主谓一致 (2)PPT讲稿

1、关于主谓一致 (2)PPT第一张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月Useful structures语法详解： 所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。第二张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月The boy _ diving.They _ diving.Both Jack and Tim _ diving.All of them _ diving.Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.isareareisareFinish the following exercises:第三张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年

2、6月Bob Bob _ a worker.isMike Mike and Bob _ workers.areBoth Mike and Bob _workers.areNeither Mike nor Bob _a teacher.isBill Neither of them _ (know) how to teach English. knows/knowAll of them _ workers.None of them _ (know) how to teach English.are knows/know第四张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：1. a

3、nd连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：(1) He and she _both students of this school. 他和她都是这个学校的学生。如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。一、语法一致原则are第五张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月(2) 但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数。 第六张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月 The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance. 那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们

4、表演。 The knife and fork _on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。 isis第七张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月2. 如果主语是不定式, 动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。When he is coming _ very important. 他什么时候要来看起来很重要。 Collecting stamps _ his hobby. 收集邮票是他的爱好。 To love her _ not to break her wings. 爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。seemsisis第八张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月3. 定语从句的关

5、系代词who, which, that在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。 Those who_ singing may join us. Tom, who _ your friend, should help you. enjoyis第九张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月4. with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。例如：The teacher, together

6、with his students, _ planting trees in the street. 老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。is第十张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月Mr. Black , as well as two women, _ at the office.isMr. Black with, together with, along with第十一张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要和

7、就近的主语保持一致。二、就近原则Neither you nor I _ wrong. There _ a cup of tea and some apples on the table.amis第十二张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月Not only the students but also the teacher _ for a holiday. wishes第十三张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月三、概念一致原则 所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式, 而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数, 但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数,

8、 但在意义上却是单数。第十四张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月1. 不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。All of the apples _rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。All of the apple _rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。 are is第十五张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月None of the money_ left. 没有剩下一点钱。None of the students _ there. 没有学生在那里。 is is第十六张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月None 和 neither 有

9、时当作单数看待，有时当作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。做主语时，谓动可用单数，也可用复数。但在代表不可数名词时常看作单数，因而谓动须用单数。Neither of them _ (know) how to teach English.None of them _ (know) how to teach English. knows/know knows/know第十七张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月第十八张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third

10、 of在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。第十九张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月Half of the students _finished theircomposition. 一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。Half of the apple _bad. 一半的苹果坏了。About 60 percent of the students in ourschool _boys. 我们学校, 大约百分之六十的学生是男生.haveisare第二十张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月3. 集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强

11、调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。第二十一张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月His family _going out. 他们全家要外出。His family _all music lovers. 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。is are 第二十二张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月4. 某些名词如people, police, cattle等,形式上是单数, 但意义上是复数, 谓语动词应用复数。people指“民族”时是例外。 The

12、 police _ searching for a thief. The cattle _ eating grass on the hill.areare第二十三张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月5. 复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。Someone_ asking for you. 有人找你。Nothing _ found in the room. 在

13、屋子里什么也没找到。isis第二十四张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月6. 某些名词如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses等, 通常只用其复数形式, 但当它们被a pair of 修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。如: The shoes _ worn out. 鞋子破了。 The pair of shoes _ worn out. 这双鞋破了。 areis第二十五张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月名词如trousers, pants, shorts, glasses, scissors以及clothes, goods等做主语，谓动要用复数；但当这类词前有

14、a/the pair of修饰时，谓动用单数。第二十六张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月某些名词以s结尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，谓语动词应用单数。物理是一门很有趣的学科。 Physics is a very interesting subject.第二十七张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月8. every. and every .; each . and each .; no . and no . 在以上短语中and连接的单数名词, 整个短语在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用单数。 Each man and each

15、 woman_ asked to attend. is第二十八张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。听不到任何声音。Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent.No sound and no voice is heard.第二十九张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月9. 以a number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数; 以the number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 A number of new books_ on the desk. The number of students

16、 in you class _ 50. areis第三十张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月10. 有些名词的单数和复数形式一样, 作主语的时候, 其谓语动词由上下文决定, 这一类名词有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。 Not every means _ useful. 不是每种方法都好使。 Not all means _ useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。isare第三十一张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月11. many a, more than one, one and a half与单数名词组

17、成的短语, 谓语用单数。 Many a boy _ seen it. 许多孩子都看到了。12. 书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数。 Thirty years _ not a long time. Roots is a famous American novel.hasis第三十二张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月1. this kind of book = a book of this kind (这种书) , 其谓语用单数; 短语this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men (口

18、语) (这一类人), 但this kind of men 的谓语用单数, men of this kind 和these kind of men 的谓语用复数, all kinds of 后跟复数名词, 谓语用复数形式。例如：应该注意的几个问题:第三十三张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月 This kind of men _ dangerous. Men of this kind _dangerous.2. 在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如: Between the two windows _ a picture.isarehangs第三十四张，PPT共八十七页

19、，创作于2022年6月3. “分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of 后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如:第三十五张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月Lots of damage_ caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earths surface _ covered wit

20、h water.Three-fifths of the workers here _women.和这种情况类似的还有“a number of + 名词复数”。但是,“the number of + 名词”的中心词却是number。试比较： wasisare第三十六张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月A number of students _ gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest.The number of pages in this book _ two hundred.haveis第三十七张，PPT共八十七页，

21、创作于2022年6月注意:a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词, 其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。A large quantity of people _ needed here.is第三十八张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月quantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。例如:Quantities of food (nuts) _ on the table.短语in quantity, in large quantities 意为 “大量”; in small quantities 意为“少量”。 were第三十九张，

22、PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月4. a great deal of, a large amount of, 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数; large amounts of 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数。例如:第四十张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月A large amount of (A great deal of) damage _ done in a very short time.Large amounts of money _ spent on the bridge.waswere第四十一张，PPT共八十七页，创作于

23、2022年6月5. 表示数量的one and a half 后, 名词要用复数形式, 但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如： One and a half bananas _ left on the table.is第四十二张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月6. 如果主语由“the + 形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数;这类词有: the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dub, the oppressed, th

24、e injured, the wounded, the unemployed 等; 但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则用单数。例如：第四十三张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月The blind _ in special school.The departed(死者)_ a well-known engineer.这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,就要与名词man, person 或表示人的单数连用。例如: an old man, a rich person, the (a) wounded soldier.studywas第四十四张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月主谓

25、一致练习第四十五张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月1. Now Tom with his classmates _ football on the playground.A. play B. are playingC. plays D. is playing2. Thirty dollars _ too expensive.A. are B. is C. were D. be第四十六张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月3. If anybody _, please put down _ name, said the teacher to the monitor.A. wants

26、to buy the book/his B. want to buy the book/theirC. will buy the book/ones D. wants to have the book bought/her4. Nothing but one desk and six chairs _ in the room.A. are B. is stayed C. is D. are left第四十七张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月5. Between the two roads _ a TV tower called Skyscraper Tower.A. stands B.

27、 standing C. which stands D. stand6. - Shall I wait here for three hours? -Yes. Three hours _ to wait for such a doctor.A. are not very long for you B. is not long enough for youC. was not long enough for you D. will be too long for you第四十八张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月7. Every student and every teacher _.A.

28、 are going to attend the meeting B. have attended the meetingC. has attended the meeting D. is attended the meeting8. This pair of shoes _.A. is her B. is hersC. are hers D. are her第四十九张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月9.What we need _good textbooks. A. is B. are C. have D. has第五十张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月10._ has be

29、en done. A. ninetynine percents of the work B. Half of what he promised C. Two-fifths of the articles D. Three quarter of the business 第五十一张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月Supplementary Exercises第五十二张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月 Multiple choice:1. On the wall_ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging2

30、. “News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said. A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. have kept3. There _ a lot of milk in the bottle. A. are B. is C. were D. has4. Zhangs family _ rather big, with twelve people in all. A. is B. are C. being D. was5. Nobody but Jane _ the

31、secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known第五十三张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月6. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were7. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 8. Not only I but also Jane and Mary

32、 _ tired of having one exam after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 9. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 10. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decide

33、d C. has not decided D. have not decided 第五十四张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月高考链接1. As a result of destroying the forests, a large _ of desert _ covered the land.(上海2001） A. number; has B. quantity; has C. number; have D. quantity; haveB第五十五张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月精析：a large number of 后面要接复数名词，所以A不能作为答案。因为desert是

34、单数，所以要填 has。这句话的意思是“毁坏森林的结果是，大片沙漠覆盖了陆地”答案 B第五十六张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月2. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.(上海2000) A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, areC第五十七张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月精析: 分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词表示.如果分子大于1, 分母序数词后加-s. 分数和百分比作主语时,谓语动词的形式

35、取决于分数和百分数后面的名词.句子中的主语 land是单数,所以谓语动词要用is covered. 答案C.第五十八张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月3 Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _ to go to university. So do I.（全国1998） A. hopes B. hope C. hoping D. do hopeA第五十九张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月精析：这句话的主语是 Each of the students，是单数，所以要 hopes 选作谓语。现在分词短语w

36、orking hard at his or her lessons 作状语，表示伴随的情况。有的考生盲目地把 lessons 当成了主语，填写了hope，发生了错误。本题的译文：每一个努力学习的学生都想上大学。我也是。答案 A。第六十张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月4. _ people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.（上海2001） A. Several million B. Many millions C. Several millions D. Many millionA第六十一张，PPT共八十

37、七页，创作于2022年6月精析: 在million前如果有具体的数字或 several等词时，要用单数形式。 many一般不与 million等词连用. 表示“数百万”，英语为 millions of。这句话的意思是“每天，世界上有几十万人通过 e-mail传递信息。”答案 A。第六十二张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月5.The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. (NMET96) A. were; was B. was; was C. was;

38、were D. were; wereC第六十三张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月6. The number of students in this school _ by 5% every year.(MET92) A. rise B. raise C. rises D. raises the number of+复数可数名词作主语，表示的数目(数量)，谓语动词用单数；a number of+复数可数名词作主语，表示许多，谓语动词用复数。C第六十四张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月7. A good deal of money _ spent on books.(MET84)

39、A. have B. has C. have been D. has beenD第六十五张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月9. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. (MET90)A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offeredA第六十六张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月10. E-mail, as well as telephone, _ an important part in daily communication.

40、(上海99) A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. playA第六十七张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月11. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. (MET86)A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known12. All but one _ here just now. (MET87)A. is B. was C. has been D. wereDB第六十八张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月13. Either you or the headmaster _

41、 the prize to these gifted students at the meeting.(上海94) A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand outD第六十九张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月14. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.(MET87) A. is B. are C. am D. beB第七十张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月

42、15. She is one of the few girls who _ in the kindergarten.(上海94) A. is well paid B. are well paid C. is paying well D. are paying wellB第七十一张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月16. He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.(上海2002春) A. is B. are C. have been D. has beenD第七十二张，P

43、PT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月17. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.(上海2000) A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; areC分数或百分数+of+名词作主语时,谓语动词的数与名词的数一致。第七十三张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月18.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.(MET91) A. is not decided B. a

44、re not decided C. has not decided D. have not decidedA动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。第七十四张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月倒装句及there be句型中，谓语动词往往与最邻近的一个主语保持一致。19.There _ no life on the moon. (MET92) A. is said to have B. are said to have C. is said to be D. are said to beC第七十五张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月20. Each of the stude

45、nts, working hard at his or her lessons，_ to go to university.(上海98) A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hopedBeither/neither/each+of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。第七十六张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月21. A group of _ are eating _ and _ at the foot of the hill. (NMET95) A. sheep; grass; leaves B. sheeps; grasses; leaves C. sheep;

46、grass; leaf D. sheeps; grass; leafsA第七十七张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月22.Every possible means _ to prevent air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. (上海2000春) A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been usedC第七十八张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月单复数同形的名词作主语时，依照意义一致的原则，表示单数意义时，谓语用单数；反之，谓语用复数形式。这类名词有：sheep, d

47、eer, means(方法、手段),works(工厂),species(种类)第七十九张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月过关落实1.A survey of the opinions of experts _ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health. A.show；are B.shows；is C.show；is D.shows；are 解析：“a survey”作主语，谓语动词用单数；表时间，距离， 金钱的可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词也用单数。 答案：B2.We live day by day

48、，but in the great things，the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant. A.is B.are C.has been D.have been 解析：主语是“the time”，故谓语动词用单数。 答案：A 第八十张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月3.The company had about 20 notebook computers but only onethird _ used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long. A.

49、is B.are C.was D.were 解析：此处onethird 指one third of 20 notebook computers，故为复数；与now相对，用过去时。 答案：D4.Most of what has been said about the Smiths _ also true of the Johnsons. A.are B.is C.being D.to be 解析：主语为“大部分对Smith 夫妇的说法”，看成单数，谓语 动词用is。 答案：B 第八十一张，PPT共八十七页，创作于2022年6月5.A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. A.is B.are C.was D.were 解析：a poet and artist指一个人，既是诗人，也是艺术家。 答案：A6.The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going 解析：主语仍为the father，单数形式；a