2023版高考英语一轮总复习第一部分教材知识梳理Unit5LanguagesAroundTheWorld课件新人教版必修第一册

1、UNIT 5LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD核心单词阅读词汇1.billion n.十亿2.bone n.骨头；骨(质)3.shell n.壳；壳状物4.carve vt.& vi.雕刻5.dynasty n.王朝；朝代6.dialect n.地方话；方言7.classic adj.传统的；最优秀的；典型的n.经典作品；名著8.calligraphy n.书法；书法艺术9.affair n.公共事务；事件；关系10.tongue n.舌头；语言11.semester n.学期12.gas n.汽油；气体；燃气13.petrol n.汽油14.subway n.地铁15.ap

2、artment n.公寓套房16.pants n.内裤；短裤；裤子17.gap n.间隔；开口；差距高频词汇1._ adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的 n.本地人2._ n.态度；看法nativeattitude3._ prep.即使；尽管4._ n.因素；要素5._ n.符号；象征6._ n.方式；方法；途径despitefactor7._ n.尊重；关注 vt.把视为；看待8._ n.文字；符号；角色；品质；特点character9._ adj.特定的；明确的；具体的10._ n.& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗struggle11._ n.词汇vocabularyregardmeanssymbo

3、lspecific拓展词汇1.refer vi. 提到；参考；查阅_ n.指称关系；参考vt. 查询；叫求助于2._ n.体系；制度；系统systematic adj.系统的；体系的systembasedbasic3.base vt.以为据点；以为基础n.底部；根据_ adj.以(某事)为基础的；以为重要部分(或特征)的basis n.基础_ adj.基础的；基本的reference4.variety n.(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化_vi.变化_ adj.各种各样的varyvarious5.major adj.主要的；重要的；大的vi.主修；专门研究_ n.大多数n.主修课程；主修学

4、生6.globe n.地球；地球仪；球体_ adj.全球的；全世界的globalappreciateappreciation7._ vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值_ n.欣赏；感激appreciative adj.感激的；欣赏的8.beg vt.恳求；祈求；哀求_ n.乞丐beggarmajority9.equal n.同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同样的_ n.平等；相等_ adv.同样地；相等地10.demand n.要求；需求vt.强烈要求；需要vi.查问_ adj.要求高的；要求苛刻的equalityequally11.describe vt.描述；描写_ n.描写(文字)

5、；形容12._ vt.联系；讲述_ adj.有关系的relation n.关系relative adj.相对的n.亲戚；亲属demandingdescriptionrelaterelated联想积累【派生构词】1.reference(动词名词后缀-ence同义名词)existence 存在dependence 依赖；依靠difference 不同；差异persistence 坚持2.equality(形容词名词后缀-ity同义名词)popularity 流行majority 大多数similarity 相似personality 性格【合成构词】underground(副词名词新名词)unde

6、rskirt 衬裙overtime 加班aftereffect 后果overburden 过重的负担重点短语1._ to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅2.ups and _ 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱referasstruggle3.be _ on 以为基础4._ back (to.)追溯到5.a _ of 各种各样的6._ in 主修7.be regarded _ 被看作8._ to do sth.挣扎做某事byto9.point _ view 观点；看法10.be _ to.与相等；与平等；胜任11._ means of.借助于12.relate _ 与相关；涉及；谈到downsbaseddatevar

7、ietymajorofequal精选佳句教材原句ofgreatimportance1.That writing system was _ _ _in uniting the Chinese people and culture.这个书写体系对于统一中华民族和中华文化具有重要意义。句式结构句式 1：be of (形容词)抽象名词教材原句nomatterwhere2.Even today, _ _ _ Chinese peoplelive or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate inwriting.即使在今天，不论住在哪

8、里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。句式结构句式 2：“no matter疑问词”引导让步状语从句教材原句notonlybutalso3.Soon after that, the idea developed that calligraphy was_ _ a beautiful art form _ _ ameans of showing the character of the “man behind the brush”.此后不久，这种观点形成了，即书法不仅是一种美丽的艺术形式，而且是一种显示“毛笔背后的人”性格的方式。句式结构句式 3：not only.but

9、also.意为“不仅而且”，连接两个并列的句子成分教材原句themorethemore4.It was exercise for the brain; _ _ I learnt ofa language, _ _ my brain would grow.这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门的语言学得越多，我的大脑就会成长得越多。句式结构句式 4：the比较级，the比较级，意为“越，越”课文复现China is 1._ (wide) known for its ancient civilisationwhich has continued all the way through into modern

10、times.Thereare many reasons 2._ this has been possible, but one of themain 3._ (factor) has been the Chinese writing system.At the beginning, 4._ (write) Chinese was apicture-based language.Those are some symbols 5._ (carve)on animal bones and shells by ancient Chinese people.By theShang Dynasty, th

11、ese symbols 6._ (become) awell-developed writing system.Over the years, it developed intowidelywhyfactorswrittencarvedhad becomedifferent forms because that was 7._ time when theChinese were divided geographically, leading 8._ varietiesof dialects and characters.After Emperor Qinshihuang united thes

12、even major states into one unified country, the Chinese writingsystem 9._ (begin) to develop in one direction.Nowadays, the Chinese writing system is an important part ofChinese culture.An 10._ (increase) number ofinternational students are beginning to appreciate Chinas cultureand history through t

13、his amazing language.atobeganincreasing单句语法填空1.For example, there are huge amounts of _ (refer)books to choose from.reference2.Only when you take a positive attitude _ theproject will you enjoy the whole process.towards/to3.A _ (globe) environmental meeting is going to beheld in Hangzhou.global4.Mr.

14、Smith is _ (regard) as one of the most successfulbusinessmen.regarded5.Its not true that we judge people _ (base) on howmuch money they have.basedby6.Well get in touch with that factory _ this means.7.The old woman shows little _ (appreciate) ofgood music.appreciation8.The temple _ (date) back to th

15、e Tang Dynasty isunder repair.datingmajoritydescription9.The _ (major) of students are in support of the plan.10.The scenery of the West Lake is so impressive that it iscompletely beyond _ (describe).1.variety n.(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化【原句】 Over the years, the system developed into differentforms, as it w

16、as a time when people were divided geographically,leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.( 教材 P62) 随着时间的推移，这一体系发展成不同的形式，这是由于当时中国人居住地域存在分隔，从而导致了许多方言和汉字变体的产生。【典例】Long time exposure to polluted air can cause a variety ofphysical health problems. 长期暴露在被污染的空气中会导致各种身体健康问题。The levels of toler

17、able pain vary greatly from individual toindividual.个人对疼痛的耐受程度差别很大。The prices of the vegetables vary with the seasons.蔬菜的价格随季节而变化。Weve been collecting data from various sources.我们一直从各种渠道收集资料。【归纳】a variety ofvarieties of 各种各样的【点津】“a variety of/varieties of可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。【拓展】(1)vary vi.变化vary f

18、rom.to.从到变化vary with.随着变化(2)various adj.各种各样的；不同的【即学即用】单句语法填空variousVarieties(1)He pointed out _ (vary) landmarks as we drovealong.(2)_ (variety) of goods for daily use are available inthis supermarket.完成句子，每空一词varyfromplacetoplace(3)空气污染的成分和程度在各个地方都不尽相同。The composition and levels of air pollution _

19、 _ _ _.(4)蜂蜜的气味和色泽随蜜源的不同而不同。Smell and color of honey _ _ sources ofhoney.varywith2.means n.方式；方法；途径【原句】 Written Chinese has also become an importantmeans by which Chinas present is connected with its past.( 教 材P62)汉字也成为中国的“现在”和“过去”的一个重要媒介。【典例】 For the deaf and dumb couple the only means ofcommunicat

20、ion is sign language.对聋哑人夫妇来说，唯一的交流方式就是手语。 The engineers succeeded in completing the project bymeans of patience and hard work.工程师们凭着耐心和辛勤的工作，成功地完成了这项工程。By no means can we give up halfway. 我们绝不能半途而废。【归纳】a means of.一种的方式by this means 用这种方法by means of.借助于；用by no means 绝不【点津】(1)means 意为“方式；方法”时，单复数同形，作

21、主语时，谓语的单复数要根据 means 的意义来判断。(2)by no means 置于句首时，句子要用全部倒装结构。(3)表示“用这种方法”的表达还有：in this way, in amanner, with this method 等。【拓展】(1)mean vt.意味着；打算adj.吝啬的；卑鄙的mean doing sth.意味着做某事mean to do sth.打算做某事be meant for.为设计/准备的(2)meaning n.意思；含义(3)meaningful adj.有意义的【即学即用】单句语法填空byhave been triedhas worked(1)We e

22、xpress our feelings _ means of words.(2)So far, all the possible means _ (try) tosave the little dog, but not a means _ (work).(3)Missing the bus means _ (wait) for another half anhour.waiting完成句子，每空一词(4)我们绝不会向敌人投降。Bynomeans_ _ _ will we give in to the enemies.3.struggle n.& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗【原句】 When I s

23、tarted studying German, it was a struggle.(教材 P64)当我开始学习德语时，是很吃力的。【典例】 As long as you have struggled for your dream, you are asuccess.只要你为自己的梦想奋斗过，那你就是成功者。 Feeling dizzy, Zhang Yue took a deep breath as shestruggled to finish her presentation.感到头晕的张悦深吸了一口气，努力完成她的演讲。It was a struggle for the poor fam

24、ily to make a living onthe little farm.对这个贫穷的家庭来说，靠着这个小农场谋生是一件难事。【归纳】struggle for.为(争取)而努力/奋斗struggle against.为反对而斗争；与抗争struggle with.同搏斗；与并肩作战struggle to do sth.努力/争取做某事struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来It is a struggle (for sb.) to do sth.做某事(对某人来说)是件难事。【即学即用】单句语法填空for(1)The children struggled _ the toy

25、, laughing andshouting.to keepagainst(2)Lucy struggled _ (keep) control of her voice.(3)His grandfather struggled _ cancer for two years.完成句子，每空一词(4)对我们来说，在星期五之前完成这项任务是件困难的事。Itisastruggle_ _ _ _ for us to accomplishthe task before Friday.4.demand n.要求；需求vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问【原句】 But if Im talking to some

26、one who isnt very close tome, I must make my request longerand I must make it a question,not a demand, e.g., “Could you open the window, please？”(教材 P66)但是如果我和一个不是很亲近的人说话，我就必须把我的请求说得长一些，而且我得把它变成一个疑问句，而不是一个要求，例如：“麻烦你打开窗户，好吗？”【典例】You should buy this bicycle while there are some left, it isin great dem

27、and.趁着还有，你应该买下这部自行车，它是紧俏商品。 We just cant find good enough second hand cars to meetour demands.我们就是找不到足够好的二手车来满足我们的需求。The woman demanded to be told everything in detail aboutit.这个女人要求告诉她关于这件事的一切细节。 Our English teacher demanded that we (should)readaloud every morning.我们的英语老师要求我们每天早上大声朗读。【归纳】be in (gre

28、at) demand 需求量大；(迫切)需求on demand 一经要求meet/satisfy ones demands 满足某人的要求/需求demand to do sth.要求做某事demand that.(should) do.要求【点津】(1)demand 不构成 demand sb.to do sth. ，类似的动词还有hope, agree。(2)demand 后的宾语从句或同位语从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should) do”。有类似用法的动词还有：advise,suggest(建议), propose, order, command, request, require

29、, insist(坚持认为)等。【拓展】demanding adj.要求高的；要求苛刻的；费力的【即学即用】单句语法填空(should) keep(1)The doctor demanded that Dora _ (keep) abalance between work and play.to see(2)Flora demanded _ (see) the manager, but wasrefused.ondemanding(3)Passengers must show their tickets _ demand.(4)Basketball is an interesting spor

30、t, but its also physically_ (demand).1.refer to 指的是；描述；提到，查阅【原句】What do the italicised words refer to in thesentences? (教材 P60)句子中斜体词指的是什么？【典例】If you want to know his telephone number, you may referto the telephone directory.如果你想知道他的电话号码，你可以查阅电话簿。People often refer to him as a living Lei Feng.人们经常称他

31、为活雷锋。I suggest that you should refer this matter to the head officefor a decision.我建议你把这件事交给总公司决定。【归纳】refer to.as.把称作；把当作refer sb.to.叫某人求助于refer.to.把提交给/委托给【点津】(1)refer 的过去式和过去分词均是 referred ，现在分词是referring。(2)表示“把看作”的表达还有：regard.as.,treat.as., consider.(as/to be)., think of.as., look on.as.,see.as.,

32、 view.as., take.as.等。【拓展】reference n.参考；推荐with/in reference to 关于a reference book 一本参考书【即学即用】写出下列句中 refer to 的中文含义(1)You can refer to a dictionary to check the spelling._查阅涉及指的是提到(2)This book refers to the history of the First WorldWar._(3)When I said that someone was really stupid, I did not refert

33、o you._(4)I promise to you that I wont refer to the matteragain._单句语法填空referenceas(5)I have nothing to say with _ (refer) to thisquestion.(6)Pritzker Architecture Prize is often referred to _the Nobel Prize in architecture.2.point of view 观点；看法【原句】 I had finally come to a place where I could think i

34、nthis foreign language, and I could see the world from a differentpoint of view.(教材 P64)我终于来到了一个可以用这门外语思考的地方，我可以从不同的角度看世界。【典例】It was a logical conclusion from the childs point of view.从小孩的观点来看这是个合乎情理的结论。She waited until the whole island came into view and thentook a photograph.她等到整个岛都映入眼帘，才拍了张照片。【归纳

35、】from ones point of view 从某人观点来看in ones view/opinion 以某人的观点have/get a good view of 对一览无余/尽收眼底come into view 进入视野；映入眼帘【即学即用】单句语法填空of(1)From a practical point _ view, it isnt a good placeto live.(2)_ my view, watching the news on TV is a goodway to learn English.完成句子，每空一词cameintoview(3)当我们转过拐角，一座迷人的城堡

36、映入我们的眼帘。As we turned the corner, a fascinating castle _ _.had/gotagoodviewof(4)从山顶上我们清楚地看到了全城的景色。We _ _ _ _ _ thetown from the top of the hill.In3.relate to 与相关；涉及；谈到【原句】 Does each sentence relate to the main idea? (教材P67)每句话是否与中心思想相关？【典例】She began to cry when she related to her father.当谈到她的父亲时，她开始哭

37、了。Trainees should be invited to relate new ideas to their pastexperiences. 应该要求实习生把新想法和他们的以往经历相联系。 It is obvious that her obesity is related to her bad eatinghabits.很显然她的肥胖和她不良的饮食习惯有关。【归纳】relate sth.to sb.向某人讲述某事relate.to.把和联系起来【点津】表示“与有关”的表达还有：be associated with., belinked to., be relevant to., be

38、connected to/with.等。【拓展】(1)related adj.有关的be related to.与有关(2)relative adj.相对的 n.亲戚；亲属(3)relatively adv.相对地relatively speaking 相对来讲(4)relation n.关系；联系in relation to 关于；涉及【即学即用】单句语法填空Relatively(1)_ (relative) speaking, these jobs provide goodsalaries.torelations(2)There were some officials _ whom he

39、could relatethe whole story.(3)We seek to improve _ (relate) between our twocountries.1.That writing system was of great importance in unitingthe Chinese people and culture.(教材 P62)这个书写体系对于联结中华民族与中华文化具有重要意义。【剖析】 本句是简单句，句中的 of great importance 是“of形容词抽象名词”结构，是用来说明主语的性质的。此短语相当于“be副词该名词的形容词”。【典例】 The d

40、iscovery of the new drug is of great significance topeople who suffer from heart disease.这种新药物的发现对患心脏病的人来说非常重要。(2020 全国卷 语法填空)The far side of the moon is ofparticular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters.科学家们对月球的远端特别感兴趣，因为它有许多深坑。 (2021 全国甲卷 短文改错)Many students say they willtalk

41、 to their friends or classmates because theyre of the same ageand can understand each other.许多学生说，他们会和朋友或同学交谈，因为他们是同龄人，可以相互理解。【点津】“of名词”结构：“of名词”结构可在句中作表语、后置定语和宾语补足语。该结构可分为两类： (1)可以转化为同根形容词的：此时，“of名词”结构用来说明句子主语所具有的作用、重要性或意义等。这类名词有：value、use、importance、help、significance、benefit、interesting等。名词前可用 no、

42、some、any、little、much、great 等词修饰，用来表明程度。 (2)不可以转化为形容词的：此时，“of名词”结构用来说明句子主语在重量、大小、颜色、类别等方面的特征。这类名词有：colour、size、age、height、weight、shape、type、kind、price、quality 等，名词前可用 different、the same、a(n)等词修饰。【即学即用】完成句子，每空一词(1)你会发现这张地图对你周游伦敦很有价值。Youll find this map _ _ _ when youare travelling around London.ofgrea

43、tvalue(2)我不需要这些东西了，请把它们捐给慈善机构。Please give these things to charities.They are _ _ to me.ofnouse(3)多巧啊！我的同学汤姆和比尔的身高和体重相同。What a coincidence! My classmates Tom and Bill are_ _ _ _ _ _.ofthesameheightandweight2.Even today, no matter where Chinese people live orwhat dialect they speak, they can all still

44、 communicate inwriting.(教材 P62)即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。【剖析】 本句是一个主从复合句。句中的 no matter where引导让步状语从句，相当于 wherever。【典例】 (2020 天津卷 阅读理解 D)For years I wanted to doeverything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter how hard Itried, I was always the neglected one.多年来，我想做哥哥泰森做的所有事情，但无论我多么

45、努力，我总是那个被忽视的人。(2021 全国乙卷 听力)Unlike friendships that can fade orbreak, I know Ill always be connected to my mother no matterwhat I face.不像那些会褪色或破裂的友谊，我知道无论我面对什么，我都会和我的母亲永远联系在一起。 (2020 天津卷 阅读理解 A)While libraries still loan outbooks, youll find it easier to get a copy of whatever youre lookingfor, than

46、ks to a cooperative network of area libraries. 虽然图书馆仍然可以借书，但你会发现，由于地区图书馆的合作网络，你要找一本你想要的书会更容易。【点津】(1)“no matter特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句时，可以和“疑问词ever”互换。如：no matter whatwhatever 无论什么no matter whichwhichever 无论哪一个no matter whowhoever 无论是谁no matter wherewherever 无论在哪no matter whenwhenever 无论何时no matter howhowever

47、 无论多么(2)whatever、whichever、who(m)ever 引导名词性从句时，不可和 no matter what、no matter which、no matter who(m)互换。(3)no matter 不与 why 连用。【即学即用】完成句子，每空一词Nomatterwhat(1)不管你多大年龄，你都可以通过这个方案减轻体重。_ _ _ your age is, you can loseweight by following this programme.(2)谁第一个到达终点线，就把花献给谁。Please give the flowers to _ _ _ thef

48、inishing line first.whoevergetsto(3)无论你何时搬到一个新的地方，你都应该找到火警拉手站和离你房间最近的两个出口的位置。Nomatterwhen_ _ _ you move to a new area, youshould locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearestyour room.3.Soon after that, the idea developed that calligraphy wasnot only a beautiful art form but also a m

49、eans of showing thecharacter of the “man behind the brush”.(教材 P63)此后不久，这种观点形成了，即书法不仅是一种美丽的艺术形式，而且是一种显示“毛笔背后的人”性格的方式。【剖析】 本句是一个主从复合句，句中的“not only.butalso.”连接并列的句子成分，意为“不仅而且”。【典例】(2020全国卷书面表达)In our eyes, she is not only ourteacher, but also our best friend.在我们的眼里，她不仅是我们的老师，也是我们最好的朋友。(2021新高考卷读后续写)It

50、 was not only the gift, butthe love of the children for her that moved her very much. 使她非常感动的不仅是礼物，还有孩子们对她的爱。 Not only my parents but also my sister is going to attendthe party.不仅我父母而且我妹妹也将参加晚会。 (2020 全国卷 书面表达)Not only did it give usrelaxation, but also it got us closer to nature.它不仅让我们放松，而且让我们更接近大自

51、然。【点津】not only.but (also).的用法：(1)连接两个名词、代词、动词(短语)、介词短语、分句等；(2)作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数遵循“就近一致”的原则，即与后面的主语一致；(3)not only 所在的分句要用部分倒装，but (also)后的分句不倒装。【拓展】采用“就近一致”原则的还有：not.but., neither.nor.,either.or., there be 等。【即学即用】单句语法填空(1)(2020 江苏卷 完形填空)There, he not only did well as astudent but also _ (become) an acc

52、omplished publicspeaker.becameis(2)Not only the students but also the teacher _ (be)fond of the beautiful song.句式改写，每空一词Notonlydid(3)We not only learned our own culture by taking part in thisactivity but we also deepened our understanding of the traditionalheritage.(改为部分倒装句)welearn _ _ _ _ _ ourown culture by taking part in this activity but we also deepened ourunderstanding of the traditional heritage.【题目】假设你是李华。最近，你在网上看到英国笔友 Mary 写的博客，讲述了她在汉语学习中遇到的困难，感到非常着急。请根据下列提示给她写一封电子邮件。内容包括：1.同情她的处境；2.给她提出几点建议；3.希望她情况好转。注意：1.词数 80 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Mary，_Yours sincerely，Li Hua参考范文：Dear Mary，Im