医学英语教学课件medical termilology

1、Medical English?Whats the main difference between PublicEnglish and Specialized English(medical English) ?grammar ,sentential formor medical termsMedical TerminologyHow many medical words are there in a medium-sized medical dictionary?around 100,000 words Eg.Laryngotraeheobronchitisendocrinologyelec

2、trocardiogramThere are tools， however， that Can aid in learning and remembering medical terms and even helP in making informed guesses as to the meaning Of unfamiliar Words Furthermore，their numbers are limited， about400-500 or so(the most active ones)， but the combinations derived from them are eno

3、rmous Medical Terminology-word elementsMedical TerminologySo， tO learn how tO use these tools is much more efficient and meaningful than tO try tO memorize every medical termTeach you how to fish,not give you fishes.Medical Terminologyword elementPrefixrootCombining form Combining vowelSuffixword-fo

4、rmationPronunciation GuidelinesMedical TerminologyThe tools we are going to learn to use are these Greek and Latin parts of words, which are called the root, prefix, combining vowels and combining forms,suffix.PrefixesThe prefix is the beginning of the word. Not all medical terms contain prefixes, b

5、ut the prefix can have an important influence on meaning.Some prefixes:a-,an- (not) anemiahyper(above,excessive) hypertensionRootThe root is the foundation of the word and all medical terms have one or more roots.A word root may be used alone or combined with other elements to form a complete word.I

6、E: SPEAK (word root) + ER (suffix) = SPEAK/ER (complete word)The word root of medical terms usually refers to a body part. Some root words are derived from the Latin or Greek language.毉 覺 學(epiglott/o)lanrynx(lanryg/o)trachea (trache/o)pleura(pleur/o)1abdomen (abdomin/o)lung (pneumon/o ) (lob/o)bron

7、cus(bronch/o) (alveol/o)tonsil(tonsil/o) chest(thorac/o)LaryngotraeheobronchitisCombining FormsCorrect pronunciation of medical words is important. In order to make the pronunciation of word roots easier, sometimes it is necessary to insert a vowel after the root.The combination of a word root and a

8、 vowel is known as a COMBINING FORM.Combining vowelA combining vowel IS used to link one root to another root, and before a suffix that begins with a consonant.A combining vowel IS NOT used before a suffix that begins with a vowel.Combining vowelThe combining vowel is usually an “o”, but others may

9、be used just like “I ”(epiglott/o)lanrynx(lanryg/o)trachea (trache/o)pleura(pleur/o)1abdomen (abdomin/o)lung (pneumon/o ) (lob/o)broncus(bronch/o) (alveol/o)tonsil(tonsil/o) chest(thorac/o)nose(nas/o)cheek (bucc/o)tooth (dent/i)mouth(or/o)pharynx (pharyng/o)appendix(appendic/o)cecum(cec/o)ileum(ile/

10、o)jejunum(jejun/o)duodenum (duoden/o)rectum(proct/o)sigmoid(sigmoid/o)colon (col/o, colon/o)pencreas (pencreat/o)intestine(enter/o)tongue(lingu/o)gallbladder (cholecyst/o)SuffixesA suffix is added to the END of a word root or combining form to modify its meaning.By adding a suffix to the end of a wo

11、rd root, we create a different meaning.-itis(inflamation) appendicitis-ist (person) dentistword-formation 1两个词根的结合，如： lymphaden(淋巴结) 2词根与后缀的结合，如：cardiology(心脏病学)，hepatitis(肝炎)3两个(或两个以上)词根与后缀的结合 如： gastr/o/enter/o/logy (胃肠病学) Laryng/o/traehe/o/bronch/itis (喉气管支气管炎)4前缀、词根和后缀的结合，如： pericarditis，5前缀、两个(

12、或两个以上)词根与后缀的结合，如： subabdomin/operitonea1(腹腔腹膜下的) 6两个前缀和词根及后缀的结合，如： hyperendocrinism(内分泌功能亢进)， combining formprefixrootsuffixcombining vowelendo/crin/o/logywithin/innerthe study ofsecretethe study of the human inner secretion from glands (the hormones).ECGelectrocardiogramprefixelectricity Combining

13、VowelWord RootsheartSuffixrecordrecord of electric heart wavesLaryng/o/trache/o/bronch/itisWord rootCombining vowelWord rootsuffixCombining vowelWord rootbronchusLarynxtracheainfectionREVIEWBasic Elements of a Medical Word which are called the root, prefix, combining vowels and combining forms,suffi

14、x.Read the meaning of medical terms from the suffix back to the beginning of the term and acrossDrop the cmbining vowel before a suffix begining with a vowel Keep the combining vowel between two roots or before a suffix beging with a consonant.hematologyelectrocardiographyelectrocardiogramLaryngotracheobronchitisHypoinsulinemiahypertensionantibioticappendectomy医学英语构