15年八级冲刺阅读讲义

1、2008-2014专业八级阅读冲刺7 年 28 文 140 题标*者为与潜在高级写作相关的文章或内含词汇句型最为丰富的文章，建议深度熟读请注意真实考卷上是没有段落标号的。2014-TEXT A（830 字，9 段）*生活（精）1/My class arvard Business School helps students understand what good managementtheory is and how it is built. In each ses, we look at one company through the lenses ofdifferent theories,

2、 using them to explain how the company goto its situation and to examinewhtions will yield the needed results. On the last day of class, I ask my students to turn thosetheoretical lenses on themselves to find answers to two questions:, How can I be sure Ill behappywilly career? Second, How can I be

3、sure my relationships with my spouse and my familye an enduring source of happiness? Here are some management toolst can be usedto help you lead a pur2/ 1. USE Yeful life.WISELY. Your decis about allocating youraltime, energy, and talent shthese resour: Im tryingyour lifes strategy. I have a bunch o

4、f “businesses”t compete forto have a rewarding relationship with my wife, raise great kids,contribute to my community, succeedy career, and contribute to my church. And I haveexactly the same problemt a corporation does. I have a limited amount of time, energy, andtalent. How muchdevote to each of t

5、hese pursuits?3/Allocation choican make your life turn out to be very different from what youended.Sometimes yin lives of short-termts good: Opportunitiest you nevlanned for emerge. But if you dont investwisely, thee can be bad. As I think about people who inadvertently investedhollow unhappiness, I

6、 cant help bevingt their troubles relate right back to a.4/When people wihigh need for achievemenve an extra half hour of time or an extraounce of energy, theylconsciously allocate it to activitiest yield the most tangibleplishments. Our careers provide the most concrete evidencet were moving forwar

7、d.You ship a product, finish a design, complete a presenion, close a sale, teach a class, publish apr, get paid, get promoted. In contrast, investing time and energy in your relationships withyour spouse and children typically doesnt offert same immediate sense of achievement. Kidsmisbehave every da

8、y. Its really not until 20 years down the roadt you can say, “I raised a goodson or a good daughter.” You can neglect your relationship with your spouse, and on a daily basisit doesnt seem as if things are deteriorating. People who are driven to excel have this unconsciouspropensity to underinvesthe

9、ir famis and overinvestheir careers, even thoughimateand loving family relationships are the mosterful and enduring source of happiness.5/If predisthroughyou study the root causes of business disasters, over and over youll find thisition toward endeavorst offer immediate gratification. If you look a

10、tal livest lens, youll see the same stunning and sobering pattern: people allocating fewer andfewer resourto the things they would have onaid mattered most.6/2. CREATE A FAMILY CULTURE. Its one thing to seeo the foggy future withacuity and chart the course corrections a company must take. But its qu

11、ite another to persuadeemployees to line up and work cooperatively to take the companyhat new direction.17/When there is little agreement, you have to use “er tools”coercion, threats,punishment and so on, to secure cooperation. But if employees ways of working together succeedover and over, consensu

12、s begins to form. Ultimay, people dont even think about whether theirway yieldcs. They embrace priorities and follow procedures by instinct and amptionrathern by explicit deci, whieanst theyve created a culture. Culture, in compellingbut unspoken ways, dices the proven, acceptable methods by whiembe

13、rs of a group addressrecurrent problems. And culture defines the priority given to different types of problems. It can beaerful management tool.8/I use this mto address the question, How can I be sure my familyes an enduringsource of happiness? My students quickly seet the simplest way parents can e

14、licit cooperationfrom children is to wieldtools no longer work. Ater tools. But there comes a poduring the teen years whenert po, parents start wishing they had begun working with theirchildren at a very young age to build a culture in which children instinctively behave respectfully toward one anot

15、her, obey their parents, and choose the right thing to do. Famis have cultures,just as companies do. Those culture can be built consciously.9/ If you want your kids to have strong self-esteem and the confidencet they can solve hardproblems, those qualities wontally materialize in high school. You ha

16、ve to design themoyour familys culture, and you have to think about this very early on. Like employees, childrenbuild self-esteem byng thingst are hard and learning what works.11. According to the author, the key to suc whether you.can manage your time wellhave long-term planningare lucky enough to

17、have new opportunitiessful allocation of resourin your life depends onD.can solve both company and family problems12. What is the role of the sement “Our careers provide the most concrete evidencet weremoving forward.” with reference to the previous sementA. To offer further explanation. B.Toprovide

18、 a definition.C.To present a contrast.D.To illustrate career development.he paragraph?13. According to the author, a common cause oA. lack of planning B.short-sightednessC. shortage of resourilure in business and family relationships is.D.deciby instinct14. According to the author, when does culture

19、 bego emerge?When people decide what and how to do by instinct.When people realize the importance of consensus.When people as a group decide how to succeed.D.When people use “er tools” to reach agreement.15. One of the similarities betn company culture and family culture blem-solving ability

20、is essentialcooperation is the foundation2C. respect and obedience are key elementsD.culture needs to be nurtured2014-TEXT B（800 字，14 小段）*文学=人物篇（精）1/It was nearly bedtime and when they awoke next morning land would be in sight. Dr. Macphail lit his pipe and, leaniner the rail, searched the heavens f

21、or the South Cross. Aftertwo years at the front and a woundd taken longer to healn it should, he was glad tosettle down quietly at Apia(better for the journey. Sin，西萨摩亚首都) for twelve monthseast, and he felt alreadyome of the passengers were leaving the ship next day they had had alittle dancet eveni

22、ng and in his ears hammered still the harsh notes of the mechanical piano.But the deck was quielast. A little way off he saw his wife in a long chair talking with theDavidsons, and he strolled over to her. When he sat down under the light and took his hat you sawt he had very red hair, wibald patch

23、on the crown, and the red, freckled skin whichpanied red hair; he was a man of forty, thin, wipinched face, precise and rathed;and he spoke wiScots accent iy low, quiet voice.2/Betn the Macphails and the Davidsons, who were misaries, there had arisen theimacy of shipboard, which is due to proximity

24、rathern to any community of taste. Theirchief tie was the disapproval they shared of the men who spent their days and nightshesmoking-room playing poker or bridge and drinking. Mrs. Macphail was not a little flattered tothinkt she and her husband were the only people on board with whom the Davidsons

25、 werewilling to assote, and even the doctor, shy but no fool, half unconsciously acknowledged thecompliment. It was because he was of an argumenive mindpermitted himself to carp(唠叨).their cabin at night he3/Mrs. Davidson was saying she didnt know how theyd have got through the journey if ithadnt bee

26、n for us, said Mrs. Macphail, as she ney brushed out her transformation（假发）. She said we were really the only people on the ship they cared to know.4/I shouldnve thought a misary wach a big bug（要人、名士）t he could affordto put on frills（摆架子）.5/“Its not frills. I quite understand what she means. It woul

27、dnve been very nice for theDavidsons to have to mix willt rough lothe smoking-room.”6/The founder of their religion wasnt so exclusive, said Dr. Macphail wichuckle.7/Ive asked you over and over again not to joke about religion, answered his wife. I shouldnt like to have a nature like yours, Alec. Yo

28、u never look for the best in people.8/He gave her a sidelong glance with his pale, blue eyes, but did not reply. After many years ofmarried life he had learnedt it was more conducive to peace to leave his wife with the lastword. He was undressed before she was, and climbinghimself to sleep.o the upp

29、er bunk he settled down to read9/When he came on deck next morning they were close to land. He looked at it with greedy eyes. There was a thin strip of silver beach rising quickly to hills covered to the top with luxuriant vege ion. The coconut trees, thick and green, came nearly to the waters edge,

30、 and among them you saw the grass houses of the Samoans(萨摩亚人); and here and there, gleaming white, a little church. Mrs. Davidson came and stood beside him. She was dressed in black, and wore round herneck a gold chain, from which dangled a cross. She was a little woman, with brown, dull hair veryel

31、aboray arranged, and she hrominent blue eyes behind invisiblnce-nez(夹鼻眼镜). Her3face was long, like a sheeps, but she gave no impresof foolishness, rather of extremealertness; she had the quick movements of a bird. The most remarkable thing about her was hervoice, high, metallic, and without inflexio

32、n; it fell on the ear wihard monotony, irriing tothe nerves like thtiless clamor of the patic drill.10/This must seem like home to you, said Dr. Macphail, with his thin, difficult s. 11/Ours are low islands, you know, not like these. Coral. These are volcanic. Weve gotanother ten days journey to rea

33、ch them.12/facetiously.hese partsts almost like beinghe next streehome, said Dr. Macphail13/“Well,differentlyts rather an exaggerated way of he South Seas. So far youre right.”putting it, but one does lookatdistan14/Dr. Macphail sighed faly.16. It can be inferred from the A.preferred quietness to no

34、iseparagrapht Dr. Macphall .enjoyed the sound of the mechanical pianowas going back to his hometownwanted to befriend the Davidsons17. The Macphails and the Davidsons were in each others company because they . A had similar experienceB.liked each otherC.shared dislike for some passengers D had simil

35、ar religious bef18. Which of the following sements BEST describes Mrs.Macphail? A.She was good at making friends.She was prone to quarrelling with her husband.She was skillful in dealing with strangers.She was easy to get along with.19. All the following adjectives can be used to d A.arrogantB. unap

36、proachableC.unpleasant D.irritablect Mrs. Davidson EXCEPT .20. Which of the following sements about Dr. Macphail is INCORRECT?He was soHe wasble.elligent.C.He was afraid of his wife.D. He made fun of the Davidsons.TEXT C（527 字，6 段）心理（泛）1/Today we make room for a remarkably narrow range ofality style

37、s. Were toldt tobe great is to be bold, to be happy is to be soble. We see ourselves as a nation ofextrovertswhieanst weve lost sight of who we really are. One-third to one-half of Americans arerovertsin other words, one out of every two or three people you know. Ifyoure not anrovert yourself, you a

38、re surely raising, managing, married to, or coupled with one.42/ If these sisticrprise you,ts probably because so many people pretend to beextroverts.Closetroverts pandetected on playgrounds, in high school locker rooms, and inthe corridors of corporate America. Some fool even themselves, until some

39、 life eventa layoff, anempty nest, an inheritancet frees them to spend time as they likejolts themo taking stockof their true natures. You have only to raise thibject with your friends and acquaantofindt the most unlikely people consider themselvesroverts.3/It makes senset so manyroverts hide even f

40、rom themselves. We live wivaluesystemt I call the Extrovert Idealthe omnipresent beft the ideal self is gregarious, andion to contemplation, risk-takingcomfortablehe spotlight. The archetypal extrovert preferto heed-taking, certay to doubt. He favors quick decis, even at the risk of being wrong. She

41、works welleams and solizes in groups. We like to thinkt we value individuality, but alltoo often we admire one type of individualthe kind whos comfortable “putting himself out there.” Sure, we allow technologically gifted loners who launch companies in garages to have anyality they please, but they

42、are the exceptions, not the rule, and our tolerance extends mainlyto those who get fabulously wealthy or hold the promise ofng so.4/roversecond-classalong with its cousins sensitivity, seriousness, and shynessis now aality trait, somewhere betn a disappoment and a pathology.rovertsliving under the E

43、xtrovert Ideal are like women in a mans world, discounted because of a traittgoes to the core of who they are. Extroveris an enormously appealingality style, butweve turned ito an oppressive standard to whiost of us feel we must conform.any studies, though this research has never5/ The Extrovert Ide

44、al has beenedbeen grouped under a single name. Talkativepeople, for exle, are rated as smarter,better-looking, moreas volume: we reresting, and more desirable as friends. Velocity of speech counts as wellfast talkers as more competent and likablen slow ones. Even the wordrovert is stigmatizedone inf

45、ormal study, by psychologist Laurie Helgoe, foundtrovertsdescribed their own physical appearance in vivid language, but when asked to describe generic roverts they drew a bland and distasteful picture.6/But we make a grave mistake to embrace the Extrovert Ideal so unthinkingly. Some of ourgreatest i

46、deas, art, and inventionsfrom the theory of evolution to van Goghnflowers to theal computercame from quiet and cerebral people who knew how to tuneworlds and the treasures to be found there.o their inner21. According to the author，there exists，as far asality styles are concerned，a discrepancybetn .w

47、hat people say they can do and what they actually canwhat society values and what people pretend to bewhat people profess and what sistics showwhat people profess and what they hide from others22. The ideal extrovert is described as being all the following EXCEPT . A.doubtfulB. sobleC.determinedD.bo

48、ld523. According to the author，our society only permitsto have whateversonality they like.the youngthe ordinarythe artisticthe rich24. According to the passage ， which of the following sements BEST reflects the authors opinion?roverExtroveris seen as an inferior trait because of its assotion with se

49、nsitivity.is arbitrarily forced by society as a norm upon people.C.roverts are generally regarded as either unsucsful or as deficient.D.Extroverandroverhave similarality trait profiles.25. The author winds up the passage wi note.D.humorousA.cautiousB.warningC.itiveTEXT D（520 字，7 段）语言科学（泛）1/Speakino

50、languages rathern just one has obvious practical benefits in an increasinglyglobalized world. But in recent years, scientists have begun to showt the advantages ofbilingualism are even more fundamentaln being able to converse wiwider range of people.Being bilingual, it turned out, makes you smarter.

51、 It can have a profound effect on your brain, improving cognitive skills not related to language and even shielding against dementia( 痴呆) in old age.2/This view of bilingualism is remarkably different from the understanding of bilingualismthe 20th century. Researchers, educators and policy makers lo

52、ng considered athrough much of second language to be anellectual development.erference, cognitively speaking,t hindered a childs academic and3/They were not wrong about theerference: there isle evidencet in a bilingualsbrain both language systems are active even when he is using only one language, t

53、hus creatingsituations in which one system obstructs the other. But thiserference, researchers are findingout, isnt so much a handic, giving the mind a workouta blessing in disguise. It forthe brao resolveernalt strengthens its cognitive muscles.4/The collective evidence from a number of such studie

54、improves the brains so-called executive functionaggestst the bilingual experienced systemt directs the attentionperforming various other mentallyprosest we use for planning, solving problems anddemanding tasks. These proses include ignoring distractions to stay focused, switchingattention willfully

55、from one thing to another and holding informationa sequence of directions while driving.indlike remembering5/Why does the tussetn two simultaneously active language systems improve theseaspects of cognition? Until recently, researchers thought the bilingual advantage stemmedprimarily from an ability

56、 for inhibitiont was honed by the exercise of suppressing onelanguage system: thippres, it was thought, would help trahe bilingual mind to ignoredistractions in other contexts. Butt explanation increasingly appears to be inadequate, sincestudies have shownt bilinguals perform bettern monolinguals ev

57、en at taskst do notrequire inhibition, like threading a line through an ascending series of numbers scattered randomly6on a page.6/The key difference betn bilinguals and monolinguals may be more basic: a heightenedability to monitor the environment. “Bilinguals have to switch languages quite oftenyo

58、u maytalk to your father in one language and to your mother in another language,” says Albert Costa, a researcher at the University of PompeaFabra in Spain. “It requires keng track of changesaround youhe same wayt we monitor our surroundings when driving.” In a studycomparing German-Italian bilingua

59、ls with Italian monolinguals in completing monitoring tasks,Mr. Costa and his colleagues foundt the bilingual subjects not only performed better, but alsodid so with lesivity in parts of the brain involvedonitoring, indicatingt they wereefficienit.7/The bilingual experience appears to influence the

60、brain from infancy to old age, and there isreason to bevet it may also apply to those who learn a second language later in life.26. According to the passage，the more recent and old views of bilingualism differ mainly in . A.its practical advantagesB.its role in cognition C.perceived language fluency