以易货贸易为基础，进口你方能运到美国任何商品。第30页2. He is a good observer. 3. Access to the Internet is very simple. Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经用来探索宇宙。他善于观察。 上互联网很简单。 Nylon is nearly twice as strong

29、as natural silk. 尼龙强度尼龙强度几乎是天然丝两倍。2. 词性转换法第31页 将英语名词转换成汉语动词，译文更符合汉语表示习惯。因为与英语相比，汉语句子中动词用得多，除了大量动宾结构外，还有很多连动式、兼语式等两个以上动词连用现象。所以，英语中不少词类，如名词、动名词、介词、形容词、副词等在英译汉时往往需要进行一定调整，转译成汉语动词。当然，英语名词化和汉语动词化并不排除在英译汉时把英语动词转化成汉语名词，再如：美国与德国汽车制造商在欧洲市场竞争得异常激烈，迫使我们不得不改变投资计划。（英语名词转换成汉语动词）Extremely keen competition between

30、 American and German vehicle manufacturers in the European market has compelled us to change our investment plan. 第32页A government report targets earnings from industry at US $ 200 billion by . The cost of making goods can be drastically lowered by means of mass-production. 政府一份汇报提出一个指标：到，要使工业收入到达 2

31、 000 亿美元。（英语动词转换成汉语名词） 经过批量生产能够大幅度降低生产产品成本。（英语介词转化成汉语动词） Before World War II the most successful attempt to reduce tariffs by reciprocal bargaining was the trade agreements program of the United States, which was limited, however, by its bilateral nature. 第二次世界大战之前，经过相互谈判降低关税最成功努力是美国贸易协定计划，不过这一计划受其双

32、边性质限制。（英语代词转换成汉语名词）第33页Advertising affects tremendously every sphere of modern life. The fair price connected with the superiority of varieties of our products will be able to guarantee our competitive edge in the international market. 广告对当代生活方方面面产生极大影响。（英语副词转换成汉语形容词）我方各种各样产品价格公平，品质优良，能够确保在国际市场竞争优势。

33、（英语名词转换成汉语形容词）。 第34页I have the honor to inform you that the new products of yours have entered the international markets. 我荣幸地告诉你，贵企业新产品已经打入了国际市场。（名词转换成副词）Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the trade in opium must be preceded by the destruction of the drug itself. 林则徐认为，要成功地禁止鸦片，就得首先把鸦片焚毁。（形

34、容词+名词转换为副词 +动词，名词转换为动词） 1. Males and females are equal in their right to inheritance. （形容词转换为名词；介词转换为名词） 继承权男女平等。第35页There must be less empty talk and more hard work. For 20 years we were passive witnesses to the deterioration of prices of our raw materials and an excessive increase of the prices of

35、 manufactured goods.（名词转换为动词） 一定要少说空话，多做工作。（形容词名词转换为副词动词） 二十年来我们坐视原材料价格下跌与工业品价格暴涨（情况）。第36页Amplification (增词法) 3. 增减法（Amplification & Pruning ） By amplification we mean supplying necessary words in our translation work so as to make the version correct and clear, to make it more like the language tra

36、nslated into. Of course words thus supplied must be indispensable either syntactically or semantically. In other words, a translator is not supposed to add any meaning to the original. There are two kinds: 1)Words for syntactic constructionto secure correctness, 2)Words supplied for semantic complet

37、ionto secure clearness. Both aim at making the version expressive and readily understood by the reader.第37页 增词法（Amplification）：增补同义词增补范围词增补产品名称第38页晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球演出之后，他还得起草最终公报。2. Our product is indeed cheap and fine.我们产品物美价廉。 3. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact

38、 man.读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人准确。 Warm upIn the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqu. 第39页增补同义词 增词法The innovation of products is one of the reform measures of the SOEs because it can decrease loss, cost and budget.

39、产品革新是国企改革办法之一，因为它能够降低损失、降低成本并削减预算。假如直译成：“产品革新是国企改革办法之一，因为它能够降低损失、成本和预算。”那么，句中“降低”和“成本”搭配就不妥当，所以有必要增补对应汉语词汇。第40页practiceInvestor confidence is crucial to the success of our economic system.投资者信心对于经济体系成功运行至关主要。Both the buyer and the seller are busy at negotiations of business, contract and draft. 买卖双方

40、正忙于交易磋商，合约谈判和汇票议付。假如直译为：“买卖双方正忙于交易，合约和汇票磋商。”那么，“磋商”和“合约”及“汇票”搭配也不准确，所以，需要译者依据汉语搭配习惯做出增补。第41页增补范围词 在英译汉过程中考虑到汉语表示习惯，经常增加范围词有：方法、办法、情况、情绪、状态、现象、方面、问题、关系、工作等。The changes of requirements for the commodities in the market are affected by the internal and external factors.影响市场对商品需求改变情况有内因和外因两方面原因。 假如直译就是：

41、影响市场对商品需求改变有内因和外因两方面。但若添加范围词“情况”、“方面”等来修饰对应抽象名词，changes和 factors 愈加详细、明确，符合汉语修辞需要。第42页practiceThe tension in the Middle East has attracted much attention. 中东担心局势已引发了全世界广泛关注。The terms of the contract must be clear, definite, certain and complete. 协议条款必须书写清楚、意思明确、语气必定、内容完备。 Unless these issues are add

42、ressed as a matter of urgency, the consequent de-motivation of staff will undoubtedly have a negative impact on the performance of the company. 假如这些问题得不到紧急处理，员工队伍中随之出现消极怠工情绪无疑将对企业整个运行业绩产生负面影响。第43页 混乱局面 饱和状态 废物回收利用 准备工作 管理部门 冗员，多出信息 补救办法 处理方案 修改方案 有利地位 落后状态 .confusion saturation recycling preparation

43、 management redundancy remedies solution modification advantage backwardness 第44页 说服工作 担心局势 自满情绪 疯狂行为 敌对态度亵渎行为军事,政治,经济等方面 .persuasion tension arrogance madnessantagonismprofanitymilitarily, politically and economically第45页增补产品名称词义对于英文中缺失产品名称，翻译时有时要依据详细情况增补出来。如：The price which society pays for the la

44、w of competition, like the price it pays for cheap comforts and luxuries, is also great.社会为竞争法则付出代价，如同它为廉价舒适家用商品和高档消费品代价一样巨大。 comfort 和 luxury 都是抽象名词，但在组成复数后，词义就详细化了。不然该句就会产生这么误译：社会竞争法则付出代价如同它为廉价舒适和奢侈付出代价一样巨大。第46页The five Toyota, twenty Hitachi and thirty Fuji Xerox have long been ready for shipment

45、, but shipment cannot be effected because of the late arrival of your L/C. 5辆丰田牌汽车，20台日立牌电视机和30台富士施乐牌复印机早已备妥待运，但因你方信用证延迟抵达，货物不能按期装运。 原文中Toyota，Hitachi，Xerox都为世界著名品牌，在翻译时要按汉语习惯使用方法把他们产品名称补充完整，才能使译文详细明了。 第47页4. 减词法（Omission or pruning）to leave out some unnecessary words.One of the differences in synta

46、x between English and Chinese is the disparity in wording. What is regarded as a natural or indispensable element in one language may be regarded as superfluous or even “a stumbling block” in the other. For the sake of succinctness, functional words in English such as the article, the preposition ar

47、e usually omitted in translation.See examples:第48页A difference arose between the neighbors over the height of the fence.邻居之间为了篱笆高度惹起了一场争论。邻居为篱笆高低有过争论。（思果，译道探微，中国对外翻译出版企业，） P149。Fight when you can win; move away when you cannot win.打得赢就打;打不赢就走。第49页It was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone t

48、he visit which I had intended to pay to China in May. I was delighted when, as a result of the effort of your company, it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly.原打算五月份访华，后不得不推迟，深感失望。因为贵企业努力，访问这么快得以重新安排，非常高兴。 减词是指将原文中需要、而译文中又不需要词语省去。减省词语应是那些在译文中保留下来反而使行文累赘噜嗦、且不合汉语语言表示习惯词语。减词普通用于以下两种情况：一是从语

49、法角度进行减省；二是从修饰角度进行减省，但总体效果无非是在更透彻地了解原文基础上更流畅地表示出来。第50页A teacher should have patience in his work. The products should be sampled to check their quality before they leave the factory.I framed the words in my mind, “Pardon me, but have I done something to offend you?” （省略冠词）当老师应该有耐心。（省略冠词） 产品出厂前应该进行抽样质

50、检。（省略介词和名词） 我心里在嘀咕：“对不起，我有什么举止行为冒犯你了吗？”With the weather so stuffy, ten to one itll rain presently. 天这么闷，很可能就要下雨了。University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not. （省略介词） 报考大学人中，有工作经验优先录用。第51页Unless you propose something definite together with larger impro

51、vement on your price, we are not inclined to place a large order.Neither party shall cancel the contract without sufficient cause or reason.Deliverymust be effectedwithin the time stated on the purchase order.We took this opportunity to inform you that we are now in a position to make a prompt shipm

52、ent of themerchandise.作业第52页Unless you propose something definite together with larger improvement on your price, we are not inclined to place a large order. 除非你方提供详细提议，并较大幅度地降低价格，不然，我们是不会大批订货。Neither party shall cancel the contract without sufficient cause or reason. 双方均不得无故解除协议。Deliverymust be eff

53、ectedwithin the time stated on the purchase order.必须在购货单要求时间交货。We took this opportunity to inform you that we are now in a position to make a prompt shipment of themerchandise. 兹奉告，该商品可即期装运。作业第53页重复法（repetition）We should learn how to analyze and solve problems. 我们应该学会怎样分析问题和处理问题。The big company has its disadvantages. 大企业有大企业难处。Managing multinationals