八年级下知识精讲精练（综合）6

1、（英语提高培训）中考综合复习八年级下知识点精讲精练（6）语法精析 1.现在完成进行时 构成: 肯定句:主语+have/has been+doing 否定句:主语+have/has+not+been+doing has not= _; have not=_一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+been+doing? Yes, .has/have. No, hasnt/havent概念： 现在完成进行时表达“某一动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，有可能还要持续下去”，现在完成进行时的句子中多用延续性动词，如:live, learn, study,work等。 (1)I have been learnin

2、g English for ten years.我学英语 已经十年了。 ( 2 )She has been skating for four hones.到现在为止她 滑冰已经有四个小时了。 (3)I have been collecting stamps since I was ten years old.我从十岁起就一直在集邮。 在这几个句子中，have和has是助动词，疑问形式需把助动词提前，否定形式在have或has后面加not, have not和 has not可以分别缩写成haven、和hasnt，如: (1)_ you been doing your homework sinc

3、e this morning?从今天早晨起你就一直在写作业吧? ( 2 ) _ he been writing the letters to his friend?他一直在给他的朋友写信吗? (3) I _ been seeing films for a long time.我有很长时间没有看电影了。 (表明没有看电影这个动作从过去一直持续到现在 还要继续持续下去。) 2.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别: (1)现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时侧重的是动作的持续进行。 Eg. I have read a book about birds.(已经读完) I have been rea

4、ding a book about birds.(一直都在读，现在还在读，有可能会继续读下去 (2)两种时态都有延续性，但现在完成时往往只说明 个事实，一种影响或结果，无感情色彩;现在完成进行时 表示一个动作的延续、重复，有时有一定的感情色彩。 Eg. She has been singing all the day.她都唱了一整天 了。(抱怨、厌烦) 用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. He _ (read) this book for two hours. 2. We _ (skate) since two years ago.3. Julia_ (study) in China since

5、she came to China.4. He_ (try) to pass the exam all month.5. How long _you _ (teach) here?6. I_ music since I was (be) ten years old.根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. The game _fortwo hours (持续了两个小时)2. Ive been playing football _seven and a half years.(七年半)3.他一直在写作文。He _ a composition. 4.我们听录音已经有半个小时了。We _ to the tape

6、-re-cording for half an hour.5.下了两天雪了 It_ for two days.6.从五点开始我一直在滑冰。 I _since five oclock.句型转换1. Alison has been skating for five hours.（提问）_ _ _ Alison _ skating?2. Ive been studying English for two years. (同义句) Ive been studying English _ two years _.3. He has been living here since his year.(一般疑

7、问句) _ he _ living here since last year. 4. Jack plays football.(for three years 改写句子 ) Jack _ football for three years.5. These workers have been building this ship. （划线提问） _have these workers been _ ?6. 1 have been collecting pens for 5 years. (同义句) I have been collecting pens _ 5 years _.7. Leo st

8、arted to swim about five years ago. (改为现在完成进行时) Leo _ _ swimming for 5 years .8. She has been reading for two hours. （划线提问） _ _ has she been reading?9. They began to learn French two years ago. They are still studying it now. (合并成为一句) They_ _learning French for two years.知识点精讲1. anyone _任何其他人 If you

9、 know _ who collects kites, please tell me. A. anyone elseB. else anyone C. someone else D. else someone2. the more，the more越就越 (中考)-Remember this, John. _careful you are, _mistakes you will make. -Thanks, Miss Rose. A. The more;the less B. The more;the fewer C. The less;the fewer D. The more;the mo

10、re3.a pair of+可数名词复数，“一双，一对，一副， 一条 a _ of _; 一双鞋two_ of sunglasses两副太阳镜 This pair of pants _(be) too expensive这条裤子太贵了。 Those pairs of shoes _(be) nice.那几双鞋很漂亮。 My sister bought _ _in that shop. A. a pair of shoesB. pairs of shoe C. a pair of shoe D. a pair of shoes4. since自从，自以来(1) since+过去的一个时间点(如具

11、体的年、月、日 期、钟点、1980，last month，half past six)。 I have been here _ 1989. (2) since+一段时间+ago I have been here _five months ago. ( 3 ) since+从句 从句动词用一般过去时，主句用现在 完成时，动词需用延续性动词。 She has worked here since she _(leave) school.自从毕业以 来她就在这儿工作。I have been swimming _I was five years. A. forB. since C. when D. be

12、fore (4) It is+一段时间+since从句 从句动词用一般过去时It is five years since I _(begin) to study English.我已经学 英语5年了。 5.each, every意思相近，经常可以互用，但在下列情况下有差别， (1)each重点指单个的个体，而every重点强调整体。 Read _ word carefully.认真朗读每个单词( 虽调个 体)。，; _ student in our school works hard.我们学校的学 生都很用功。(弹弹调整体) (2) each既可单独使用，也可后接名词，还可后接of短 语;而e

13、very后必须接名词，既不能单独使用也不能后接of 短语。 _ is good.每个都很好。(不能用every) _of the students has a book.每个学生都有一本书。 (不能用every) ._ of them has a nice room. A. Both B. All C.Each D. Every(3) each指两者或两者以上的“每个”，every指三者或 三者以上“每个”，因此指两者时只能用each. There are some trees on _ side of the road.路两边都有树。 (4) each既可用作形容词，又可用作代词，在句中可以

14、 作定语、主语、宾语、同位语、状语等。 Each student _(have) his own dictionary.(形容词，定语) Each _(have) his good point.(代词，主语)， Our teacher had a talk with each of us.(代词，宾语)The students each have a desk.(代词，同位语) The children can have a bag each.(副词，状语) We _ a nice cake. A. each have B. each has C. every hasD. every have

15、6. How long, how often与how soon (1) how long的意思是“有多长”，用来提问有多长时间，答语通常是用for +more than two weeks等表示一段时间的话。 Eg. - -_ _are you going to stay here?你打算在这里呆多久? -Five days. 5天。 -_ _did he live in China?他在中国住了多长时旬? -More than two years.两年多。(2010)-_were you away from school last term? More than two weeks. A.

16、How often B. How long C. How soon How long have you been staying here? -_ twenty minutes. A. Since B. For C. At D. In (2) how often的意思是“多长时间一次”，用来提问在某一特定的时间内进行某个动作的次数，答语通常是never,sometimes,quite often. usually,three times a year等表示频 度的副词或短语。 Eg. _ _ do you go to the library? 你多长时间去 一次图书馆? -Once a day

17、一天一次。I wonder _youll water this kind of tree. Once a week. A. how often B. how long C. how soon D. how much (3 )how soon 目来询问“需要多长时间，过多久”，谓语 动词多用终止性动词，即某一动作要花多长时间才能完或发生，常与将来时连用，答语常用in a week/ month/ year等。Eg.- _ _ can you finish the work?你完成那项工 咋还要多久? -Maybe in three days.大概3天后。 -_ _will he get here

18、他到这儿需要多久？-In half an hour.半小时。 7. certain adj.确实的，=sure , 常用短语及句型: (1) be certain of/about sth.“确信”= be sure of/about sth.Are you certain_ this你对此确信无疑吗? =(2 ) be certain to do/of doing sth.肯定会做某事 = be sure to do/of doing sth.一She is certain _ get here before we leave.她一定会在我 们离开之前到这儿。 (3) be certain+

19、that从句“确信”= be sure+that从句Im _ that we can get the first prize.我敢肯定我们 会得第一名。 8. (1)miss，.v. “想念、思念” miss sb I _my parents very much.我很想念我的父母。 ( 2 ) miss v. 错过miss sth. / miss doing sth.错过某/ 做某事 I missed the early bus. = I missed_( catch) the early bus.我错过了早班车。 9. have problems/trouble with sth. = ha

20、ve a hard/ difficult time with sthhave problems/trouble doing sth. = have a hard/ difficult time doing sth. “做某事有困难”I have problems_( learn) math我学数学很 困难。 =I have problems_ math.即时演练（2013南开中考）VIII. 短文填空。（每空2分，共16分）根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。According to the countdown（倒计时）of the High School En

21、trance Examination（中考，简称HSEE）, there is only 63 days to go before we take the HSEE . Here is some useful advice to 78 you to get ready for this great challenge .Habit is the second God .Good habits are so important that one can never succeed 79 them . Now think about your learning habits . Do you always fall asleep in class ? Do you often make stupid mistakes in your homework ? Do you make the same mistakes again and again ? If 80 , Im afraid you have to develop good habits in order to make progress .Revision（复习）helps a lot .You have to know that revisio