材料科学与基础英文词汇

1、材料科学与基础英文词汇材料科学与基础英文词汇材料科学与基础英文词汇材料科学基础名称与术语第一章绪论材料科学基础常用英语词汇材料的种类Typesofmaterials,metals,ceramics,polymers,composites,elastomer部分材料性质复习Reviewofselectedpropertiesofmaterials,电导率和电阻率conductivityandresistivity,热导率thermalconductivity,应力和应变stressandstrain,弹性应变elasticstrain,塑性应变plasticstrain,钦佩强度yieldstr

2、ength,最大抗拉强度ultimatetensilestrength,最大强度ultimatestrength,延展性ductility,伸长率elongation,断面收缩率reductionofarea,颈缩necking,断裂强度breakingstrength,韧性toughness,硬度hardness,疲劳强度fatiguestrength,蜂窝honeycomb,热脆性heatshortness,晶胞中的原子数atomspercell,点阵参数latticeparameter,密排六方hexagonalclose-packed,六方晶胞hexagonalunitcell,体心立

3、方body-centeredcubic,面心立方face-centeredcubic,弥勒指数Millerindices,晶面crystalplane,晶系crystalsystem,晶向crystaldirection,相变机理Phasetransformationmechanism:成核生长相变nucleationgrowthtransition,斯宾那多分解spinodaldecomposition,有序无序转变disordered-ordertransition,马氏体相变martensitephasetransformation，成核nucleation,成核机理nucleation

4、mechanism,成核势垒nucleationbarrier,晶核，结晶中心nucleusofcrystal,（金属组织的）基体quay,基体，基块，基质，联合剂matrix,子晶，雏晶mattedcrystal,耔晶，晶种seedcrystal,耔晶取向seedorientation,籽晶生长seededgrowth,均质核化homogeneousnucleation,异质核化heterogeneousnucleation,平均化热办理homogenizationheattreatment,熟料grog,自恰场self-consistentfield固溶体Solidsolution:有序固

5、溶体orderedsolidsolution,无序固溶体disorderedsolidsolution,有序合金orderedalloy,无序合金disorderedalloy.无序点阵disorderedlattice,分别，扩散，弥散dispersal,分别剂dispersant,分别剂，增添剂dispersantadditive,分别剂，弥散剂dispersantagent缺陷defect,imperfection,点缺陷pointdefect,线缺陷linedefect,dislocation,面缺陷interfacedefect,surfacedefect,体缺陷volumedefe

6、ct,位错排列dislocationarrangement,位错阵列dislocationarray,位错气团dislocationatmosphere,位错胞dislocationcell,位错爬移dislocationclimb,位错滑移dislocationslip,dislocationmovementbyslip,位错聚结dislocationcoalescence,位错核心能量dislocationcoreenergy,位错裂纹dislocationcrack,位错阻尼dislocationdamping,位错密度dislocationdensity,体积膨胀volumedilat

7、ion,体积收缩volumeshrinkage,回火tempering,退火annealing,退火的，软化的softened,软化退火，软化（办理）softening,淬火quenching,淬火硬化quenchinghardening,正火normalizing,normalization,退火织构annealingtexture,人工时效artificialaging,细长比aspectratio,形变热办理ausforming,等温退火austempering,奥氏体austenite,奥氏体化austenitizing,贝氏体bainite,马氏体martensite,马氏体淬火ma

8、rquench,马氏体退火martemper,马氏体时效钢maragingsteel,渗碳体cementite,固溶加强solidsolutionstrengthening,钢屑混凝土steelchipsconcrete,水玻璃，硅酸钠sodiumsilicate,水玻璃粘结剂sodiumsilicatebinder,硅酸钠类防水剂sodiumsilicatewaterproofingagent,扩散diffusion,扩散系数diffusivity,相变phasetransition,烧结sintering,固相反响solid-phasereaction,相图与相构造phasediagram

9、sandphasestructures,相phase,组分component,自由度freedom,相平衡phaseequilibrium,吉布斯相律Gibbsphaserule,吉布斯自由能Gibbsfreeenergy,吉布斯混淆能Gibbsenergyofmixing,吉布斯熵Gibbsentropy,吉布斯函数Gibbsfunction,相平衡phasebalance,相界phaseboundary,相界限phaseboundaryline,相界交联phaseboundarycrosslinking,相界有限交联phaseboundarycrosslinking,相界反响phasebo

10、undaryreaction,相变phasechange,相组成phasecomposition,共格相phase-coherent,金相相组织phaseconstentuent,相衬phasecontrast,相衬显微镜phasecontrastmicroscope,相衬显微术phasecontrastmicroscopy,相散布phasedistribution,相平衡常数phaseequilibriumconstant,相平衡图phaseequilibriumdiagram,相变滞后phasetransitionlag,Al-Si-O-N系统有关系phaserelationshipsin

11、theAl-Si-O-Nsystem,相分别phasesegregation,phaseseparation,玻璃分相phaseseparationinglasses,相序phaseorder,phasesequence,相稳定性phasestability,相态phasestate,相稳定区phasestabilerange,相变温度phasetransitiontemperature,相变压力phasetransitionpressure,同质多晶转变polymorphictransformation,相平衡条件phaseequilibriumconditions,显微构造microstr

12、uctures,不混溶固溶体immisciblesolidsolution,转熔型固溶体peritecticsolidsolution,低共熔体eutectoid，crystallization,不混溶性immiscibility,固态反响solidstatereaction,烧结sintering,相变机理Phasetransformationmechanism:成核生长相变nucleationgrowthtransition,斯宾那多分解spinodaldecomposition,有序无序转变disordered-ordertransition,马氏体相变martensitephasetransformation，成核nucleation,成核机理nucleationmechanism,成核势垒nucleationbarrier,晶核，结晶中心nucleusofcrystal,（金属组织的）