参考简约版及sc manhattan excel版verb tense,mood voice

1、ManhattanVERB TENSE(Meaning)Keep Verb Tenses Consistent, However, somesenten with more n one action do require you to switch verb tenses.Simple Tenses(In general, the GMAT prefers the simple tenses) expresseternals es or frequent eventsS MPLE PRESENTgeneral definitionsIn a more subtle exe, you can u

2、se the Past Progressive to describe a background event , while you use Simple Past to describe a more important event he foreground (语义不在一个层级)S MPLE PASTa specific, completed time periodSIMPLE FUTUREfuture actionsProgressive Tenses (ongoing,happening right now)Verbs t express general s es do not nor

3、mally take progressive formsPRESENT PROGRESSIVEPAST PROGRESSIVEFUTURE PROGRESSIVEThe Perfect Tenses:If an action began he past and continues o the present (or its effect does ), use the Present Perfect tense. If one action he past precedes another, and need to clarify or emphasize the time sequence,

4、 then use the Past Perfect tense.Still In Effect PRESENT PERFECT=HAVE/HAS + Past Participlethe Present Perfect indicates either continued action or continued effect of acompleted action.Whether it indicates continued action or continued effect. The Present Perfect tense makes a s ement about the pre

5、sent time.for, since, withinThe Ear r Action(also indicate continued effect) PASTPERFECD +Past Participleonly to clarify or emphasize a sequence of past events.BUT if the sequence is already obvious, we often do not need Past Perfect.do not always use the Past Perfect for ear r actions.A sequence of

6、 verbs with the same subject does not require Past Perfect. Rather, use the Simple Past for all the verbs.Clauses linked by and or but do not require the Past Perfea general rule.The words before and after indicate the sequence of events clearly and emphatically enough tomake the use of the Past Per

7、fect unne sary.the lat ast event does not need to be expressed wiSimple Past tense verb. Just use a date or another time reference.Tense SequenceWipast tense reporting verb. move Present to Past. Past to Past Perfect. and Future to Conditional ( t is. will to would).CONDITIONAL TENSE,which is formed

8、 by combining would with the base form of the verb .The helverb would expresses the future from the pasts po of view.Present + FuturePast + ConditionalVERB MOOD(Meaning)Indicative Mood陈述语气Imperative Mood祈使语气Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气The Hypothetical Subjunctive:Unlikely or unreal conditions (usually after

9、 if, as if,as though or a similar word)The basic form of the Hypothetical Subjunctive is equivalenr to the Simple Past of every verb, with one exception . For the verb to be , the form were is always used.Sentent use the word if do not always use the Hypothetical Subjunctive.Note t the actual word t

10、hen is frequently omitted. Also, the if clause does no ve to appear he sentence.General Rule with no uncerta y: IF Present, THEN PresentThe heverbs would and should should NEVER gohe if part of the sentence!General Rule with some uncerta y: IF Present, THEN Can or MayParticular Case ( he future) wit

11、h no uncerta y: IF Present/Present Perfect, THEN Future.Unlikely Case ( he future): (Could 可以替代Would)IF Hypothetical Subjunctive, THEN Conditional.Case t Never Happened ( he past):IF Past Perfect, THEN Conditional Perfect.ThedSubjunctive Pro als, desires, and requests formed with certainsy verbs and

12、 the word t. l people todo things(muore important on the GMAT n the Hypothetical Subjunctive.)This form is also known as the Bare Form of the verb: the infinitive without the to .Like the Simple Present, with two exceptions : (1) there is no -S on for third singular and (2) the form of the verb to b

13、e isalways just be ,sy Verb +T + subject +dSubjunctive Never use Should in place of adSubjunctive.Common Verbs t take ONLY thed Subjunctive: demand, dic e, insist, mandate, pro e,mend, request, stipulate, suggestIf a sentence includes a demand , look either for an infinitive or fort followed byd Sub

14、junctive.Verbs t take ONLY the Infinitive advise, allow, forbid, persuade, wantVerbs t take EITHER thed Subjunctive OR the Infinitive:ask, beg, end, order, prefer, urge, requireprohibitfromngThed Subjunctive cso be used with nouns derived fromsy Verbs, such as a demand or a request .thed Subjunctive

15、 issible with It is Xt in which X is an adjective, such as essential , t conveys urgency. It is X is not commonly tested on the GMAT.Other adjectives conveying urgency include advisable, cru l desirable, fitting, imperative, important, mandatory;ne sary,preferable, urgent , and vital . Note also can

16、 use an infinitivehese constructions.VERB VOICE(Meaning)Active VoiceNotet you do no ve to make active or passive voice parallel throughout a sentence. However, if all other i es are solved equally well in two senten , choose the sentencet ma ains parallelism of voice rather n the sentence t does not

17、.Passive VoiceThe passive voice is formed wiform of the verb to be , followed by the past participle .Whoever actually performs the action he sentence may follow the verb in a phrase headed by the pre ition byOnly Transitive Verbs (verbs t take direct objects) can be written in the passive voice.avo

18、id answer choi written inthe passive voice when the passive voice contributes tounne sary wordiness or confu .Do not automatically dismiss choiin passive voice.1)强调的重点是被做的对象 2)未划线部分的by who是语态的标志Hel Verbs:BE DO HAVEuse heverbs to stand for longer verbs or verb phrases.Theinstance of the verb should u

19、sually match the helverbense. If you need to change tenses , repeat the whole verb he new tense. he rare cases in which the tenses do not need to match, the exact verb form missing after the helverb should be presen sewherehe sentence.Wrong: Our cars were designed to inspire envy, and they ARE. Righ

20、t: Our cars were designed to inspire envy, and they DO.Theynspire is fine, but they ARE inspire is not grammatical. For they ARE to work, the form inspiring would need to be present he sentence.Notet the helverbs be , do and have stand for theitive form of a verb phrase, even if the full verb phrase

21、 expressed elsewhere he sentence is negative.Modal HeVerbs:can , could , may , might , must ,shall , should , will and would .these verbs should not be used erchangeably .Sometimes the GMAT uses modal verbs (or their substitutes, such as have to for must ) in a redundant or awkward manner. The idea

22、of obligation or advisability may already be expressed elsewhere, or the modal verb may be placed he wrong part of the sentence.Some senteninclude the construction be to in order to indicate obligation or future time. Since the form is ambiguous, theGMAT avoids it. Use will or should instead, depend

23、ing on the ended meaning.Finally, express a condition by using the word if , not by inverting the subject and adding a modal verb such as should . This inverted construction is considered awkward by the GMAT.Verbals An OverviewInfinitivesInfinitives may serve as nouns , adjectives , or adverbs 做主语修饰

24、语Whether you use in order to or not, you should pay attention to infinitives of pure.Note t infinitives can be used as nouns, but they are not very noun-like structures. Infinitives 911 be used abjects of verbs, but in general you should tpone an infinitive subject using an Placeholder tInfinitives cannot be