中考英语专题复习 专题十三 构词法讲义

1、专题十三构词法构词法 由于近3年中考对词汇的考查呈现多样性，要求考生不再死记硬背单词表，培养其对一些单词的构成法则的认识，故现在单独列出来做以下讲解。构词法的几种转换形式如下：1.名词 形容词如：danger dangerous2.动词 名词如：act activity3.动词 形容词如：help helpful4.形容词 名词如：different difference5.形容词 副词如：happy happily构词法主要方式例词转化法（把一种词性用作另一种词性，而词形不变）名词 动词rain雨 下雨形容词 动词clean干净的 打扫形容词 名词Chinese中国的 中国人动词 名词coo

2、k烹饪 厨师合成法（把两个独立的单词合在一起构成新词）名词+名词book+shelf bookshelf书架副词+动词over+come overcome克服名词+形容词home+sick homesick思乡派生法（在词前或词后加前缀或后缀构成新词）前缀+词根un+important unimportant 不重要的 词根+后缀visit+or visitor参观者前缀前缀意义例词前缀意义例词re-(2017省卷38题)再，重复retellen-使可能enableanti-反对anti-wartele-远程telephonesuper-超级的supermanin-不，非inexpensive

3、im-不impoliteil-不，非illegalir-不irregularun-不unhappynon-不，非non-smokerdis-不dishonest后缀词类后缀例词名词-er/ -or/-n/ -an/-ian/-ese/-ing/-ist/-ment/-ness-ship/-th/-ion/-tion/ -ation/-tyinventor 发明家；musician 音乐家；Chinese 汉语；shopping 购物；artist 艺术家；development 发展；happiness 快乐；friendship 友谊；truth 真理；education 教育；safety

4、 安全词类后缀例词形容词-able/-al/-ed/-en/-ern/-ing/-ive/-ful/-less/-ly/-ous/-yenjoyable 令人愉快的；natural 自然的；surprised 感到惊讶的；wooden 木制的；southern 南方的；surprising 令人惊讶的；active积极的；useful 有用的；useless 无用的；friendly 友好的famous 著名的；sunny 阳光充足的词类后缀例词数词-teen/-ty/-thfifteen 十五;forty 四十；ninth 第九副词-lytruly 真实地；happily 快乐地考点小练1.

5、My fathers T-shirt has (complete) lost its shape.2.Roberts (collect) of prints and paintings has been bought over the years.3.In England, people often talk about the weather because they can (experienced) four seasons in one day.4.We are going to climb the mountain if it is (sun) tomorrow.5.What a (

6、knowledge) person she is! She almost knows everything.6.I have some (difficult) in learning pletelycollectionexperiencesunnyknowledgeabledifficulties7.My grandfathers sunny character has a great (influent) on me in my life.8.Mike gave me a detailed (describe) of this new computer system.9.It is often said that true love never .A. die B. dies C. dead D. death10.We should do morning exercises to keep healthy.A. action B. activity C. active D. actively11.Miss Green is our new foreign teacher. Does she come from ?Yes, she does. She