2021届高考英语二轮复习专项解密09名词性从句含解析

1、2021届高考英语二轮复习专项解密09名词性从句含解析2021届高考英语二轮复习专项解密09名词性从句含解析2021届高考英语二轮复习专项解密09名词性从句含解析解密09名词性从句序号题型真题Part 1解密高考考点综述 备考建议Part 2对点解密考点精准说1。. 真题对点析1。.。 对点模拟练1.。Part 3强化集训真题模测、典题模测Part 1解密高考【考点综述】名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化。 其主要考察:1。了解名词性从句的基本用法，掌握名词性从句的引导词及引导词在名词性从句中的作用，辨析that与what，if 与whe

2、ther等引导词的用法。2.明确it作形式主语和形式宾语、代替主语从句及宾语从句的用法,及其与强调句的区别。3。区分that引导的同位语从句及定语从句。【备考建议】高考对名词性从句的考查仍然不会单纯地考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点，复习主要应该从以下六个方面着手：名词性从句的语序问题 2。引导词that与what的区别（that在从句中不充当成分,what在从句中作主语、宾语或表语）3。 it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法 4。 whether与if的区别5.名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与n

3、o matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别Part 2对点解密【考点精准说】1-主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中担任主语的句子。其特点有：（1）引导词： 从属连词 that， whether； 连接代词 who, what, which； whoever, whatever， whichever； 连接副词 when， where, how和why.（2）语序：陈述句语序（3）在主语从句中只能用whether，不能用if That he will win the match is certain.It is certain that he will win the match.注意: 一般来说

4、主语从句都是放在句首，但有时为了使句子保持平衡，避免”头重脚轻”，常用it 作形式主语，从 而把主语从句放后面。常以it作形式主语的句型有： It is形容词that。.。It is certain that she will do well in her exam 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好. It is名词词组（no wonder，an honour，a good thing，a pity，no surprise,common knowledge，a surprise， a fact，etc)that.。.Its a pity that we cant go很遗憾我们不能去。It is过去分

5、词(said,reported，thought，expected，decided,announced,arranged，etc）that。.It has been suggested that much should be done to prevent the river from being polluted 有人建议应做更多的工作阻止河流遭受污染。It appears/seems that.。It happens that.。|It occurred to me that。.It turned out that。.It turned out that nobody remembered

6、the address 结果发现没人记得这地址。It doesnt matter that.。|It makes no difference that。.It doesnt matter whether she will come or not 她是否来这无关紧要.2。 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。 Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很要紧吗？3。 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。How strange it is that

7、 the children are so quiet！孩子们这么安静真奇怪！【真题对点析】11。(2018天津卷单项填空)The gold medal will be awarded _to wins the first place in the bicycle race。A。 whomever B。 whereverC. whoever D。 whatever【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查名词性从句连接词.句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知,宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”.故选C。2.（2017北京卷单项填空)Every year，

8、_ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.A. whatever B。 whoever C. whomever D. whichever【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查主语从句.分析句子结构可知，_ makes the most beautiful kite作主语,且所填词指人，既作从句的主语又作主句的主语,所以选 whoever（whomever不能作主语）。句意:每年, 在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人都会赢得奖品.3。（2016江苏卷单项填空）It is often the case _ anyt

9、hing is possible for those who hang on to hope。A。 whyB。 whatC。 asD. that【参考答案】D【答案解析】考查主语从句.本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是连接词that引导的主语从句，连接词that在本句中不充当任何成分，只是一个引导词而已,不能省略。连接副词why要在句中作状语，连接代词what通常在句中作主语、宾语或表语等;as通常不引导名词性从句。句意：对于那些心存希望的人一切皆可能是事实。故D正确。【对点模拟练】11。 Vautrin guarded the college with the motto： ” _ want

10、s to go through this gate will have to do so over my dead body. A。WhoB.WhomC。WhoeverD.Whomever【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：魏特琳以”任何想要通过这扇大门的人都必须从我的尸体上跨过”的座右铭在守卫这个大学.分析句意及句子结构可知，空处在句中引导主语从句_ wants to go through this gate，且空处在句中作主语，表示”无论谁，故应用whoever来引导该主语从句。2。 All the students came to realize that it made a dif

11、ference in their daily life _ they took an active part in after-class activities. A。howB.thatC。whereD.whether【答案】B【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:所有的学生都开始认识到：积极参加课外活动对他们的日常生活有很大的影响。分析句子结构及句意可知，realize 后是一个由that引导的宾语从句，而在该宾语从句中,it作形式主语，真正的主语是空处所引导的从句，且该主语从句不缺成分，故应用that来引导该主语从句。【考点精准说】2-表语从句表语从句放在连系动词之后,充当复合句中的表语。 一、引

12、导表语从句的关联词的种类： 1。 可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look,seem，sound，appear等. China is no longer what she used to be. 今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。 The question remains whether they will be able to help us。 问题还是他们能否帮我们。 At that time，it seemed as if I couldnt think of the right word. 当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。 2。 从属连词whether，as，as if / tho

13、ugh引导的表语从句。 He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样. It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。 3. because，why引导的表语从句。 Thats because he didnt understand me。 那是因为他没有理解我。（Thats because。强调原因） Thats why he got angry with me. 那正是他对我生气的原因。（Thats why.强调结果） 4。 连接代词who

14、,whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 连接副词 where，when，how，why The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it。 问题是他是如何做此事的. That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。5。 从属连词that The trouble is that I have lost his a

15、ddress. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。学习表语从句应该注意以下几点。(1)通常只用that引导表语从句的情况.句子的主语为the reason时，表语从句采用that引导，表示原因，此时不用because。The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat 她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。句子的主语为the result时，表语从句采用that引导。The result is that many of them become fat 结果是他们中许多人发胖了。由why引导的从句作主语时。Why we decided to put

16、 off the match is that the weather was too terrible 我们决定推迟比赛的原因是天气太糟糕了。（2)as if/though引导的表语从句通常置于系动词look,seem，sound，be等后面；表语从句既可以采用虚拟语 气,也可采用直陈语气。It sounded as if somebody was knocking at/on the door听起来好像有人在敲门。She treats him as if he were a stranger她待他如陌生人.【真题对点析】21.(2018北京卷单项填空) Without his support

17、, we wouldnt be _ we are now。A. how B。 when C. where D。 why【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查名词性从句.句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式，when表时间，where表地点，why表原因。“_ we are now”是表语从句,结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置,故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。2。（2016北京卷单项填空） The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.A。 w

18、hatB. thatC. whetherD. why【参考答案】 B【试题解析】 考查表语从句。句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到灰尘的困扰.is后跟从句作表语，即表语从句，表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语，因此用that，that只起引导作用，故选B。【对点模拟练】21。 I never suspected for a minute that you should doubt my original intentions， and is this _ you reward me for my help? A.howB。whyC.whatD。whether【答案】A【解析】考查名词性

19、从句.句意：我片刻都没怀疑过你竟然会质疑我的初衷,这就是你报答我的帮助的方式吗?分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导表语从句，且在从句中作方式状语,故应用how如何，怎样来引导该表语从句。2。 When it comes to home”， most people would feel a sense of warmth because its _ we can get unconditional tolerance， acceptance and love. A。howB。thatC.whatD。where【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：当谈到”家的时候，大多数人都会感受到一丝暖意,因为

20、家是我们可以得到无条件的包容、认可和爱的地方。根据句子结构和句意可知，空处在句中引导表语从句,且在从句中作地点状语，表示”的地方”，故只能用where来引导该表语从句.3。 He did not see the film last night. That is _ he had to help his little sister with her homework. A。whyB.howC。thatD.because【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句.句意：昨天晚上他没有去看电影，那是因为他得帮助他的小妹妹做作业.分析句子结构及句意可知，空处在句中引导表语从句，且前后两个句子中，第一个句子表示的

21、是”事情的结果，第二个句子表示的是事情的起因,故应用because因为，由于来引导该表语从句。【考点精准说】3-宾语从句引导宾语从句的连接词主要有：连接词:that，whether,if等连接代词：what,who，whose，whatever,whichever，whoever等连接副词:when，where，why，how等1。 连接词that，whether，if引导I dont know if/whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。2。 连接代词what，who，whose，whatever

22、，whichever，whoever等引导She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class。 她问我班上谁的书法最好.3。 连接副词when，where，why，how等引导Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began? 你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗?4。 宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。He asked me when we could set out the next day. 他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。5。 宾语从句的时态(1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现

23、在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。She says (that） she works from Monday to Friday。 她说她周一至周五上班。（从句是一般现在时)she says （that） she will leave a message on his desk. 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条.(从句是一般将来时）She says (that） she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。（从句是现在完成时)(2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态.He said there wer

24、e no classes yesterday afternoon. 他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时）注意：学习宾语从句应该注意以下几点。 （1）引导宾语从句的连词that一般可以省略,但是在及物动词之后跟有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有 第一个that可以省略。Glancing at her scornfully，he told her（that） the dress was sold 他轻蔑地看了她一眼，告诉她说那件衣服卖了。The teacher said （that） the text was very important and that we should learn it

25、 by heart 老师说课文非常重要，我们应该背下来.(2）表示心理活动的形容词:afraid，anxious,aware，ashamed，annoyed，certain，confident，content， convinced，determined,disappointed,glad，happy，proud，pleased，sure，surprised，satisfied，thankful， worried等可以后接宾语从句。He was afraid that he would lose他担心会输。I am sure that I put the money in the box我肯定把

26、钱放在盒子里了.(3)若主句谓语动词为think,consider，suppose，believe，expect，fancy，guess，imagine等，其后的宾语从 句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式，这种现象称为否定转移 现象（此时主语往往为第一人称，偶尔为第三人称;否定词never，seldom，hardly，little无此用法).I dont think his decision is wise in reality实际上,我觉得他的决定并不明智.I dont believe that he is a dishonest man我认为他是个诚实的人。

27、(4）在think，believe,imagine，suppose，guess，hope等动词以及Im afraid之后，可以采用so代替一个肯 定的宾语从句，也可以采用not代替否定的宾语从句。Do you believe the news stories？你相信这个新闻故事吗？ I believe so我相信。Has Anne got into university?安妮上大学了吗？ I am afraid not恐怕是没有。【真题对点析】31。（2018全国新课标卷II短文改错）The games my parents taught me where I was a child turn

28、ed out to be very useful later in my life.【参考答案】where改为when【答案解析】考查宾语从句的连接词.句意：当我是个孩子的时候我父母教给我的纸牌游戏在我日后的生活中证明非常有用.宾语从句连接词并不是表示地点状语，而是时间状语。故把where改为when。2。（2018全国新课标卷III语法填空）Im not sure _61_ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere. Im walking on a path in

29、 the forest in the Central African Republic.【参考答案】which/who【答案解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定哪一个更害怕,我，还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句,空格处表示选择，所以用which或者who3. (2017天津卷单项填空) She asked me _ I had returned the books to the library， and I admitted that I hadnt.A. when B。 where C。 whether D. what【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查宾语从句.根据“I admitted

30、that I hadnt.”可知书还没还给图书馆，因此此处问的是是否(whether）已经还了。故选C项.句意:她问我是否已将那些书还给了图书馆，我承认没还。4。（2016全国新课标卷I短文改错)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live。【参考答案】that where 【答案解析】考查宾语从句的引导词。介词后面的宾语从句缺少状语,根据句意判断此处表示地点。故把that改为where。【答案】A【对点模拟练】31. Mother suggests I should collect the old clothes and

31、 give them to _ needs them. A.whoeverB.whatever C。whicheverD。wherever【答案】A【解析】考查宾语从句.句意：妈妈建议我收集旧衣服把它们给予需要的人。“_ needs them”是宾语从句，从句缺乏主语；A。 whoever“无论谁”引导宾语从句，从句中作主语或者宾语；B. whatever“无论什么”引导宾语从句，从句中作主语、宾语或者表语；C。 whichever“无论哪一个”；D. wherever“无论哪里”。根据语境，故选A。2。 She asked me _ I had returned the books to t

32、he library, and I admitted that I hadnt. A.whenB.whereC.whetherD。what【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：她问我我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还.分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用,又根据句意可知此处表示”是否，故用whether或if引导这个宾语从句。3. After I went up to receive the award， I overheard someone whispering _ the girl was so excellent that she deser

33、ved it. A。whatB。howC.whomD。that【答案】D【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：当我上台领奖的时候,碰巧听到有人小声说，这个女孩如此优秀，所以这是她应得的。分析句子结构可知，whispering后接宾语从句,从句句意和成分完整，故用that引导。4。 Mary, are you used to the life here？ Yes. But at the beginning， I didnt imagine _ tough it was to start a new life in a strange country. A。thatB.whatC.howD。where【答案

34、】C【解析】考查宾语从句.句意：-玛丽，你习惯这儿的生活吗？是的。但是一开始我并没有想象到在一个陌生的国家开始新的生活是何等艰难。分析句子结构可知,此处为省略了连接词的宾语从句，且该宾语从句本身是个感叹句,空处修饰形容词tough,故应用how。5. Once away from his parents， the young man was at a loss as to _ the future has in store for him. A.whoB。thatC。whatD。where【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：一旦离开他的父母,这个年轻人就会对未来等待他的是什么感到迷惘.分析

35、句子结构可知，空处在句中引导宾语从句,且从句中has后缺少宾语，故应用what”什么”。in store for sb。 ”将要发生在某人身上”为固定搭配。【考点精准说】4-同位语的从句在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它一般放在fact， news, idea， truth, hope, problem， information， belief， thought， doubt, promise， question等抽象名词的后面，对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明前面名词的具体含义。1。 同位语从句的引导词选择原则that只起连词作用，无任何含义,一般不省

36、略whether是否when什么时候where什么地点how什么方式The hope that he may recover is not gone yet.他不是没有恢复的希望。The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved。 我们是否继续做这个实验的问题已经被解决。2。 同位语从句的几种特殊情况（1)当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow。 故事是

37、这样的：威廉姆特尔用一支利箭杀死了国王。（2)表示“命令、建议、要求”的名词order, demand， suggestion等后接同位语从句时，从句的谓语要用虚拟语气，即“should动词原形”，should可省略。The suggestion that everyone （should） make efforts to beautify our campus is necessary. 每个人都应尽力来美化校园的建议是有必要的。3. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句定语从句功能不同对名词加以补充说明与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系,起连接作用that不作成分；起连接作用,不可省略作主语或宾

38、语,起连接作用；并且作从句的宾语时可省略whether/how不作成分；起连接作用“是否;“如何不引导定语从句wh。words作成分；起连接作用；有自己的含义,但与先行词之间无关作成分；起连接作用；没有自己的含义,但是代替先行词在从句中作成分The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true。 李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。（同位语从句,that不可省略)The news （that) he told me yesterday is true。 他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。（定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，可省略

39、）【真题对点析】4 1。（2019新课标I卷）While they are rare north of 88，there is evidence _ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada。【答案】that【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。2。（2019江苏省高考真题)Scientists have obtained more evidence _

40、plastic is finding its way into the human body.AwhatBthatCwhichDwhere【答案】B【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，意思完整,且与evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。故选B。【对点模拟练】41。 The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief you are better than anyone else on the sports field。how B

41、。 thatC. whichD。 whether【参考答案】B【答案解析】 句意：最高水平成功的唯一途径是得有一个总的信念，那就是在运动场上你比任何人都强。分析句子结构可知_ you are better than anyone else on the sports field是同位语从句，对belief进行解释说明,从句不缺句子成分，故用连接词that引导，答案为B.2. News came from the school office _ Wang Lin had been admitted to Peking University。A. which B。 that C。 what D。

42、where【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查同位语从句。本题属于分割式同位语从句，谓语came较短，同位语从句较长，名词和同位语从句被from the school office 分开,that 引导同位语从句Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University解释news的内容,在句中起引导作用，没有具体的意思。故选B.3. We all become delighted at the news _ more than 10,000 new books will be introduced in our school library next mont

43、h。 A。whatB。thatC.whichD.whether【答案】B【解析】考查同位语从句.句意:我们所有人对我们学校的图书馆下个月将引进一万多册新书的消息感到高兴。分析句子结构及句意可知，空处在句中引导同位语从句,解释说明the news的内容，且从句中成分完整,故需用that来引导该同位语从句。4. The current personnel allocation is based on the assumption _ the economy in our country will still develop at a normal rate next year。 A。howB。th

44、atC。whatD.whether【答案】B【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：当前的人员配置以明年我国的经济依旧按正常速度发展的假设为基础。根据句意及分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导同位语从句,解释说明assumption假定，假设的具体内容,且从句句意完整，故应用that来引导该同位语从句.Part 3强化集训【真题模测】一单句语法填空1。【2019北京卷】What students do at college seems to matter much more than _ they go.2.（2019新课标I卷语法填空）While they are rare north of 88，the

45、re is evidence _61_ they range all the way across the Arctic， and as far south as James Bay in Canada。3。（2018全国新课标卷III语法填空)Im not sure _61_ is more frightened， me or the female gorilla（大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. Im walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic。4。（201

46、8全国新课标卷II短文改错）The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.答案1。where【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要.这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语.故用where.2.that【答案解析】考查同位语从句.根据句子结构分析可知,主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。3.which/who【答案解析】考查宾语从句.句意：

47、我不确定哪一个更害怕，我,还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩.此处为宾语从句,空格处表示选择，所以用which或者who”4。where改为when【答案解析】考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：当我是个孩子的时候我父母教给我的纸牌游戏在我日后的生活中证明非常有用.宾语从句连接词并不是表示地点状语，而是时间状语。故把where改为when.二单项选择1（2020天津高考真题)My grandmother helped me believe that I could accomplish _ I put my mind to。AwheneverBwhateverCwhereverDwhichever2（2020天

48、津高考真题）The student completed this experiment to make come true _ Professor Joseph had said.AthatBwhatCwhenDwhere3（2020江苏高考真题）It is not a problem _ we can win the battle； its just a matter of time.AwhetherBwhyCwhenDwhere4（2019江苏高考真题）Scientists have obtained more evidence _ plastic is finding its way i

49、nto the human body。AwhatBthatCwhichDwhere5（2018天津高考真题）He studied hard and later became a wellknown writer， which was _ his father had expected。AwhyBhowCthatDwhat6（2018江苏高考真题）（2018江苏）By boat is the only way to get here， which is _ we arrived。AwhereBwhenCwhyDhow7（2019天津高考真题)The opinion learning is a l

50、ifelong process has been expressed by education experts throughout the years。AwhichBthatCwhatDhow8（2018北京高考真题）（2018 北京）This is _ my father has taught me-to always face difficulties and hope for the best.AhowBwhichCthatDwhat9（2018北京高考真题）(2018 北京)Without his support， we wouldnt be _ we are now。AhowBwh

51、enCwhereDwhy10（2017北京高考真题）Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street， not knowing _ she was heading。AwhyBwhereChowDwhen11(2015陕西高考真题)Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for _Doris Lessing had achieved in literature。AwhatBthatCwhyDhow12（2016江苏高考真题）（2016江苏）It is often the case _anythi

52、ng is possible for those who hang on to hope。AwhyBwhatCasDthat13(2015重庆高考真题）We must find out _ Karl is coming， so we can book a room for him.AwhenBhowCwhereDwhy14（2017天津高考真题）She asked me _ I had returned the books to the library， and I admitted that I hadnt。AwhenBwhereCwhetherDwhat15(2016北京高考真题)Your

53、 support is important to our work. _ you can do helps。AHoweverBWhoeverCWhateverDWherever16（2015北京高考真题）I truly believe _beauty comes from within.AthatBwhereCwhatDwhy17（2017北京高考真题）Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.AwhateverBwhoeverCwhomeverDwhichever18（2

54、015北京高考真题）_we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel。AWhereBHowCWhyDWhen19（2016天津高考真题)The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.AwhetherBthatCwhichDwhat20（2013全国高考真题）Police have found _ appears to be the lost ancient statue。AwhichBw

55、hereChowDwhat【答案】答案1B【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:我的祖母让我相信，我可以完成任何我专心去做的事情。A. whenever无论何时；B. whatever 无论什么，任何；C. wherever无论何地；D. whichever无论哪一个。分析句子可知,此处是宾语从句连接词，从句缺少宾语,应用连接代词,再结合句意，此处用“任何”符合语境，故选B项。2B【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。_ Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句,该从句中,空处在从句中作said的宾语,表示”所说的话”，因此应

56、用what引导该从句。故选B.3A【解析】考查主语从句。句意:我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题.A. whether是否;B. why为什么；C. when什么时候;D。 where在哪里。根据下文its just a matter of time可知，此处指我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题，it是形式主语,whether引导的从句是真正的主语。故选A。4B【解析】考查同位语从句.句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，意思完整，且与evidence指代的是同一事件,用that引导同位语从句。故选B。5D【解析】考查表语从句.句意：他努力学习,后来成为一

57、个著名的作家，这是他父亲所期望的。分析句子可知,was后接表语从句,从句中缺少宾语吗，所以由what来充当宾语。故选D项。6D【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句，这里用连接副词how引导表语从句,充当方式状语，表示“如何”。故选D。点睛：本题考查表语。首先需要弄清句意及分析句子结构，然后根据前句By boat is the only way to get here提示可知，作方式状语，就不难选出正确答案.7B【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:教育专家多年来一直认为学习是一个终生的过程。分析句意及句子

58、成分可知,此处为opinion的同位语从句，从句句子成分齐全、句意完整，应使用that,无词意、不做成分、仅起连接作用。故B选项正确。【点睛】同位语从句与定语从句从形式上来看十分相似,大多都由that来引导，都跟在名词或代词之后，这也很容易导致同学们在理解或做题时出现错误，而这两者在实质上是截然不同的，句法功能都有所不同，具体有哪些不同呢?下面我们从以下四个方面来进行区别。只要大家能把以下几点记住，多从例句找不同，仔细分析一下句子的成分，很快就能做出正确的答案。1、引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成份,而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾

59、语或表语等，如：The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。（同位语从句，that在从句中不充当任何成份）The idea that he gave surprises many people他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。（定语从句，that在从句中作gave的宾语）2、引导词的不同:what, how， if, whatever等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。3、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名

60、词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况。如：The news that l have passed the math exam is true我通过了数学考试这一消息是真的。（同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容)The news that he told me just now is true他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。（定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的那个消息,而不是别的消息)4、定语从句的先行词是名词或代词;而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词，而且仅限于idea， fact， hope,news，doubt，truth，informati