2023版高考英语一轮总复习第一部分教材知识梳理Unit4SpaceExploration课件新人教版必修第三册

1、UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION核心单词阅读词汇1.astronaut n.宇航员；太空人2.procedure n.程序；步骤；手续3.rocket n.火箭；火箭弹4.gravity n.重力；引力5.vehicle n.交通工具；车辆6.satellite n.人造卫星；卫星vt.& vi.n.码头；7.orbit n.(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围沿轨道运行；环绕运行8.mankind n.人类9.transmit vt.& vi.传输；发送10.spacecraft n.航天器；宇宙飞船11.spacewalk n.太空行走；太空行走的时间12.jade n

2、.玉；翡翠；玉器13.dock vi.& vt.(两架航天器)对接；(使)进港船坞14.solar adj.太阳的；太阳能的15.soap n.肥皂16.towel n.毛巾；抹布17.microwave n.(also microwave oven)微波炉18.tissue n.纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织19.high-end adj.高端的20.foam n.泡沫橡胶；泡沫21.pillow n.枕头22.smartphone n.智能手机23.oxygen n.氧；氧气高频词汇1._ n.边境；国界；边远地区2._ vt.& n.发射；发起；上市3._ adj.巨大的；伟大的4._

3、n.跳跃；剧增；剧变n.巨人；巨兽；伟人vi.& vt.跳过；跃过5._ n.pl.资料；数据dataongoing6._ adj.持续存在的；仍在进行的；不断发展的7._ vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号n.信号；标志8._ vt.回收利用；再利用signalrecycle9._ n.肌肉；实力；影响力musclefloat10._ vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮vt.使浮动；使漂流frontierlaunchgiantleap11._ adv.否则；要不然12._ prep.在更远处；超出13._ n.设施；设备14._ adj.热衷的；渴望的15._ adj.肤浅的；浅的16._ n.模式；

4、图案；模范monitorresource17._ n.监视器；监测仪vt.监视；监测；监控18._ n.资源；财力；物力mysteryattach19._ n.神秘事物；谜20._ vt.系；绑；贴otherwisebeyondfacilitykeenshallowpattern拓展词汇1.mental adj.精神的；思想的_ adv.精神上；智力上；思想上elligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的_n.聪明；智力universaluniversally3.universe n.宇宙；天地万物_ adj.通用的；共同的_ adv.共

5、同地；一致地determine4.determined adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的_ vt. 查明；确定；决定_ n.决定；决心；果断 determination5._ n.(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处agentn.代理人；代理商；经纪人agencydisappoint6.disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的_ vt. 使失望_ adj.令人失望的；令人扫兴的_n.失望；沮丧disappointingdisappointment7.desire n.渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望_ adj.理想的；值得拥有的desirableindependent8.independen

6、tly adv.独立地；自立地_ adj.独立的；自立的_ n.独立；自立_ vi.依赖；依靠independencedepend9.lack n.缺乏；短缺 vt.没有；缺乏_ adj.不足的；缺少的lackingcurrentsufficiently10._ adj. 当前的；现在的n. 水流；电流；思潮currency n.通货；货币；支付手段11.sufficient adj.足够的；充足的_ adv.足以；充分地global12.globe n.地球；世界；地球仪_ adj.全球的；全世界的argument13.argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论_ n.争论；争吵；论点14

7、.fatal adj.致命的；灾难性的_ n.命运15.analysis n.(pl.analyses)(对事物的)分析；分析结果_ vt.分析fateanalyseregular16.regularly adv.经常；定期地_ adj.定期的；经常的；正常的limitlimitation17.limited adj.有限的_ n.界限；限制vt.限制；限定_ n.限制；局限limitless adj.无限(制)的18.closing adj. 结尾的；结束的n. 停业；关闭；倒闭_ v.关闭；歇业；结束adj.近的；靠近的；亲密的 adv.接近地_ adv.接近地；仔细地closeclose

8、ly联想积累【派生构词】analyse(去 se)sis(动词名词后缀-sis名词)base(去 se)sis 基础crise(去 se)sis 危机【合成构词】ongoing(介词动名词形容词)onrushing 猛冲ingoing 进入的ingrowing 向内生长的重点短语1.carry _ 继续做，坚持干onon2._ board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上3.in the _ of doing sth.抱着的希望4.so _ to (do sth.)为了；以便hopeas5.figure _ 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白outin6.result _导致；造成7.as _ result

9、所以；结果(是)8.provide _ sb.提供生活所需aforinout9._ closing 最后10.run _ 用完；耗尽精选佳句教材原句travellingintospace1.Before the mid-20th century, most people felt _ _ was an impossible dream. 在 20 世纪中期之前，大多数人都觉得去太空旅游是一个不可能实现的梦想。句式结构句式 1：动名词(短语)作主语，谓语动词用单数形式教材原句famouslysaying2.Over eight years later, on 20 July 1969, Amer

10、ican astronautNeil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, _ _ ，“Thats one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.”八年后的 1969 年 7 月 20 日，美国宇航员尼尔阿姆斯特朗登上了月球，并有一句名言：“对一个人来说，这是一小步；对人类来说，这是一大步。”句式结构句式 2：动名词作伴随状语教材原句madeeveryonesad3.These disasters _ _ _ _ ，but the desire to explore the universe never d

11、ied.这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但(人们)探索宇宙的渴望从未消失。anddisappointed句式结构句式 3：make宾语adj.课文复现Since earliest time, man has dreamed of 1._ (explore)the universe, but before the mid20th century, it was considered animpossible dream.However，with the efforts of scientists，rocketsthat could escape Earths gravity 2._ (make

12、).In 1961，theUSSR sent the first person into space.Then ， American astronautNeil Armstrong took the first step on the moon, 3._ wasconsidered a giant leap for mankind.exploringwere madewhichScientists tried 4._ (ensure) the safety of theastronauts, but disasters still happened, which made everyone s

13、adand 5._ (disappoint).However, the desire to explore theuniverse never died.This is 6._ people believe in the7._ (important) of carrying on space explorationdespite the huge risks.disappointedbecauseChina has made great progress in space programme in recentyears.In 2003 ， Yang Liwei successfully or

14、bited Earth in theShenzhou 5 spacecraft.More 8._ (recent) ，China has sentto ensureimportancerecentlyChange 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon tomake measurements and 9._ (observe).The future of space exploration remains bright.Despite thedifficulties, scientists hope future discove

15、ries will not only enableus to understand how the universe began, 10._ also help ussurvive well into the future.observationsbut单句语法填空intelligent1.Hes an _ (intelligence) player but lacks the muscleof older competitors.universally2.The governments policy of compromise is not _(universal) popular.beyo

16、ndon3.Our success was far _ what we thought possible.4.In addition, a hero must be optimistic and diligent and bekeen _ his hard work.5.He is being constantly _ (monitor) with regularchecks on his blood pressure.monitored6.The teaching of history should not be limited_ datesand figures.toattached7.F

17、or future information, please contact us on the _(attach) form.outdesirablefacilities8.No one could figure _ how he got to be so wealthy.9.It is _ (desire) that interest rates should be reduced.10.Students should take full advantage of the universitys_ (facility).1.determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的【原句】 Howe

18、ver, some scientists were determined to helphumans realise their dream to explore space.(教材 P40)然而，一些科学家决意要帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。【典例】My father was determined that none of his children wouldbe denied an education.我父亲决心不让他的孩子们被剥夺受教育的权利。Amazed at how skilful they were, I was determined to bejust as good.我惊讶于他们

19、的技艺，决心要做得和他们一样好。【归纳】a determined look 坚定的眼神(表情)be determined that 决心be determined to do sth.下定决心做某事【点津】determine to do sth.表示动作，为非延续性动词短语，不可与时间状语连用； be determined to do sth.表示状态，可与表示时间段的状语连用。【拓展】(1)determine vt.查明；确定；决定determine to do sth.决定做某事determine on sth.决定某事(2)determination n.决定；决心；果断with det

20、ermination 坚决地；果断地【即学即用】单句语法填空to work(1)She determined _ (work) twice as hard as before tomake up for the lost time.Determined(2)_ (determine) to be myself, move forward, freeof shame and worldly labels, I can now call myself a “marathonwinner”.determination(3)Write a poem about how courage, _ (dete

21、rmine),and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.2.desire n.渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望【原句】 These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed,but the desire to explore the universe never died.(教材 P41)这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但(人们)探索宇宙的欲望从未消失。【典例】 The boyhas a strong desire for success, so he worksharder

22、than before.这男孩有强烈的成功欲望，所以他比以前更努力地工作。Fewer people desire to live in the north of the country.很少有人愿意住在这个国家的北部。 All the students presentdesire that they should go to akey university.在场的所有学生都希望他们能上重点大学。【归纳】have a strong/no desire for sth.急于/不想得到某物have a strong desire to do sth.迫切想要做某事desire (to do) sth

23、.渴望(做)某事desire sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事desire that.(should) do sth.渴望【点津】(1) 表示“渴望做某事”表达的有：be eager to do sth./beeager for sth.; be thirsty to do sth./be thirsty for sth.; long forsth./long to do sth.等。(2)desire 作及物动词时，不用于进行时态。desire 意为“希望”后接宾语从句时，从句中的谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。此外，desire 作名词时其后所接主语从句、表语从句和同位语从

24、句也要使用虚拟语气。【拓展】desirable adj.理想的；值得拥有的；可取的【即学即用】单句语法填空for(should) be given(1)This photo reminds us that we all appreciate beauty andthat we all share a common desire _ pleasure.(2)We desire that immediate help _ (give) tothe local villagers who have been trapped by the flood.完成句子，每空一词(3)既然你渴望学习中国文化，我

25、认为北京语言大学是你的理想去处。haveastrongdesiretolearnNow that you _ _ _ _ _ Chinese culture, I think Beijing Language andCulture University is an ideal place for you.Since you _ _ _Chinese culture, Ithink Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place foryou.desiretolearn3.lack n.缺乏；短缺vt.没有；缺乏【原句】 Ast

26、ronauts bones and muscles can get very weak inspace due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day,which will help them stay healthy.(教材 P42)在太空中，由于缺乏重力，宇航员们的骨头会变得脆弱，肌肉会变得无力，所以他们需要每天锻炼，这将帮助他们保持健康。【典例】 Health problems are closely connected with bad eatinghabits and a lack of exercise.

27、健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。The tour was cancelled for lack of bookings.那次旅行因无预定而取消了。As he is very rich helacks for nothing.他很富有，什么都不缺。【归纳】a lack of.缺乏for lack of.因缺乏(have/there is) no lack of.不缺乏lack (for).缺乏lack for nothing 什么也不缺【点津】lack 作及物动词时，不用于被动语态；lack 作不及物动词时，常与介词 for 连用；lack 作名词时，常与介词 of 连用；形容词 l

28、acking 常与介词 in 连用。【拓展】lacking adj.短缺的；缺乏的be lacking in.缺少【即学即用】单句语法填空lackingof(1)Though _ (lack) money, his parents managed tosend him to university.(2)More and more high-rise buildings have been built in bigcities for lack _ space.完成句子，每空一词lacked(3)他缺乏与他人交流的技能，因此在比赛中失败了。He _ the skill to communicat

29、e with others, so hefailed in the competition.waslackinginHe _ _ _ the skill to communicatewith others, so he failed in the competition.Lacking_ the skill to communicate with others, he failed inthe competition.Forlackof _ _ _ the skill to communicatewith others, he failed in the competition.4.argue

30、 vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论【原句】 Some people argue that we should stop wastingtime and money exploring space.(教材 P44)有些人认为我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱来探索太空。【典例】I wont argue with you about this matter again.我不会再和你争论这件事了。 He argued against the use of punishment for those whobreak school rules.他反对对违反校规的人实施惩罚。I managed to argue

31、my classmates into accepting my idea.我设法说服我的同学接受了我的想法。【归纳】argue with sb.about/over sth.与某人争论某事argue for/against sth.提出理由支持/反对某事argue o/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事argue that.主张/认为【点津】表示“说服做”的表达还有：persuade sb.to do sth.,persuade o doing sth., convince sb.to do sth., talk odoing sth.等

32、。【拓展】argument n.争辩；争论；辩论beyond argument 无可争辩have an argument (with sb.) about/over sth.为某事(与某人)发生争吵get into an argument 争论/争吵起来【即学即用】单句语法填空forwithinto(1)The workers, who argued _ their own rights,argued _ the boss for a few days, but failed to argue him_ giving them a rise in wages.(2)After a long t

33、ime of discussion, they accepted theagreement without _ (argue).argument完成句子，每空一词(3)我们想方设法劝说他接受我们的建议，但都是徒劳的。We tried many ways to _ _ _ our advice, but in vain.argue/persuade/talkhimintofollowing5.limited adj.有限的【原句】 Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a blacksea made people realise that o

34、ur planets resources are limited.( 教材 P44)看到我们的星球像是黑色大海中的一个岛屿的图片，人类意识到我们星球的资源是有限的。【典例】The length of the article shouldbe limited to 400 words orso.文章的长度应该限制在 400 字左右。We mustlimit the expenses to what we can afford.我们必须把开支限制在我们能负担得起的范围内。Im willing to help, within limit.我愿意在力所能及的范围内帮忙。【归纳】be limited 是

35、有限的limited to 限于；被限制在上【拓展】(1)limit n.界限；限制vt.限制；限定limit sb./sth.to sth.把限制在内within limits 在某种程度上；有一定限制beyond the limit 超过限制without limit 无限制地set a limit to/on sth.对规定限制There is a/no limit to.有限度/无限度(2)limitation n.限制；局限(3)limitless adj.无限(制)的(4)unlimited adj.无限制的；无限量的；无条件的【即学即用】单句语法填空limitedto(1)Lif

36、e is _ (limit), but there is no limit _serving the people.on/tolimitless(2)We must set a limit _ the expense of the trip.(3)Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning.And Ive foundthat the possibilities that lie within books are _ (limit).1.so as to (do sth.) 为了；以便【原句】 In space, astronauts collect

37、 all dirty water so as torecycle it for later use.(教材 P42)在太空中，宇航员收集所有的脏水以便回收利用。【典例】Lets not pick these peaches until this weekend so that theyget sweet enough to be eaten. 这个周末之前我们不要摘这些桃子，这样它们就甜得可以吃了。词组用法so as to常放在句中，不能放在句首，引导目的状语(否定形式：so as not to)In order to find a better job, he decided to stud

38、y a secondforeign language.为了找一份更好的工作，他决定再学一门外语。 Leave your telephone number in order that we mightcontact you.请留下你的电话号码，以便我们与你联系。【辨析】so as to, in order to/that, so that 与 so.as to词组用法in order to可置于句中或句首，引导目的状语，意为“为了；以便”(否定形式：in order not to)in order that引导目的状语从句，从句中常有情态动词 can/could/may/might 等so th

39、at引导目的状语从句，从句中常有情态动词 can/could/may/might 等引导结果状语从句，从句中不用情态动词so.as to引导结果状语，意为“如此以至于”(否定形式：so.as not to)(续表)【即学即用】完成句子，每空一词sothatinorderthat(1)我们把灯打开，以便看看它是什么。We turned on the light _ _/_ _ we might see what it was. We turned on the light _ _ _ seewhat it was.so/inas/orderto(2)她如此生气以至于在他面前说不出一句话。She

40、is _ angry _ _ _ say aword in front of him.soasnotto2.as a result 所以；结果(是)【原句】 As a result, space-based science has helped farmingin its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earths increasingpopulation.(教材 P44)因此，太空科学帮助农业生产出足够的粮食来养活地球上不断增长的人口。【典例】 Alice overslept this morning.As a result, she was lat

41、e forschool.爱丽丝今天早上睡过头了。结果，她上学迟到了。About 21 million people died during the 1990s as a resultof smoking.20 世纪 90 年代，大约有 2100 万人死于吸烟。 Pollution and other serious problems have resulted fromhuman progress.人类的进步导致了污染和其他严重的问题。 I learned that shouting and threats of punishment wouldresult in a disaster.我了解

42、到，大喊大叫和威胁惩罚会导致一场灾难。【归纳】as a result/consequence of 由于的原因；因为without result 徒劳；毫无结果result from 由引起；因而产生result in 导致；致使；造成【即学即用】单句语法填空of(1)She was late as a result _ the heavy snow.完成句子，每空一词resultedfrom(2)他的失败是工作不够努力造成的。resultedinHis failure _ _ not working hard enough.Not working hard enough _ _ his fa

43、ilure.(3)结果他只得离开。Asaresult_ _ _， he had to leave.3.run out 用完；耗尽【原句】 It is necessary to find a new home for people inspace, as the resources on Earth will run out.(教材 P45)在太空寻找一个新家是有必要的，因为地球上的资源会被耗尽。【典例】 Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running out,we must act immediately before theres n

44、one left.地震灾区的食物供给快要用光了，我们必须趁着供给用完之前立刻采取行动。After a long journey, he has run out of his energy.经过长途旅行，他已筋疲力尽。It is irresponsible of you to run away from difficulties.你逃避困难是不负责任的。词组用法run out of意为“用完了”， 是及物动词短语，相当于use up，主语一般是人run out意为“用完了”， 是不及物短语动词，无被动语态，相当于 be used up，主语一般是物(时间、金钱、食物等)give out意为“用完

45、；筋疲力尽”，为不及物动词短语use up意为“用完；耗尽”，为及物动词短语【辨析】 run out (of), give out 与 use up【拓展】run away from 逃离；躲避run after 追赶；追求run into 撞上；偶然遇到run over 碾过；思考；超过时间run across 偶然遇到【即学即用】run acrosshad ran out of用 run 的有关短语适当形式填空(1)I was lucky enough to _ one of my oldfriends when I _ all the money in a supermarket,or

46、I would have been quite embarrassed.(2)Some little kids _ the flower car.Unfortunately, one of them _ a light pole andwas badly injured.were running afterran into1.Over eight years later, on 20 July 1969, Americanastronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, famouslysaying, “Thats one small step f

47、or a man, one giant leap formankind.”(教材 P40)八年后的 1969 年 7 月 20 日，美国宇航员尼尔阿姆斯特朗登上了月球，并有一句名言：“对一个人来说，这是一小步；对人类来说，这是一大步。”【剖析】本句中的 famously saying 是现在分词短语作伴随状语，和主语 American astronaut Neil Armstrong 在逻辑上是主谓关系。【典例】(2021全国甲卷阅读理解 B)According to the WorldWildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has d

48、ropped aslow as 5500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.根据世界野生动物基金会的数据，全球黑犀牛数量已降至 5500头，这使黑犀牛处于“极度濒危”状态。(2021 全国甲卷 阅读理解 C)A few minutes later, when Ilanded the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting:“Safe! Safe! Safe！”几分钟后，当我的技巧完成时，我的朋友们大声拍打着他们的板，大喊：“安全！安全！安全！”【点津】(1)现在分

49、词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果、方式、伴随等，其逻辑主语要和句子主语保持一致，且分词(短语)与句中主语为逻辑上的主谓关系。如：Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.(表时间)看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。A number of new machines were installed in the factory,resulting in an increase in production.(表结果)这家工厂安装了许多新机器，因而增加了生产。(2)当现在分词(短语)的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前时，要用现在分

50、词的完成时 having done。如：Having finished her homework, the little girl began to watchTV.做完作业后，这个小女孩开始看电视。(3)作状语的现在分词(短语)相当于一个状语从句。如：Working hard (If you work hard), you will succeed.如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。【即学即用】staringatthesky用现在分词作状语改写下列句子(1)He lay on the grass, and stared at the sky for a long time. He lay on t

51、he grass, _ _ _ for a long time.leavinghimalot(2)His father died，and left him a lot of money. His father died, _ _ _ _ _.ofmoney(3)Although they knew all this, they made me pay for thedamage.Knowingallthis_ _ _， they made me pay for thedamage.2.These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed , bu

52、tthe desire to explore the universe never died.( 教材 P41) 这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的渴望从未消失。【剖析】 本句是一个复合句。句中含有“make宾语宾补”复合结构，其中 everyone 为 make 的宾语，sad and disappointed 为宾补。【典例】 (2021 全国乙卷 书面表达)On the other hand, onlinelearning itself has some imperfections, making it difficult for usnot to be affected.另

53、一方面，在线学习本身有一些不完善的地方，这使得我们很难不受影响。(2021全国乙卷听力)I had to admit that moving so oftenmade me feel lonely.我不得不承认经常搬家让我感到孤独。(2021全国乙卷七选五型阅读理解)According to JessicaHagy, author of How to Be Interesting, its not difficult to makeyourself interesting at a dinner party.根据如何变得有趣的作者杰西卡哈格的说法，让自己在晚宴上变得有趣并不难。 (2021新高

54、考卷阅读理解 D)Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person. 情商高并不一定使一个人成为有道德的人。【点津】(1)“make宾语宾补”复合结构的具体形式有：maken./pron.do。当该结构用于被动语态时，不定式符号 to 要还原。maken./pron.done。该过去分词与宾语是动宾关系。maken./pron.adj.。表示“使某人或某物变得”。maken./pron.n.。表示“使某人或某物成为”。make it宾补不定式(真正的宾语)。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式。

55、(2)“make宾语宾补”复合结构的注意事项：能用过去分词作宾补，但不能用现在分词作宾补；宾补若是省略 to 的不定式，变为被动语态时不定式符号to 则必须加上；如果宾补是表示独一无二的职位或头衔的名词，则名词前不用冠词。【即学即用】单句语法填空itheard(1)This produced a chain reaction ， which made _possible for life to develop.(2)The teacher raised his voice so that he could made himself_ (hear).完成句子，每空一词(3)玛丽想让我们留下来吃晚

56、饭。Mary tried to _ _ _ _.makehimabetterdoctor(4)他相信这个系统会使他成为一名更好的医生。He believes that the system will _ _ _ _.makeusstayforsupper【题目】最近， 你班同学就“太空是否值得探索”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下表提供的信息， 用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论的情况， 并谈谈自己的看法。一、30%的同学认为太空不值得探索。理由：1.离我们及我们的日常生活太遥远；2.浪费金钱。二、70%的同学认为太空值得探索。理由：1.已使用卫星进行通讯传播、天气预报；2.有望解决人口问题。注意：1

57、.词数 80 左右；2.可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。参考范文：Recently our class had a heated discussion on whether space isworth exploring.Students hold different ideas about it.30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile, holdingthe belief that space exploration is too far away from us and ourdaily life and is a waste of money.However, 70% think space is worth exploring because wehave benefited a lot from it, such a