新新编大学英语book 3 unit 6 in class reading

1、Unit 6 Man and Animals_ aggression in humans and animals What animal do you like best and why? Group workShare your favorite animal and reasons for your choice. Ask one reporter to report in brief all members talking.Test Your Animal KnowledgeText book P241-243Video-Animal GamesWatch the video and a

2、nswer the following questions1. How many animal nations will compete in the Animal Games? Who are they?2. What events will be coming up in the Games? is the potential champion for the 100-meter event?4. Who host the Games? 5. On what equal terms will all the animals be racing?New words;Firefly 萤火虫Te

3、rrestrial beast 陆栖 动物Cheetah 非洲猎豹Reptile 爬行动物Amphibian 两栖动物Anima GamesText Study Organization AnalysisDetailed ReadingWord StudyOrganization AnalysisPart I (Para. 1-2) Aggression in animals. Part II (Para. 3-4) Aggression in human beings. Part III (Para. 5) Conclusion: Hostility and aggression shoul

4、d be expressed in constructive activity and non-violent competition.Questions and Answers1) Normally neither of the two animals in a fight will be badly hurt, why?2) Why do animals in zoos often become more aggressive than they would be in the wild? Because the loser will save himself by making a ge

5、sture of submission. Animals in zoos are kept in cages. They are probably better fed and cared for, but are evidently bored and frustrated for lack of company. 3) What are the similarities between modern man and caged lion according to some zoologists and psychologists? Mans living conditions in cro

6、wded cities are similar to those of animals in a zoo, which makes the inhabitants unusually aggressive.4) Is aggression always bad for a person?Aggression in itself is not necessarily a bad thing. Some psychologists believe that aggression is a basic human instinct that must be satisfied. If constru

7、ctive means are available to satisfy this instinct, man will turn out to be quite creative.5) What will happen if mans aggression can not be satisfied? He is likely to destroy his own species unless alternative and non-violent ways of expressing aggression can be found.6) According to paragraph 3-4,

8、 two factors are analyzed to account for mans aggression. What are they? Man now lives in crowed conditions and it is becoming more difficult to assert themselves as individuals.7) Why is it growing more and more difficult for people to assert themselves as individuals today?All the work is rather m

9、echanical and there is no chance or possibility to give expression to their own personality or identity.8) How can we eliminate the negative effects of human aggression?International competitions in sports should be organized, or the best designed house or hospital, or the safest car should be desig

10、ned. Detailed ReadingUnderstanding Sentences1. Nevertheless, should a fight follow, neither creature will be badly hurt, for the loser will save himself by making a gesture of submission.if a fight should followHad/were/should + subject +verb+Had I not helped him (=if I had not helped him), he would

11、 have failed in business.Were she my daughter (= if she were my daughter), I could suggest a different plan. Should you need any help (=if you need any help) , you can always phone me at the office2. Normally one animal will only kill another for food, and rarely does an animal kill a member of its

12、own species.In sentences beginning with a negative adverb or a phrase with a negative sense, such as never, seldom, rarely, nowhere, hardly, by no means, under no circumstances, etc, the sentence is usually in an inverted order.A: not, never, nor, neither, nowhere1) I do not believe it, nor can you

13、make me believe it2）.在北朝鲜进行核试验以前，从没有这么多的人关注过它。2) Never before have so many people paid so much attention to North Korean before it made nuclear experiment.B: by no means, in no time, at no time, in no case, on no account, in/under no circumstance, no longer/in no way/on no condition 1) By no means s

14、hould we look down upon the people who are inferior to us.2) n no case are you to leave your post. C: seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely 1) Seldom was our teacher content with our progress in English. 2) Little did she dream that she would marry him.1. A tiger that once came out of the jungle

15、into a village and attacked a man was later found to have an injured paw that had evidently prevented it from hunting its usual prey. 2. If it had not had this disability it would have undoubtedly stayed in the jungle and hunted for food in the customary way.3. If the caged lion, for example, were f

16、ree to wander on the grassy plains of Africa, it would be continually active, ranging over long distances, hunting in family groups.If the human population had not increased so rapidly, people would have had more space and freedom.Translate these sentences:4. In fact, it is growing more and more dif

17、ficult for people to assert themselves as individuals, as towns, nations and organizations become steadily bigger, with authority increasingly centralized and remote. “authority” is increasingly remote because in the case of enormous cities or vast organizations, people in power are not only far awa

18、y geographically, but also surrounded by thousands of bureaucrats (官员).As a result, they are much more inaccessible (无法接近的). 实际上，人类作为个体要想坚持自己的权利和主张已经越来越困难了，因为城镇、国家以及组织机构变得越来越庞大，而权力则变得越发集中，越发遥远了。11.Unable in these conditions to channel their aggression into creative work, people will probably express

19、 it through resentment and anger.Translation“channel into” means “to direct something into a particular place or situation 在这样的条件下，人们无法将自己争强好斗的特性发挥在创造性的工作上，很可能就表现出怨恨、愤怒等情绪。13. Only if hostility and aggression can be expressed in constructive activity and non-violent competition, will the human race

20、be able to survive.1) Only when he had handed in his exam paper, did he realize he had made several grammatical mistakes.2) Only when you lose your health, do you realize its value.aggressive adj. 1. (of people or animals) apt or ready to attack; offensive; quarrelsome （指人或动物）好斗的，挑衅性的，好争吵的 Our milit

21、ary response to the aggressive act was limited but sufficient to show our determination.Word Study2. very determined to succeed or get what one wants 有进取心的，有冲劲的一个积极进取的年轻人在这个公司是会大有作为的。An aggressive young man can go far in this company.adv. aggressively 好斗地；挑衅性地；好争吵地n. aggression 侵略；敌对的情绪或行为；攻击 行动aggr

22、essiveness 敌对情绪n. aggressor (正式；贬义) 侵略者请了解以下常见表达。an aggression upon ones right 侵害某人的权利 commit aggression against 对进行侵略air aggression 侵犯领空; 空中侵袭 commercial / cultural / economic aggression 商业/文化/经济侵略 an aggression on sb.s personal liberty 对某人人身自由的侵犯territorial (adj.) (Line 3, Para. 1) 1) 守卫自身活动地域的；领域

23、性的 2) 领土的；属地的请了解以下常见表达。领土主权 territorial right领土争端 territorial disputes 领土扩张 territorial expansion 领土完整 territorial integrity 地盘性动物territorial animals territory (n.) (Line 3, Para. 1) 1) C; U land ruled by one government 领土；版图 2) area regarded by a person, animal as belonging to it alone 地盘；领地 3) are

24、a of knowledge or activity (知识或活动的)范围，领域请完成下面的句子。Exercise他的研究兴趣甚广。His scientific interests _.他们解放了被占领土。They liberated _.the occupied territoriescover a wide territoryinhabitant n. a person or animal that lives in a particular place 居民，住户1) The inhabitants of the island were friendly.2) His residence

25、 in the town enabled him to vote.3) We joined the residents committee4) They have taken up their residence in a new house.resident n. person who resides in a place (contrast with a visitor) 居民（与visitor相对） Cf. residence n. 1. residing 住，居留 2. place where one resides; house 住处，住宅Complete the following

26、 sentences with the above words: intrude (v.) (Line 3, Para. 1) ( + into, on, upon) bring or come in when not wanted 闯入；侵入；打扰Exercise如果他们很忙，我就不打扰他们了。I dont want to _ them if they are rude on 请完成下面的句子。这一儿时回忆不时地闯入她的脑海。The memory of her childhood _ her mind.kept intruding itself into 他总是把自己的意见强

27、加于人。He is always _ his opinion _ ruding uponintrusion (n.) 闯入；侵入；打扰intruder (n.) 侵入者；闯入者词汇扩充intrusive (adj.) 闯入的；侵入的；打扰的 近义词辨析interfere 指干扰、妨碍别人的行动或某事的进行。常 用作贬义词。intrude 多指未经允许而闯入或对他人事务进行干 涉。interrupt 多用于指突然介入而使正在进行的事情中 断，也可表示阻断、妨碍。请选择 intrude, interfere 或 interrupt 的适当形式完成句子。Exercise一架不明国

28、籍的军用飞机侵入我国领空。An unidentified military plane _ the airspace of our country.敲门声打断了他的思考。A knock at the door _ his concentration.青年人不希望父母过多地干涉自己的事情。Yong people dont want their parents to _too much with their personal erfere intruded into interruptedsubmission (Line 6, Para. 1)submit (v.) 1)

29、( + to) yield oneself; agree to obey 服从；顺从 2) ( + to) offer for consideration 呈送；提交；submission (n.) 1) 服从；顺从 2) 呈送；提交；提出submissive (adj.) 恭顺的；归顺的submissively (adv.) 恭顺地；归顺地T: Hi, boys and girls, how are you going to celebrate the New Years Day?S: Oh, Mr. Smith, were thinking about a masquerade (化妆舞会

30、) party.T: That sounds great. But I am afraid you have to _ (提交计划) to your administrator. 请根据以下模拟语境填空。Exercise学生提交新年晚会计划submit the plan 请根据以下模拟语境填空。ExerciseSon:Mum, I will not _ (服从) because of the following points. First, .Mum:OK. You dont have to _ (服从) to me. But can we discuss？儿子服从父母管教submit mys

31、elf to you show submission instinct n. the natural tendency that a person or animal has to behave or react in a particular way 本能Most animals have an instinct to protect their young.2. a natural feeling that makes one choose to act in a particular way 直觉He had an instinct for picking the best.instin

32、ct forAnimals have a natural instinct for survival.instinct to do somethingBirds have an instinct to build nests. by instinctBirds build nests by instinct.somebodys first instinct (=what someone feels like doing first when something happens)His first instinct was to rush out of the trembling house i

33、nstinctive adj. 本能的，是一种本能1) Animals have an instinctive dread of fire.2) Climbing is instinctive in monkeys.assert (v.) (Line 38, Para. 4) 1) (assert oneself) say clearly what you think 坚持自己的想法、 权利、意见 2) state or declare forcefully 断 言，宣称，声明assertion (n.) ( + that ) a forceful statement or claim 断言；

34、强硬声明assertive (adj.) forceful; expressing strong opinions or claims 断言的； 武断的请完成下面的句子。ExerciseDont be so shy. You need to learn to _. (坚持自己的主张)The Consumer Association tried its best to _. (维护消费者的权利)assert the consumers rightsassert yourselfHe _ that he was not guilty. (一再声明他的无辜)repeated his assertio

35、ns You couldnt fail to notice that _. (那个说话武断的青年人)assertive young man Remote A away from other places or people, and very few people go thereThey moved to a remote farmhouse in North Wales.Synonym: Isolated a long way from other towns, buildings, or people, especially in a quiet place where you are

36、aloneThe area is extremely isolated because of the hills that surround it. Distant a long way from where you areHow can we send our young men off to distant lands to die in foreign wars?B if a chance or possibility of something happening is remote, it is not very likely to happen synonym slightremot

37、e chance/possibility Theres a remote chance that you can catch him before he leaves . Remote Remote C unfriendly, and not interested in people She was a remote, quiet woman.turn to somebody/something A to try to get help, advice, or sympathy from someoneThe Namibian government turned to South Africa

38、 for help.B to start to do or use something new, especially as a way of solving a problemMany people here are turning to solar power.channel (v.) (Line 47, Para. 4) 1) ( + into) direct 引导；导向 2) form a channel in 在上 形成槽或沟他们把水引到地里。知识将人类引向文明。Knowledge channels human beings into civilization. They chann

39、elled the water into / towards the field.Translation我们应该给这条街开辟水道, 以便水能畅通地流走。We ought to channel this street so that water can flow away easily. channel (n.) 河床；航道；沟渠；海峡；频道； （喻）途径，方法， 手段人们希望通过外交/正当途径解决这一问题。People hope to solve the problem through diplomatic / proper channels.TranslationFind expressio

40、n in something Her anger at last found expression in loud cursing. find the way in which ones feelings and ideas are shown in particular events请完成下面的句子。Exercise他的情感最终由眼泪表现了出来。His feelings at last _.他们的个人主义在他的作品/举止中表现了出来。Their individualism _.found expression in his works foundexpression in tears/ be

41、haviorMan must be the most aggressive and cruel of all living creatures.In the zoo it is probably better fed and cared for.to perform some hostile gestures人类肯定是所有动物中最好斗和最残忍的。在动物园里，也许它吃得更好，能得到精心的照料。做一些表示敌意的姿态But it is evidently bored and frustrated for lack of company.但是，由于离群索居，它显然会感到倦怠，情绪沮丧。to asser

42、t oneselfa self-employed craftsman坚持自己的权利和主张个体手工业者He is the master of his own trade.他是他本行业的能工巧匠。to channel the aggression into creative work将争强好斗的特性发挥在创造性的工作上Completing the SentencesDirections: Complete the following sentences with the words in the box. Change the form if necessary.similarcompetitio

43、ninjureconflictinstinctlikelyabsorbhesitatesurviveavailable1) There are concerns that these poor people may not _ the winter.2) There have been several minor _ between the two countries over the past decade.surviveconflicts3) The university is trying to make more accommodations _ for students.4) Do

44、remind me because Im _ to forget.5) A number of bombs have exploded, seriously _ at least five people.6) Our countryside is increasingly being _ into the larger cities.similarcompetitioninjureconflictinstinctlikelyabsorbhesitatesurviveavailableavailablelikelyinjuringabsorbedsimilarcompetitioninjurec

45、onflictinstinctlikelyabsorbhesitatesurviveavailable7) The farmers have been seeking higher prices as better protection from foreign _.8) Her first _ was to shout and get angry with him.9) He _ before he spoke, as if he wasnt sure how his words would be received.10) I bought some new shoes that are v

46、ery _ to a pair I had petitioninstincthesitatedsimilarFilling in the BlanksDirection: Complete the following passage with the words given in the box. You can use each word only once. Aggression is the fighting instinct in beast and man, which is directed against members of the same species. It is th

47、eorized that in natural conditions aggression helps to _ survival of individuals (and thus the species), by preventing too dense a _ from developing and exhausting all of its food sources. exhibit defense case territory minute ensure characteristic familiar aggressive populationensurepopulationexhib

48、it defense case territory minute ensure characteristic familiar aggressive populationFighting is generally considered to be a trait _ of males and uncharacteristic of females. However, many but not all female mammals _ aggression during the postpartum (产后的) period in _ of their young. The great anim

49、al behaviorist Konrad Lorenz observed that in every individual the readiness to fight is greatest in the most _ place: in the middle of its territory. exhibitdefensefamiliarcharacteristicexhibit defense case territory minute ensure characteristic familiar aggressive populationAs the distance from _

50、increases, readiness to fight decreases proportionately. This was not the _ with my pet rat; he was ready and willing to beat up his neighbors the _ he stepped through their door. What causes some rats to be more _ than others? There is certainly evidence that aggression has a genetic basis, at leas

51、t in some animals.caseterritoryminuteaggressiveTranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English using the expressions in brackets. 每当她姨妈来访的时候，她总是表现不好。(behave)She always behaves badly when her aunt comes to visit.2) 要不是你们的帮助，我们不会准时完成任务。(if)If it hadnt been for your help, we would

52、nt have been able to finish the task in time.3) 我劝他别去东海岸，因为那里到处都是游客。(warn off)I warned him off going to the east coast because it was full of tourists.4) 东西便宜并不见得质量就低劣。(not necessarily)The fact that something is cheap doesnt necessarily mean it is of low quality.5) 如果没有人可以求教，就难以做出恰当的选择。(turn to)With

53、out anyone to turn to for help, making an appropriate choice can be difficult.3) 我劝他别去东海岸，因为那里到处都是游客。(warn off)I warned him off going to the east coast because it was full of tourists.4) 东西便宜并不见得质量就低劣。(not necessarily)The fact that something is cheap doesnt necessarily mean it is of low quality.5) 如果没有人可以求教，就难以做出恰当的选择。(turn to)Without anyone to turn to for help, making an appropriate choice can be difficult.Writing COMPARE AND CONTRAST Comparisons = Similarities Contra