中英文文献翻译-驱动桥概述

1、 附 录 A 英文文献Drive AxleAll vehicles have some type of drive axle/differential assembly incorporated into thedriveline. Whether it is front, rear or four wheel drive, differentials are necessary for thesmooth application of engine power to the road.PowerflowThe drive axle must transmit power through a

2、90 angle. The flow of power inconventional front engine/rear wheel drive vehicles moves from the engine to the drive axlein approximately a straight line. However, at the drive axle, the power must be turned atright angles (from the line of the driveshaft) and directed to the drive wheels.This is ac

3、complished by a pinion drive gear, which turns a circular ring gear. The ringgear is attached to a differential housing, containing a set of smaller gears that are splined tothe inner end of each axle shaft. As the housing is rotated, the internal differential gears turnthe axle shafts, which are al

4、so attached to the drive wheels.Rear-wheel driveRear-wheel-drive vehicles are mostly trucks, very large sedans and many sports car andcoupe models. The typical rear wheel drive vehicle uses a front mounted engine andtransmission assemblies with a driveshaft coupling the transmission to the rear driv

5、e axle.Drive in through the layout of the bridge, the bridge drive shaft arranged vertically in thesame vertical plane, and not the drive axle shaft, respectively, in their own sub-actuator witha direct connection, but the actuator is located at the front or the back of the adjacent shaftof the two

6、bridges is arranged in series. Vehicle before and after the two ends of the drivingforce of the drive axle, is the sub-actuator and the transmission through the middle of thebridge. The advantage is not only a reduction of the number of drive shaft, and raise thedriving axle of the common parts of e

7、ach other, and to simplify the structure, reduces thevolume and quality.Fig 2 Rear-wheel-drive axleSome vehicles do not follow this typical example. Such as the older Porsche orVolkswagen vehicles which were rear engine, rear drive. These vehicles use a rear mountedtransaxle with halfshafts connecte

8、d to the drive wheels. Also, some vehicles were producedwith a front engine, rear transaxle setup with a driveshaft connecting the engine to thetransaxle, and halfshafts linking the transaxle to the drive wheels. Differential operationIn order to remove the wheel around in the kinematics due to the

9、lack of co-ordinationabout the wheel diameter arising from a different or the same rolling radius of wheel travelrequired, inter-wheel motor vehicles are equipped with about differential, the latter to ensurethat the car driver Bridge on both sides of the wheel when in range with a trip to thecharac

10、teristics of rotating at different speeds to meet the requirements of the vehiclekinematics.Fig 3 Principle of differentialThe accompanying illustration has been provided to help understand how this occurs.1.The drive pinion, which is turned by the driveshaft, turns the ring gear.2.The ring gear, wh

11、ich is attached to the differential case, turns the case.3.The pinion shaft, located in a bore in the differential case, is at right angles to theaxle shafts and turns with the case.4.The differential pinion (drive) gears are mounted on the pinion shaft and rotate withthe shaft .5.Differential side

12、gears (driven gears) are meshed with the pinion gears and turn withthe differential housing and ring gear as a unit.6.The side gears are splined to the inner ends of the axle shafts and rotate the shafts asthe housing turns.7.When both wheels have equal traction, the pinion gears do not rotate on th

13、e pinionshaft, since the input force of the pinion gears is divided equally between the two side gears.8.When it is necessary to turn a corner, the differential gearing becomes effective andallows the axle shafts to rotate at different speeds .Open-wheel differential on each general use the same amo

14、unt of torque. To determinethe size of the wheel torque to bear two factors: equipment and friction. In dry conditions,when a lot of friction, the wheel bearing torque by engine size and gear restrictions arehours in the friction (such as driving on ice), is restricted to a maximum torque, so thatve

15、hicles will not spin round. So even if the car can produce more torque, but also need tohave sufficient traction to transfer torque to the ground. If you increase the throttle after thewheels slip, it will only make the wheels spin faster.Fig 4 Conventional differentialLimited-slip and locking diffe

16、rential operationFig 5 Limited-slip differentialDifferential settlement of a car in the uneven road surface and steering wheel-drivenspeed at about the different requirements; but is followed by the existence of differential inthe side car wheel skid can not be effective when the power transmission,

17、 that is, the wheel slip can not produce the driving force, rather than spin the wheel and does not have enoughtorque. Good non-slip differential settlement of the car wheels skid on the side of the powertransmission when the issue, that is, locking differential, so that no longer serve a usefuldiff

18、erential right and left sides of the wheel can be the same torque.Limited-slip and locking differential operation can be divided into two majorcategories：(1) mandatory locking type in ordinary differential locking enforcement agencies toincrease, when the side of the wheel skid occurs, the driver ca

19、n be electric, pneumatic ormechanical means to manipulate the locking body meshing sets of DIP Shell will be withthe axle differential lock into one, thus the temporary loss of differential role. Relativelysimple structure in this way, but it must be operated by the driver, and good roads to stoploc

20、king and restore the role of differential.(2) self-locking differential installed in the oil viscosity or friction clutch coupling, whenthe side of the wheel skid occurs when both sides of the axle speed difference there,coupling or clutch friction resistance on the automatic, to make certain the ot

21、her side of thewheel drive torque and the car continued to travel. When there is no speed difference onboth sides of the wheel, the frictional resistance disappeared, the role of automaticrestoration of differentials. More complicated structure in this way, but do not requiredrivers to operate. Has

22、been increasingly applied in the car. About non-slip differential, notonly used for the differential between the wheels, but also for all-wheel drive vehicleinter-axle differential/.Gear ratioThe drive axle of a vehicle is said to have a certain axle ratio. This number (usually awhole number and a d

23、ecimal fraction) is actually a comparison of the number of gear teethon the ring gear and the pinion gear. For example, a 4.11 rear means that theoretically, thereare 4.11 teeth on the ring gear for each tooth on the pinion gear or, put another way, thedriveshaft must turn 4.11 times to turn the whe

24、els once. The role of theis tofinal drivereduce the speed from the drive shaft, thereby increasing the torque. Lord of the reductionratio reducer, a driving force for car performance and fuel economy have a greater impact.In general, the more reduction ratio the greater the acceleration and climbing

25、 ability, andrelatively poor fuel economy. However, if it is too large, it can not play the full power of theengine to achieve the proper speed. The main reduction ratio is more Smaller ，the speed ishigher, fuel economy is better, but the acceleration and climbing ability will be poor.附 录 B 文献翻译 驱动桥

26、所有的汽车都装有不同类型的驱动桥和差速器来驱动汽车行驶。无论是前驱汽车，后驱汽车还是四轮驱动的汽车，对于将发动机的动力转化到车轮上差速器都是不可缺少的部件。动力的传递驱动桥必须把发动机的动力转一个直角后传递出去，但人对于前轮驱动汽车发动机输出的转矩与主减速器是在同一直线上的，但是发动机前置的后轮驱动的汽车发动机的动力必须以正确的角度传递出去，来驱动车轮。图中所示是齿轮驱动的过程，即由一个相对小的齿轮驱动一个大齿轮（主动齿轮和从动齿轮），从动锥齿轮和差速器壳连接在一起，在半轴的根部有一对带有内花键的半轴齿轮，半轴齿轮和半轴通过花键来连接在一起。当差速器壳旋转时，就驱动内部的半齿轮转动从而使半轴转

27、动，将转矩传给车轮。后驱动桥后轮驱动的车辆大多是卡车，大型轿车和大部分跑车。典型的后轮驱动的车辆使用前置发动机和变速箱总成将转矩传输到后轮驱动桥。多驱动桥汽车中，在贯通式驱动桥的布置中，各桥的传动轴布置在同一纵向铅垂平面内，并且各驱动桥不是分别用自己的传动轴与分动器直接联接，而是位于分动器前面的或后面的各相邻两桥的传动轴，是串联布置的。汽车前后两端的驱动桥的动力，是经分动器并贯通中间桥而传递的。其优点是，不仅减少了传动轴的数量，而且提高了各驱动桥零件的相互通用性，并且简化了结构、减小了体积和质量。一些车辆不是这个典型的例子。如老式的保时捷或大众汽车引擎在汽车后面，是后轮驱动。这些车辆使用的后方

28、安装驱动桥与半轴来驱动车轮。另外，一些车辆是前置引擎，后桥与传动轴连接发动机来驱动车轮。差速器为了消除由于左右车轮在运动学上的不协调而产生左右车轮外径不同或滚动半径不相等而要求车轮行程，汽车左右驱动轮间都装有差速器，后者保证了汽车驱动桥两侧车轮在行程不等时具有以不同速度旋转的特性，从而满足了汽车行驶运动学要求。如图所示说明了其工作情况1. 主动齿轮转动，从而驱动从动齿轮。 2. 从动齿轮将转矩作用于差速器壳，使其转动。3. 位于差速器壳中的行星齿轮以适当的角度和半轴齿轮接触，并随的差速器壳转动。4. 行星齿轮（驱动齿轮）和十字轴连接，和十字轴一起转动。5. 半轴齿轮（被驱动齿轮）和行星齿轮啮合并且和从动齿轮及差速器壳作为一个整体一起转动。6. 半轴齿轮的内花键和半轴端部饿花键接在一起随着差速壳一起转动。7. 当两侧车轮转速相同时，行星齿轮和半轴齿轮无相对运动，左右齿轮力矩平均分配。8. 当汽车转弯时差速器开始起作用，是两侧的半轴以不同的转速旋转。开式差速器对每个车轮一般使用相同量的扭矩。确定车轮承受的扭矩大小的因素有两个：设备和摩擦力。在干燥的条件下，当摩擦力很大时，车轮承受的扭矩大小受发动机和挡位的限制，在摩擦力很小时（如在冰上行驶），限制为最大扭矩，从而使车轮不会打滑。所以，即使汽车可以产生较大