高二英语必修五知识点提纲整理解析2022

1、第 PAGE27 页 共 NUMPAGES27 页高二英语必修五知识点提纲整理解析2022高二英语必修五知识点整理1一、过去分词过去分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。过去分词和宾语或状语一起构成过去分词短语。它在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。这节课讲解作定语、表语的用法。1. 作定语作定语的过去分词假设是单词，一般放在被修饰词的前面;过去分词短语作定语，一般放在被修饰词的后面。例如：There are many fallen leaves on the ground.This is a book written by a worker.2. 作表语过去分词作表

2、语,多表示主语所处的状态。I was pleased at the news.The door remained locked.过去分词作表语，相当于形容词，常见的有：delighted, disappointed, astonished, interested, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried, excited, married 等。过去分词作表语时，应注意与被动构造的区别。系表构造说明主语的状态或具有的性质、特点;被动构造强调谓语动作。The small village is surrounded by trees.(状态)The small vi

3、llage was soon surrounded by enemy soldiers.(动作)Im interested in chess.(状态)3. 过去分词做状语表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词 when 或 while 来强调时间概念。Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。Exhaus

4、ted, the children fell asleep at once.Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用 if 等词Heated, water changes into steam.Given another chance, he will do better.表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。Laughed at by many people, he continu

5、ed his study.表伴随，说明动作发生的背景或情况。Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the classroom.The trainer appeared, followed by five little dogs.倒装句：一、here, there, now, then, thus 等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用 be, e, go, lie, run。There goes the bell. 铃声响了。Then came the chairman. 大大来了。Here is your lette

6、r. 你的信。二、否认词置于句首，句子应进展倒装。 neither 放句首Tod cant swim, neither can I. 托德不会游泳，我也不会。用于 never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, often, at no time, not only, not once, many a time 等词开头的句子。Never shall I go there again. 我再也不去那了。Little did he know who the woman was.他根本上不知道那女人是谁。Seldom was he late for

7、 class.他很少上学迟到。用于 no sooner . than ., hardly. when. 和 not until. 的句型中Hardly had I reached the station when the train left. 我刚到车站,火车就分开了。No sooner had she gone out than the phone rang. 她刚分开, 就响了。Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework. 直到教师来，他才完成作业。三、用于 only 放句首，修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子。Only i

8、n this way can you master English well. 只有这种方法，你才能学好英语。Only that time did he do his homework. 直到哪个时间，他才做作业。Only when he told me did I realize what trouble I was in.省略句：一、省略的目的省略多见于非正式文体，尤其在对话中，省略是一种普遍的现象。英语中的省略一般说来有三个目的：1.防止重复，减少负担。省略的主要目的是防止重复，去掉不必要的负担和繁琐。Mike said that he would e to school to see

9、me the next day, but he didnt e to school to see me the next day.Mike said that he would e to school to see me the next day, but he didnt.(省掉最后九个词，句子简洁了许多)2.连接严密，构造紧凑 省略也是使上下文严密连接的一种修辞手段。John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in 1998.(Bob 后省略了 was the winner，句子构造显得比较紧凑)3.强调重点，突出信息 省略的另一作用是突出新的信息Truth s

10、peaks too low, hypocrisy too loud.后一分句省略谓语 speaks，突出了 too loud)二、句子成分的省略为了防止重复，或者为了使某一内容引人注目，可以省略某些句子成分而保持句子原意不变。1.省略主语Beg your pardon.请你原谅。(= I beg your pardon.)Serves you right. 你活该(= It serves you right.)2.省略谓语Anything the matter? 要紧吗?(= Is anything the matter?)The river was deep and the ice thin

11、. 河很深，冰很薄。(= The river was deep and the ice was thin.)3.省略表语Are you ready? Yes,I am.(am 后面省略了表语 ready)4.省略宾语We have to analyze and solve problems. (analyze 后省略了宾语 problems)Lets do the dishes. Ill wash and youll dry.(wash 和 dry 后面省略了宾语 dishes)5.省略定语He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved.(t

12、he rest 后面省略了定语 of the money)6.省略状语(Even)The wisest man cannot know everything.省略在句子中的应用在一个句子中，省略可分为依赖上下文省略和不依赖上下文省略两种。前者省略的部分可在句子中找到，但后者可能找不到。1.简单句中的省略依赖上下文的省略在对话中最为常用。Like more beer?(= Would you like more beer?)World you mind if I used your telephone?Not at all. 一点也不。(= I do not mind at all.)Will

13、he pass this examination?Probably. 大概会的。(= He will probably pass the examination.)不依赖于上下文的省略。All aboard! 请上船(= All go aboard.省略谓语)Havent seen you for ages!(省略主语 I)What about having a game of chess?Sounds like a good idea.2.并列句中的省略(=It sounds like a good idea. 省略主语)Everybody appears well prepared.(=

14、Everybady appears to be well prepared. 省略不定式 to be)并列句中假设前后分句有一样的部分，常常可以省略掉，以防止重复。通常被省略的可以是主语、谓语、宾语或其他万分，或句子万分的一部分。省略出如今后一分句John likes collecting sts but (John) hates listening to music.(省略主语)省略出如今前一分句We can (win tomorrows match), and certainly will,win tomorrows match.我们可以，而且一定会在明天的比赛中获胜。(前一分句省略谓语

15、+ 宾语)前后两个分句都出现省略They can (pay the full fee ) and (they)should pay the full fee.复合句中的省略在主从复合句中，活力的现象是很普遍的。省略主句的句首部分。(Im)Sorry I couldnt go.省略整个主句或主句的一部分(答复以下问题时常用)。(It is a)Pity hes failed.If he says hell e, he will(e).3.在一些状语从句中，假设谓语动词是 be，主语又和主句的主语一致，或者主语是 it，常常可以把从句中的主语和 be 省略掉。以 when, while, once

16、, until 等连词引导的时间状语从句。When (you are) in Rome do as Rome does.入国问禁，入乡随俗。4.在比较从句中通常把和主句重复的部分省掉。省略谓语的全部James enjoys the theeartre more than Susun.Tom has as many books as Jack.省略主语和谓语的一部分Brown speaks French as fluently as English. (as 后省略了 he speaks)省略表语部分Mrs White is not so young as she looks.(looks 后省

17、略了 young)省略主语和谓语的大部分，保存状语He is working harder than before.(than 后省略了 he worked hard)省略主语He drank a little more than was good for him.(than 后省略了 it)省略宾语You spent more money than I had expected.(expected 后省略了that you should spend)省略从句的全部You are getting slimmer. simmer 后省略了than you were before)主句和从句中可同

18、时省略一些成分。The sooner (this is done), the better(it will be).高二英语必修五知识点整理21. consist of = be made up of 由组成 (没有进展时)e.g. The UK consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.=Great Britain and Northern Ireland make up the UK.2. 区别: separate . from (把结合在一起或靠近的人或物别离出来) o 把分开 (把整体分为假设干部分)e.g. The teacher

19、divided the class into two groups.The Taiwan Strait separates Taiwan from Fujian.3. debate about sth.e.g. They debate about the proposal for three days.debate /argue/ quarrel4. clarify: vt./vi. (cause sth. to )bee clear or easier to understand 澄清;说明;清楚;明了e.g. I hope what I say will clarify the situa

20、tion.Can you clarify the question?5. be linked to = be connected to /be joined to 连接6. refer to1)提及，指的是e.g. When he said “some students”, do you think he was referring to us?2) 参考;查阅;询问e.g. If you dont understand a word you may refer to your dictionaries.Please refer to the last page of the book for

21、 answers.3) 关系到;关乎e.g. What I have to say refers to all of you.This rule refers to everyone.reference: n. 参考 e.g. reference books 参考书7. to ones surprise (prep)“to ones + 名词” 表 “令某人”常见的名词有 “delight, disappointment, enjoyment, astonishment 等e.g. I discovered, to my horror, that the goods were entirely

22、 unfit for sale.To Johns great relief they reached the house at last.8. . found themselves united peacefully“find +宾语+宾补( adj; adv; v-ing; pp; 介词短语;不定式)”e.g. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.Youll find him easy to get along with.They found themselves trapped by

23、the bush fire.When I woke up, I found myself in hospital.I called on him yesterday, but I found him out.9. get sth done =have sth done 使某事被做.e.g. Ill just get these dishes washed and then Ill e.get + n. + to doget + n. + doingYoull get her to agree.Ill get the car going.get done: 用于意想不到、突然或偶然发生，意为“被

24、.”e.g. Be careful when you cross this very busy street.10. break away (from sb / sth) 脱离;破除e.g. It is not easy for him to break away from bad habits.The man broke away from his guards.break down (会谈)破裂，失败;(汽车等)出故障;(人的安康状况)变得恶劣;(情感)失控e.g. His car broke down on the way to work this morning.His health

25、broke down under the pressure of work.He broke down and wept when he heard the news.Talks between the two countries have pletely broken down. break in 闯入;打岔 break off 中断，折断 break into 闯入 break out 爆发;发生 break up 驱散;分散，拆散11. as well as 不仅而且;既又e.g. He is a teacher as well as a writer.The children as w

26、ell as their father were seen playing football in the street.12. convenience: n.方便;便利(convenient: adj. )e.g. We bought this house for its convenience.13. attraction: (attract: v.)1). 吸引;引力(不可数 n.) e.g. attraction of gravitation 重力2). 吸引人的东西;喜闻乐见的东西;精彩节目(可数 n.)He cant resist the attraction of the sea

27、 on a hot day.A big city offers many and varied attractions.What are the principle attractions this evening?14. influence1) v. 对产生影响 e.g. What influence you to choose a career in teaching?2)可数n. 产生影响的人或事 e.g. He is one of the good influences in the school.3) (不可数n.) 影响 e.g. A teacher has great influ

28、ence over his pupils.高二英语必修五知识点整理31. the ancient Olympic Games 古代奥运会2. pete in pete with other countries for world market 与其它国家竞争国际市场pete in a race 参加赛跑pete with against sb. for sth. 与某人竞争而获得某物Our Greek cities used to pete against each other just for the honour of winning.我们希腊各个城市之间曾经为了荣誉而彼此之间互相竞争。3

29、. take part in 参加We all had to take part in the training run, with nobody excepted.我们大家都得参加跑步训练, 无人例外.4. What do the five rings on the Olympic flag stand for? 奥运旗帜上的五环代表什么?stand for 代表;表示;主张;支持;拥护;容忍;允许What does “ESL” stand for? “ESL”代表什么?I wont stand for his insults any longer. 我再不能容忍他的污辱了。5. the o

30、fficial mascots for the Beijing Olympics 北京奥运会桔祥物Fuwa，the Official Mascots of Beijing 2022 Olympic Games, carry a message of friendship ,peace and good wishes from China to children all over the world.福娃是北京2022年第29届奥运会桔祥物，它们向世界的孩子们传达友谊、和平和良好的祝福。6. e on a magical journey 做梦幻之游e on (表劝说，鼓励等)来吧，走吧;开始Hi

31、s French has e on a lot since he joined the conversation class.他自从参加了会话班，法语获得了很大进步。7. (a) volunteer for (志愿者)志愿做Dont volunteer for more than you can handle. 别做力不能及的事情。I want to be a volunteer for 2022 Beijing Olympics.我想成为2022年北京奥运会的志愿者。8. I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and used to write

32、about the Olympics a long time ago 我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”，我曾经写过很久以前奥林匹克运动会的情况。We used to keep in touch with each other by writing letters.我们过去常写信联络对方。I am used to reading stories to my daughter every night and she enjoys it.我习惯了每天给女儿讲故事，她也非常喜欢这样做。Wood can be used to make furniture. 木头能用来做家具。There used to be

33、 a temple at the place where our school stands now.在我们学校所在之处过去有一座庙。9. and both are held every four years on a regular basis. 两个都是定期每四年举行一次。on a regular basis 定期地He es to visit us on a regular basis.他定期来看望我们。10. Only atheletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as p

34、etitors. 只有到达他们各自工程统一标准的运发动才会被承受参见奥运会。I am sure that he will be admitted to Beijing University this summer. 我肯定他今年夏天将被北京大学录取。This ticket admits two people to the football match. 这张票可供两人入场看足球赛。The cinema admits about 2000 people.这座电影院大约可坐 2000 人。The rules and regulations admit of no other explanation

35、.这些规章制度不容许有其他解释。His illness admits of no delay.他的病不容拖延。He never admits that he is wrong. 他从不成认自己错了。John has admitted breaking the window. 约翰已成认打碎了窗子。11. It is in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races, together with swimming, sailing, and all the team sports.跑步、游泳、划船和所有团队工程是在夏季奥运会上进展的。1

36、2. No other counries could join in, nor could slaves or women. 别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加。13. Women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in gymnastics妇女不仅允许参加，而且她们还在体操比赛工程中起着非常重要的作用。14. as well 也;又;同样as well as (除.之外)也,既.又conj. 以及,又I write my own songs and I play the guitar as well.我唱自己谱曲的歌

37、，也弹吉他。A teacher should entertain as well as teach.教师不仅要教书，也要激起学生的兴趣。15 There is as much petition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.国与国之间争取奥运会承办权的竞争就跟争夺奥运奖牌一样地剧烈。16. So even the olive wreath has been replaced. 就连橄榄枝花环也被取代了。David will replace Mike in next weeks tennis petit

38、ion. 大卫将代替迈克参加下周的网球赛。The broken parts of the machine must be replaced, otherwise we cant continue our work. 这些损害的机器部件必须得换，否那么我们无法继续工作。I have owned my car for almost ten years. This year Ill replace it with a new one. 我的汽车用了差不多十年了，今年我要换一辆新车。Would you replace the magazine after reading it? 读完杂志后把它放回原处

39、好么?17. Put forward your ideas and give reasons for your choice. 提出你的观点并给出你选择的原因。put forward 呈上;提出;提早;拨快(钟表)Two advices of design are put forward.提出了两点设计建议。The reason for this is that this plane is also a bicycle. 其原因是,这架飞机又是一辆自行车。reason with sb. for against sth.因赞成反对.同某人讲道理辩论reason sb. out of his pr

40、ejudice说服某人消除成见reason sb. into accepting a proposal说服某人承受建议18. be in/under sbs charge管理in charge of 负责These books were left in your charge. 这些书由你管理。The chief engineer was in charge of directing the building of the subway. 主任工程师负责指挥地铁的建造工程。I was in charge of my sister. 我在照看我妹妹。This ward is in underth

41、e charge of Dr Green. 这间病房是由格林大夫负责的。How much did he charge you for repairing the bicycle? 他修理自行车收了你多少钱?Do you charge for the use of the office telephone at off-duty time? 下班时间打办公 你们收不收费?The boy charged into the room. 男孩冲进屋里。Suddenly the wild animal charged at us. 突然那头野兽朝我们冲过来。Those young men were ch

42、arged by the police with causing a disturbance in the neighbourhood.警察指控那些青年人在这一带犯了扰乱治安罪。She charged me to look after her daughter. 她要我负责看管她的女儿。19. physical exercise 体育锻炼Physical fitness is having a strong healthy body. 身体安康就是有一个强壮安康的身体。physical change 物理变化physical education 体育20. rise to ones feet

43、站起来，立起。21. She was in front in her race when another petitor pushed her on purpose so that she fell down. 她在比赛中跑在前面，突然另外一个运发动成心推了她一下，结果她摔倒了。22. take responsibility for对负有责任，负起对的责任23. If you are discovered, you will be fined. 假设被发现，你将被罚款。He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation. 他因违犯交通规那么被罚款200美元。24. win glory for sb. 为某人赢得荣誉We must try to win glory for our school!我们必须设法为母校争光。25. make a bargain with sb. 与某人成交26. promise t