独立主格结构讲解

1、关于独立主格结构讲解第一张，PPT共十五页，创作于2022年6月独立主格结构：形式：npron + 其他成分（doingdone to do n. adj.adv介词短语）在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，在意思上依附于整个句子，相当于状语，表示时间、原因、条件、或伴随等情况。It being Sunday, they had no classes.The signal given, the train started.The children were making a snowman, hands red with cold.He sat in the chair, book in ha

2、nd and pipe in mouth.原因时间伴随伴随第二张，PPT共十五页，创作于2022年6月n. pron . + doing/ to do/ done_(因为他很诚实), we like him._, I had a good rest.(所有的窗子都擦完了)_, a man came up with a practical solution.(正讨论这个问题时)He being honestAll the windows cleanedThe question being discussed第三张，PPT共十五页，创作于2022年6月大多数的独立主格结构可以用“with +宾语+

3、宾语补足语”来代替。1） He lay there, his hands behind his head.(= with his hands behind his head) 非谓语动词的独立主格结构：“名词或代词+ 非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。1. 不定式构成的独立主格结构（表示还未发生的行为或状态，在句中做原因状语、条件状语）Lots of homework to be done, I have to stay at home .第四张，PPT共十五页，创作于2022年6月2.动词-ing 形式构成的独立主格结构：如动词-ing 形式的逻辑主语与主句的主

4、语不一致时，就要用动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构（在句中常做 时间状语、原因、条件、方式状语）1)表时间The audience having seated themselves, the concert began.2)表方式或伴随The coward was backing , his face being deathly pale, toward another room.第五张，PPT共十五页，创作于2022年6月表原因The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.= As the gui

5、de led the way,表条件：Weather permitting, we will go on an outing to the beach now.(= If weather permits)Such being the case, you have no grounds for dismissing him.(=If such is the case)第六张，PPT共十五页，创作于2022年6月3.动词-ed 形式构成的独立主格结构（是由逻辑主语+动词-ed形式 构成，常做时间、原因、伴随、条件状语）1)表时间The task completed , we had a globa

6、l traveling.= The task having been completed = After the task was completed,2)表方式或伴随When in trouble, Tom would sit alone, head bent.3) 表原因Thousands of eyes fixed upon her, Mary felt on edge.第七张，PPT共十五页，创作于2022年6月4).表条件More time and money given , we can finish the work in advance.( = If more time and

7、 money are given,) 注意：不定式往往表示没有发生或即将发生 动词-ing 形式表示正在进行的动作或状态动词-ed 形式表示已经完成和被动的行为第八张，PPT共十五页，创作于2022年6月So many windows to clean, I had to devote the whole afternoon. All the windows cleaned, I had a good rest. 3. The question being discussed , a man came up with a practical solution. 将要完成、被动进行第九张，PPT

8、共十五页，创作于2022年6月独立主格结构中的being 和 having been常省略1）。 The football match (being) over , crowds of people poured out into the street.2).Nobody (being) in, I didnt enter the hall.3).All the windows (being) open, the air in the room is fresher.4).All the tickets(having been) sold out, we had to wait for the

9、 next weeks show.第十张，PPT共十五页，创作于2022年6月注意：1.)当独立主格中的being done 表示“正在被做时”，being 此时不可省。Food being cooked, I fell asleep.2). 当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是 it , there 时， being 常不省。 It being fine , we can go to the beach .There being no time left, we had to speed up.第十一张，PPT共十五页，创作于2022年6月While walking on the playground

10、 , _.a ball hit me B. my head was hit by a ball C. I was hit by a ball D. he was badly wounded 2. _ , he went out to play basketball .The exercise done B. on the exercises C. Having been done the exercises D. The exercises having finished 第十二张，PPT共十五页，创作于2022年6月3._ , the reward was given to him .A.

11、Being honest B. As an honest boy C. He being honest D. He was honest 4._ _ no bus , we had to go home by bus .A. Being B. There being C. There was 5 _ fine , we went out for a picnic .A. Being B. It being C. It was 第十三张，PPT共十五页，创作于2022年6月1 如果天气许可,我们就去参观长城。Weather permitting , well go to visit the Great Wall.