2022医学课件呼吸系统-组织学和胚胎学

1、 Respiratory system第一页，共三十一页。Respiratory system第二页，共三十一页。Nasal cavity, pharynx & larynx. Trachea & bronchi.Lung.第三页，共三十一页。一、trachea第四页，共三十一页。mucosasubmucosaadventitiatrachea (HE)Mixed gland第五页，共三十一页。EM: epithelium of trachea4. Small granule C1.Ciliated C2.Brush C3.Goblet C5.Basal C第六页，共三十一页。The wall

2、 of trachea1. Mucosa=epithelium+lamina propria pseudostratiated ciliated columnar Ciliated C, goblet C, brush C, basal C, small granular C.2. Submucosa=CT+ mixed glands3. Adventitia=16-20 C shaped hayline cartilage rings.第七页，共三十一页。 atmosphere & alveoli alveoli & blood (blood & tissue)Gas exchangebro

3、nchiolelunglung二、lung第八页，共三十一页。Lung Low power第九页，共三十一页。lungparenchyma: bronchial trees & alveoli .Principal bronchi(Br)lobular、segmental Brsmaller Brbronchioleterminal bronchiolerespiratory bronchiolealveolar duct、alveolar sacalveoli.Conduction portion : above terminal bronchioles. Respiratory porti

4、on :respiratory bronchiole to alveoli.Pulmonary lobule: bronchiole and its ramifications.第十页，共三十一页。Conduction portionlobular Br & small BrEpitheliumGoblet CGlandsCartilage plateSMC第十一页，共三十一页。Conduction portionbronchiole & terminal brochioleSimple ciliated columnar.Goblet C Gland Cartilage plate SMC第

5、十二页，共三十一页。Rules of structural variance in conducting portionSmall BrbronchioleTerminal bronchioleEpi PseudostratifiedCiliated columnar Simple ciliated columnarSimple columnar* claracellGoblet C + +/-Mixed gland+ +/-Cartilage plate+ +/-SMC+ + + + 第十三页，共三十一页。Respiratory portionRespiratory bronchioleTh

6、e wall is interruptedSimple cuboidal Epi, clara CSMC第十四页，共三十一页。Respiratory portionAlveolar duct & alveolar sacThe wall, many alveoliSMC*Simple cuboidal, squamousAlveolar ductAlveolar sacNo SMC*第十五页，共三十一页。Respiratory portionalveolus肺泡管Simple alveolar Epi.第十六页，共三十一页。(1) Respiratory portion#constituent

7、s：respiratory bronchiole，alveolar duct，alveolar sac，alveolus。1.Respiratory bronchioleThe wall, few alveoli open into.Simple cuboidal Epi,SMC.第十七页，共三十一页。(2) Respiratory portion2.Alveolar duct & alveolar sacThe wall, many alveoli open into.Knobs in the wall of alveolar duct Knobs is sphincter-like SMC

8、.第十八页，共三十一页。(3) Respiratory portion3. alveolus: type I alveolar C type II alveolar C alveolar septum.第十九页，共三十一页。Type II alveolar CmacrophageElastic fiber第二十页，共三十一页。type I alveolar C第二十一页，共三十一页。Type II alveolar COsmiophilic Multilamellar bodies第二十二页，共三十一页。blood-air barrier第二十三页，共三十一页。AlveoliType I ce

9、llsquamous, covered most surface of the alveoli .Type II cellLM: round or cuboidal, cell body protrude into the lumen.EM: osmiophilic multilamellar body, with abundant phospholipids.Functions: secret surfactant, reduce surface tension, stabilize alveoli.第二十四页，共三十一页。Alveolar septum: continuous Cap.,

10、elastic fiber. macrophage dust C.blood-air barrier includes:1.mucus layer on surface of alveoli2.type I alveolar C3.BM of alveolar C4.delicate layer of CT5.continuous Cap. BM6.continuous Cap. Endothelium.第二十五页，共三十一页。TerminalbronchioleRespiratorybronchioleAlveolar ductAlveolar sac1234第二十六页，共三十一页。Rule

11、s of structural variance in respiratory portionwallEpi.SMCRespiratory bronchioleNot integratedAlveoli open Simple columanSimple cuboidalthinAlveolar ductMany alveoli open into Simple cuboidalA fewAlveolar sac of alveoli Alveolar Epi.noalveolusIrregular vesicularAlveolar Epi.no第二十七页，共三十一页。Alveolar ep

12、ithelial cellshapecytoplasmfunctionsType IsquamousPhagocytotic vesicleCovered 95% of the surface of alveoli to benefit gas exchange.Type IIroundcuboidalOsmiophilic multilamellar bodySecret surfactant to reduce surface tension and stabilize the alveoli.Type I cell can not regenerate.Type II cell can differentiate into Type I cell .*第二十八页，共三十一页。keypointsThe basic structure of trachea.Histologic structure of conduction portion.Histologic structure of respiratory portion.Esp. the al