四种翻译方法,十种翻译技巧

1、15. 四种翻译方法直译和意译所谓直译，就是在译文语言条件许可时，在译文中既保持原文的内容，又保持原文的形式特别指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩等。每一个民族语言都有它自己的词汇、句法结构和表达方法。当原文的思想内容与译文的表达形式有矛盾不宜采用直译法处理时，就应采用意译法。意译要求译文能正确表达原文的内容，但可以不拘泥与原文的形式。（张培基）应当指出，在再能确切的表达原作思想内容和不违背译文语言规范的条件下，直译有其可取之处，一方面有助于保存原著的格调，另一方面可以进新鲜的表达方法。Literaltranslationreferstoanadequaterepresentationof

2、theoriginal.WhentheoriginalcoincidesoralmosttallieswiththeChineselanguageinthesequenceofvocabulary,ingrammaticalstructureandrhetoricaldevice,literaltranslationmustbeused.Freetranslationisalsocalledliberaltranslation,whichdoesnotadherestrictlytotheformorwordorderoftheoriginal.（郭著章）直译法是指在不违背英语文化的前提下，在

3、英译文中完全保留汉语词语的指称意义，求得内容和形式相符的方法。意译是指译者在受到译语社会文化差异的局限时，不得不舍弃原文的字面意义，以求疑问与原文的内容相符和主要语言功能的相似。（陈宏薇）简单地说，直译指在译文中采用原作的的表达方法，句子结构与原句相似，但也不排除在短语层次进行某些调整。意译指在译文中舍弃原作的表达方法，另觅同意等效的表达方法，或指对原作的句子结构进行较大的变化或调整。（杨莉藜）Literaltranslationmaybedefinedashavingthefollowingcharacteristics:1,literaltranslationtakessentencesa

4、sitsbasicunitsandthewholetextintoconsiderationatthesametimeinthecourseoftranslating.2,literaltranslationstrivestoreproduceboththeideologicalcontentandstyleoftheentireliteraryworkandretainasmuchaspossiblethefiguresofspeechandsuchmainsentencestructuresorpatternsasSV,SVO,SVC,SVA,SVOO,SVOC,SVOAformulate

5、dbyRandolphQuirk,oneoftheauthorsofthebookAComprehensiveGrammaroftheEnglishLanguage.Freetranslationmaybedefinedasasupplementarymeanstomainlyconveythemeaningandspiritoftheoriginalwithouttryingtoreproduceitssentencepatternsorfiguresofspeech.Anditisadoptedonlywhenandwhereitisreallyimpossiblefortranslato

6、rstodoliteraltranslation.(LiuZhongde).1.2.练习：Hewalkedattheheadofthefuneralprocession,andeverynowandthenwipedhiscrocodiletearswithabighandkerchief.Itsanillwindthatblowsnobodygood.3.Everydoghashisday.4.5.你不要班门弄斧。Itmeanskillingtwobirdswithonestone.6.7.8.油蛉在这里低唱，蟋蟀们在这里弹琴。NixonwassmilingandKissingersmili

7、ngmorebroadly.在我的后园，可以看见墙外有两株树，一株是枣树，还有一株也是枣树。9.ThereisamixtureofthetigerandtheapeinthecharacterofaFrenchman.10.Everyspiritsyoutakeisanailinyourcoffin.11.ThefirsttimeIsawher,halfofmylifeago,shenearlytookmybreathaway.12.芦笛岩是桂林最精彩的岩洞。13.Dontcrossthebridgetillyougettoit.14.Doyouseeanygreeninmyeye?Iwant

8、amanwhowillthrowhishatovertheChindwinandthenleadhistroopsafterit.16.Ruthwasupsettingtheotherchildren,soIshowedherthedoor.17.Theoperationmaynotsucceed;itsagamblewhetherhelivesordies.18.Butaftersixyearsofastormymarriage,Cewedecidedtoendit.19.Theboxes,beingmuseumquality,wouldhaveincreasedinworthoverthe

9、years,andmadepeoplerememberme“withgrowingappreciation.”20.Smashingamirrorisnowaytomakeanuglypersonbeautiful,norisitawaytomakesocialproblemsevaporate.21.HehadaboutasmuchchanceofgettingajobasofbeingchosenmayorofChicago.22，“你真是不到黄河不死心。”她低声地说，无可奈何地摇摇头。（寒夜）Itisalonglanethathadnoturning.Wecannotestimateth

10、evalueofmodernsciencetoomuch.Atthedoortotherestaurant,astunning,porcelain-facedwomanintraditionalcostumeaskedmetoremovemyshoes.TheratherarrestingspectacleoflittleoldJapanadriftamidbeigeconcreteskyscrapersistheverysymboloftheincessantstrugglebetweenthekimonoandtheminiskirt.27.千字比十字只多一小撇，不是差不多嘛？28，我们尽

11、忙着鸡毛蒜皮的事儿，还没有顾得上呢。（新儿女英雄传）29，“八字没有一撇呢”30、三个人品字式坐了，随便谈了几句（子夜）2，归化和异化翻译的归化/异化(domesticatingtranslationandforeignizingtranslation)是在1995年由美国学者L.Venuti(文努迪)所提出的，Venuti十分欣赏布朗绍的名言：“翻译是纯粹的差异游戏：翻译总得涉及差异，也掩饰差异，同时又偶尔显 露差异，甚至经常突出差异。这样，翻译本身就是这差异的活命化身。”在他看来，差异在翻译中被弱化的原因有二：首先，长久以来，翻译的讨论被遮蔽了，它在目的语坐标的价值体系中处于边缘化地位，差

12、异非但没有活现，反而处于融化的过程之中。其次，英国和英语的价值标准，在战后形成了全球性的优势，从而更加确定了英美国家主义文化的语境。这种语境只接受在意识形态上符合英美文化的意识形态的外语文本。正是在这样一种背景下，归化的翻译为了迎合接受者的口味，总是依照译入语的特定的政治、文化、意识形态的规范对译入文本进行调整，弱式文化只得听从英美文化的摆弄，成为殖民者进行文化殖民的工具。（参见Venuti1992）归化翻译的最大特点就是采用流畅地道的英语进行翻译，在这类翻译中，翻译者的努力被流畅的译文所掩盖，译者为之隐形，不同文化之间的差异也被掩盖，目的语主流文化价值观取代了译入语文化价值观，原文的陌生感已

13、被淡化，译作由此而变得透明。从后殖民理论吸取营养的异化翻译策略则将归化翻译视为帝国主义的殖民和征服的共谋，是文化霸权主义的表现。所以，Venuti提倡异化的翻译策略。根据这一策略，译者和译语读者在翻译的过程中努力摆脱来自强势文化的羁绊。异化翻译并不应理解为对应的翻译，它并不能提高译文的忠实性。后殖民学者Robinson认为异化翻译与直译和逐字翻译相关联，只是没有直译那么极端，因为他们并不坚持在翻译中恪守原文句法序列中的个别词语的意义，但却坚持要保留原味。（参见王东风，2002：26）在异化翻译中，新的东西可能会加进去，从而达到凸现译者的身份，提高翻译的地位，并且对翻译的文化霸权进行有力的回击。

14、归化策略（domesticatingmethod）归化是采用民族中心主义态度，是外语文本符合译语的文化价值观，把原作者带入译语文化。译者在翻译的时候，心中既要想着原作及原作作者，尽可能的把原文的内容和风格准确而生动的表达出来；同时，译者还要想着译文的读者，翻译出来的东西要尽可能接近读者，便于读者理解和接受。例如：Loveme,lovemydog.爱屋及乌。alionintheway拦路虎lickonesboots拍马屁Diamondcutsdiamond棋逢对手Aflashinapan昙花一现Haveonefootinthegrave风烛残年Togrowlikemushrooms雨后春笋One

15、boyisaboy,twoboyshalfaboy,threeboysnobody一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃。练习：请用“归化”的翻译方法,翻译下面几句话：LeadadogslifeJackofalltradesAdrownedratLetthecatoutofthebag.Everydoghashisday.Dontshedcrocodiletearstome;youknowyouarereallygladthattheyremetwithmisfortune.Yourhonor,Iconfessthecorn.Iwasroyallydrunk.Dontplayyoura

16、ceintheholeuntilthecriticalmoment.Thegravytrainisjustnotforme.GeorgeWashingtonadoptedaFabianpolicyduringthewarofIndependence.采取归化策略进行翻译时,以下几种汉语成语不宜使用映中华民族特殊习俗的如：“拂袖而去”；“腰缠万贯”；“罄竹难书”等有汉字特征的如：“目不识丁”；“八字没一撇”等含有中国地名的如：“稳如泰山”；“黔驴技穷”；“夜郎自大”；“洛阳纸贵”等含有中国人名的如：“名落孙山”；“江郎才尽”；“事后诸葛亮”等异化策略(foreignizingmethod)异化是

17、指对文化价值观的偏离主义的压力下，接受外语文本的语言及文化差异，把读者带入外国情境。异化译法的核心，就是尽量传译原文的“异质因素”，具体说来，就是要尽量传达原作的异域文化特色，异语语言形式，以及作者的异常写作手法。异化可以在语音层上出现。例如：ballet译作“芭蕾舞”cigar译作“雪茄”laser过去译成“莱塞”，现译作“镭射”、“激光”目前大街小巷都风行的“卡拉0K”等。异化可以在词语层出现。例如：“crocodiletears”译作“鳄鱼的眼泪”“anolivebranch”译作“橄榄枝”“sourgrapes”译作“酸葡萄”“thecoldwar”译作“冷战”等等。异化可以在句子结构

18、层次出现。朱生豪翻译的莎士比亚戏剧是公认的佳译，其中就运用了不少“欧化句式”例如：在哈姆雷特第一幕第三场中，波洛涅斯告诫女儿不要轻信哈姆雷特时说：“YouspeaklikeagreengirlUngiftedinsuchperilouscircumstance”朱生豪将其译为：“你讲的话完全像是一个不曾经历过这种危险的不懂事的女孩子。”异化揭示了深层含义，又再现了原文的表层形式，一方面丰富和完善了汉语的表达力，使表达意思的手段更准确，更多样化；另一方面，也为我们了解西方文化打开了一扇窗户。练习：请用“异化”的翻译方法翻译下面十个句子。ArmedtoteethMeetonesWaterlooDa

19、rkhorseCrocodiletearsIvorytowerHelookedcoolinhisnewclothes.Thisisthelastsupperinourcollegelife.Thecoldwarbetweenthehusbandandwifeendedwhenthehusbandfoundabetterjob.ThefearthattheBlackMondaymightreturnsoonalarmedtheseWallStreeters.Thewealthhehadboastedforyearsturnedouttobetheemperorsnewclothes.十种翻译技巧

20、了解完四种翻译方法后，我们再来了解一下十种常用翻译技巧，即重复法(repetition),增词法(amplification),省略法(omission),词类转换法(conversion),词序调整法(inversion),拆译法(division),合译法(combination),正说反译和反说正译法(negation),语态变换法(voicechanges)，引申法(extension)和句子成分转译法。重复法(repetition)重复法(repetition)是在翻译中，为了使译文忠实于原文并且产生意义明确，文字通顺、流畅，符合目的语习惯的文字，而将某一部分文字反复使用的翻译技巧。

21、例子：Youmustaskthemotherathome,thechildreninthestreet,theordinarymaninthemarketandlookattheirmouth,howtheyspeak,andtranslatethatway;thentheyllunderstandandseethatyourespeakeimngintGoertmhan.（重复谓语动词）Wehavetoanalyzeandsolveproblems.（重复宾语）Ignoranceisthemotheroffearaswellasofadmiration.（重复省略的部分）Butwestill

22、havedefects,andverybigones.（指代内容的重复）Thedogischasingthecatwhichischasingaratwhichishavingapieceofcheeseinitsmouth.（指代内容的重复）判断我们各方面工作的是非得失，归根到底，要以是否有利于发展社会主义的生产力，是否有利于增强我国的综合国力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平为标准。Ihadexperiencedoxygenand/orenginetrouble.Thethreemostimportanteffectsofanelectriccurrentareheating,magnetic

23、andchemicaleffects.Alternatingstressnotonlyvariesinmagnitudebutalsoindirection.10，Buthiswifekeptdinninginhisearsabouthisidleness,hiscarelessness,andtheruinhewasbringingonhisfamily.11,Sleepismostgracefulinaninfant;soundest,inonewhohasbeentiredintheopenair;completest,totheseamanafterahardvoyage;mostwe

24、lcome,tothemindhauntedwithoneidea;mosttouchingtolookat,intheparentthathaswept;lightest,intheplayfulchild;proudest,inthebrideabored.增词法（amplification）在翻译中为了使译文通顺易懂，或是为了行文生动，更符合目的与的语言习惯而采取的增加部分解释性词语、连接词、类属词、概括性词语和代词的做法叫增词法（amplification）。Thesubsequentgenerationsofthisfamilygrewimpoverishedbyacombinati

25、onofdrought,extortion,andtoomanygiftstooperagirls,allofwhichledtotheirlosingfaceandtheirproperty.Themensquattedintheirdark-coloredlogyis,theever-presentcherootsclenchedbetweentheirteeth.HisconsiderationoftheBiblewiththelanguageofordinarypeopleandhisconsiderationoftranslationintermsoffocusingontheTLa

26、ndtheTTreaderwerecrucialinhistranslation.Thisplanwithallitsdisadvantagesisconsideredtobeoneofthebest.Flowersbloomallovertheyard.Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;writinganexactman.不要重复叶公好龙那个故事，讲了多少年的社会主义，临到社会主义跑来找他，她又害怕起来了。(毛泽东选集，第五卷)Dayafterdayhecametohisworksweeping,scrubbing,cleaning.9,一个篱

27、笆三个桩，一个好汉三人帮。10,三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。省略法(omission)省略法(omission)是为了行文的简洁和更符合目的与习惯，将一些重复的词语或一些已被涵盖的意义省去的翻译方法，而原文的意义并未因此受到任何损失。Whenshecouldnolongerdecide,shebecamedepressed.WheneverDwightpickedupthebabytotakehimtohisplaceortothedoctorsforacheckup,shefeltrelief.Rupertwithhisflexibleyoungkneessatinahunch-and-cr

28、ouchposeinimitationofthenatives.Stainlesssteelpossessgoodhardnessandhighstrength.Penicillinworksbynotallowingabacteriumtobuilditscellwall.Thisisthesolidrockybottomundertheoozeandmudoftheoceanfloor.Thereisa30%increaseofourinstalledcapacitywiththisyear.在工作中，我们必须避免犯不必要的的错误。&质子带阳电，电子带阴电，而中子既不带阳电也不带阴电。He

29、puthishandintohispocketsandthenshruggedhisshoulders.Smokingisnotallowedinthestore-house.11，匪军所至，杀戮人民，奸淫妇女，焚毁村庄，掠夺财物，无所不用其极。前怕龙后怕虎的态度不能造就干部。我们党结束了那个时期的社会动荡和纷扰不安的局面。这种人闹什么东西呢？闹名誉，闹地位，闹出风头。(毛泽东选集三卷，779页)词类转换法(conversion)词类转换法(conversion)是基于两种语言习惯的不同，在翻译中保留词语意义而改变此类的做法。MayaAngeloureturnedtoAmericain1964

30、,withtheintentionofhelpingMalcolmbuildhisnewOrganizationofAfricanAmericanUnity.ShortlyafterherarrivalintheUnitedStates,Malcolmwasassassinated,andhisplansforaneworganizationdiedwithhim.His(Dr.MartinLutherKing,Jr.)assassination,fallingonherbirthdayin1968,leftherdevastated(蹂躏，破坏；使荒废).Thereisapopularbel

31、iefamongparentsthatschoolsarenolongerinterestedinHewaspopularWeweremostimpressedbythefactthateventhosepatientswhowerenottoldof学生们都应该德、智、体全面发展。由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。Theimitationoflivingsystems,beitdirectorindirect,isveryusefulfordevisingmachines,hencetherapiddevelopmentofbionics.AbrahamLincoln

32、wantedtobuildagovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,andforthepeople.Someofmyclass-matesaregoodsingers.Partyofficialsworkedlonghoursonmeagerfood,incoldcaves,bydimlamps.Stevensonwaseloquentandelegantbutsoft.TheWildefamilywerereligious.Heisnosmoker,buthisfatherisachain-smoker.他的讲演给听众的印象深刻。该厂的产品的主要特点是工艺精湛，经

33、久耐用。她在最后一幕里占了突出的地位。19，会议没能取得一致意见就结束了。顺序调整法(inversion)为避免字对字，行对行翻译所产生的弊端，翻译中要根据目的与习惯进行词序和句内结构的调整，但顺序调整后的译文不能偏离原文的句子重心。DuringtheearlyhistoryoftheUnitedStates,amanvirtuallyownedhiswifeandchildrenashedidhismaterialpossessions.Themedicalprofessionisanexampleofchangedattitudesinthe19thand20thcenturiesabou

34、twhatwasregardedassuitableworkforwomen.3,Italsoplaysanimportantroleinmakingtheearthmorehabitable,aswarmoceancurrentsbringmildertemperaturestoplacesthatwouldotherwisebequitecold.Timegoesfastforonewhohasasenseofbeauty,whenthereareprettychildreninapoolandayoungDianaontheedge,toreceivewithwonderanything

35、youcatch!whilethepresentcenturywasinitsteens,andononesunshinymorninginJune,theredroveuptothegreatirongateofMissPinkertonsacademyforayoungladies,onChiswickMall,alargefamilycoach,withtwofathorsesinblazingharness,drivenbyafatcoachmaninathree-corneredhatandwig,attherateoffourmilesanhour.Thedinofthestall

36、-holderscryingtheirwares,ofdonkey-boysandportersclearingawayforthemselvesbyshoutingvigorously,andwould-bepurchasersarguingandbargainingiscontinuousandmakesyoudizzy.Bakeristypicalofmanytranslationscholarswhomakedetaileduseoftheterminologyoffunctionalgrammaranddiscourseanalysisinthatshedevotesbyfarthe

37、mostattentiontothetextualfunction.Linguisticdifferencesareofcourseindicativeofculturaldifferences,andVenutiisonecriticwhoseeslinguistics-orientedapproachesasprojectingaconservativemodeloftranslationthatwouldundulyrestrict(translations)roleinculturalinnovationandchange.Manyman-madesubstancesarereplac

38、ingcertainnaturalmaterialsbecauseeitherthequantityofthenaturalproductscannotmeetourever-increasingrequirement,ormoreoften,becausethephysicalpropertyofthesyntheticsubstance,whichisthecommonnameforman-madematerials,havebeenchosen,andevenemphasized,sothatitwouldbeofthegreatestuseinthefieldsinwhichitist

39、obeapplied.中国人也好，外国人也好，死人也好，活人也好，对的就是对的，不对的就是不对的。,11,能不能尽快的把科学技术搞上去，这是一个关系到社会主义建设的全局，关系到我们国家命运与前途的大问题。12,Springhassomuchmorethanspeech_initsunfoldingflowersandleaves,andthecoursingofitsstreams,andinitssweetrestlessseeking!(JohnGalsworthy:Theappletree)拆译法(division)与合译法(combination)这种方法是指为符合汉语流水句的习惯而将

40、英语中过长的句子结构进行拆解或合并的翻译方法。Thisintuitionthatlooksmatterlittlemaybeanotherinstanceofourdenyingrealinfluencesuponus,forthereisnowafiledrawerfullofresearchstudiesindicatingThepresident,ingivingtohismostpowerfulandmostdistinguishedrivalthegreatestplacewhichapresidenthasinhispowertobestow,gaveanexcellentproo

41、fofThiswillbeparticularlytruesinceenergypinchwillmakeitdifficulttocontinueagricultureinhigh-energyAmericanfashionthatmakesitpossibletocombinefewfarmerswithhighyields.Hedidnotrememberhisfatherwhodiedwhenhewasthreeyearsold.Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhoisraisedinanenvironmentwheretherearemanystimu

42、liwhichdevelophisorhercapacityforappropriateresponseswillexperiencegreaterintellectualdevelopment.Sunraysfilteredinwherevertheycould,drivingoutdarknessandchokingtheshadows.7.中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。8.Myfatherwasnotwronginjudgingmetooyoungtomanagebusinessofimportance.9Shes

43、atwithherhandscuppingherchin,staringatacornerofthelittlekitchen.10.Themilitaryisforbiddento“kill”thevessel,arelativeeasytask.Hewasveryclean.Hismindwasopen.芸作新妇，初甚缄默，终日无怒容，与之言，微笑而已。如今没奈何，把你雇在间壁人家放牛，每月可以得他几两银子，你又有现成饭吃，只在明日就要去了。（吴敬梓儒林外史）14，Thesunwascomingoverthehills.Abassjumped,makingacircleinthewater

44、.Nicktrailedhishandinthewater.Itfeltwarminthesharpchillofthemorning.15,Nostretchofimaginationcouldvisualizeanythinghalfsolovely.16，Itsgleamingsandsandbackdropofpinewoodsanddistanthillsgiveitapleasantandrestfulatmosphere.17,Dawnmethimwellalongtheway.Itaspleasantuneventfulride.18，Hecrasheddownonaprote

45、stingchair.她已经洗完了衣服，坐在小溪边的石头上撩起布衫揩脸上的汗水。20，但他性情不同，既不求官爵，又不交纳朋友，终日闭户读书。21，年岁不好，柴米又贵；这几件旧衣服和旧家伙，当的当了，卖的卖了；只靠着我替人家做些针指生活寻来的钱，如何供得你读书？（吴敬梓儒林外史）22，ItwasinvainthattheoldladyaskedherifshewasawareshewasspeakingtoMissPinkerton.（W.M.Thackray:VanityFair）华大妈在枕头底下掏了半天，掏出一包洋钱，交给老栓，（C）老栓接了，抖抖的装入衣袋，又在上面按了两下，便点上灯笼，吹

46、灭灯盏，走向里屋去了（C）。她一手提着竹篮，内中一个破碗，空的一手拄着一支比她更长的竹竿，下端开了裂，她分明已经纯乎是一个乞丐了。25,Kingsandbearsoftenworrykeepers.7正说反译和反说正译法(negation)这种方法是指为照顾目的语习惯，原语中肯定的或否定的表达可以转换成目的语中否定的或肯定的表达。Onebyone,thesefriends,acquaintances,andstrangersfromthedifferenttimesofmyshortenedlifestoodbythecaskettosayfarewell,adieu,zaijen.Andbe

47、foreMarlenacouldlashintohimforsuchacallousremark,heaimedhisfingertowardtheothersideofthelobby.Themajorreasongivenwasthatthegirlsownexpectationsdeclinedbecauseneithertheirfamiliesnortheirteachersexpectedthemtoprepareforafutureotherthanthatofmarriageandmotherhood.Themethodofscientificinvestigationisno

48、thingbuttheexpressionofthenecessarymodeofworkingofthehumanmind.Itisnolessthanblackmailtoasksuchahighprice.Youcannotattachtoomuchimportancetothematter.Heisnolesscleverthanhisbrother.Themanoverthereisnoneotherthanourprincipal.9无论如何，她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。10,ImblestifIknow.Hewasanindecisivesortofpersonandalways

49、capricious.MissFairliekepttoherroomallday.13,油漆未干14，他新雇来的女佣人懒得出奇，饭量到很大，真是一个无用而又累赘的东西。15,.Herhusbandhatestoseeherstonyface.16，Heknewhewasmortallyill.8语态变换法(voicechanges)英语被动句多与汉语，因而翻译是要进行相应的语态调整。InsomeoftheEuropeancountries,thepeoplearegiventhebiggestsocialbenefitssuchasmedicalinsurance.2，Therobotsif

50、terhasbeenputintouse.Theshellpartsofreactorpressurevesselshavebeenoftenfabricatedwithformedplatesweldedtogether.Allthesoundsarefedintoacomputerandanalyzed.Itwouldbeastonishingifthatlosswerenotkeenlyfelt.Theyweregivenaheartywelcome.IwassoimpressedbythesewordsthatIusedthemlaterforaChristmascard.Lastye

51、artheregionwasvisitedbytheworstdroughtin60years.TheshipwasdestinedforLondon.Rainbowsareformedwhensunlightpassesthroughsmalldropsofwaterinthesky.9引申法ItisnoteasytobecomeamemberofthatclubtheywantpeoplewhohaveDogsdontspeakinthefuturetense.Theyliveinthemoment.Ivisitedvariouspartsofmyowncountry;andhadImer

52、elyaloveroffinescenery,Ishouldhavefeltlittledesiretoseekelsewhereitsgratification,foronnocountryhavethecharmsofnaturebeenmoreprodigallylavished.Hermightylakeslikeoceansofliquidsilver;hermountainswiththeirbrightaerialtints;hervalleys,teemingwithwildfertility;hertremendouscataracts,thunderingintheirso

53、litudes;herboundlessplains,wavingwithspontaneousverdure;herbroaddeeprivers,rollinginsolemnsilencetotheocean;hertracklessforests,wherevegetationputsforthallitsmagnificence;herskies,kindlingwiththemagicofsummercloudsandglorioussunshine,no,neverneedanAmericanlookbeyondhisowncountryforthesublimeandbeaut

54、ifulofnaturalscenery.Youthisnotatimeoflife;itisastateofmind;itisnotamatterofrosycheeks,redlipsandsuppleknees;itisamatterofthewill,aqualityoftheimagination,avigoroftheemotions;itisthefreshnessofthedeepspringsoflife.Everylifehasitsrosesandthorns.NewYorkisnotMeccatome.7，郭彩娣笑了，赞赏他的口才说：“说话真会绕弯。”（上海的早晨）8，Long-stemmedmodelsankledthroughthelobby.9、Haiegazesthoughtfullyathisgreatpawsandwinksatme.Thethrashingwasthehighwatermarkofhislife.Hetellsmeheoftendreamsofit（BrickRemarque:）10，Theprojectisaneconomicalbatrossfromthestart11，她怕碰一鼻子灰，话到嘴边，他又把它吞了下去。12，为头一人，头戴武巾，身穿团花线袍，白净面皮，三绺髭须，真有龙凤之表。（儒林外传）13,那柳湘莲