专四常考语法点汇总_第1页
专四常考语法点汇总_第2页
专四常考语法点汇总_第3页
专四常考语法点汇总_第4页
专四常考语法点汇总_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩37页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

1、语法与词汇专项语法核心考点一:附属分句复合句=主句+从句(1个或1个以上)要点1附属分句是复合句必不可少的组成部分,以语法功能作为分类标准,附属分句能够分为状语从句、关系从句(即定语从句)和名词性从句。其中状语从句可分为时间、地址、原因、结果、程度、目的、条件、退步和方式等;名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句.要点2状语从句的考点集中在方式、条件、退步、方式和时间状语从句上;关系从句的考点集中在关系代词的选择,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别;名词性从句的考点集中在宾语从句和同位语从句.一状语从句状语从句真题解析:1Nineistothree_threeistoon

2、e.(2008,53)A。whenB.thatC。whichD.what2_hewantedtogooutwithhisfriendsattheweekend,hehadtostaybehindtofinishhisassignment。(2008,55)A.MuchthoughB。MuchasC。AsmuchD。Thouthmuch3Mendifferfromanimals_theycanthinkandspeak。(2008,54)A。forwhichB。forthatC。inthatD。inwhich4Theystoodchattingtogetheraseasilyandnatural

3、lyas_.(2008,60)A.itcouldbeB.couldbeC.itwasD.was5Thecouplehadnosoonergottothestation_thecoachleft。(2009,60)A。whenB。asC.untilD。than6_thebosssays,itisunreasonabletoaskmetoworkovertimewithoutpay。2010,55)A。WhateverB.WheneverC。Whichever7Fool_Jerryis,hecouldnothavedonesuchathing。A。whoB。asC。likeD.thatD.Howe

4、ver8Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,_thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.(2005)A.onoccasionB。onpurposeC。onconditionD。onlyif9Whichofthefollowingcontainsanadverbialclauseofcause?A.IgotajobassoonasIleftuniversity。B。Astherewasonanswer,Iwroteagain.C。YoumustdotheexerciseasIshowyou.D.Wealthyashei

5、s,Markisnotahappyman.状语从句重点总结:(一)条件状语从句:表示条件或假定,往常由以下连词或构造引导:If如果aslongas只需unless如果不;除非solongas只需onconditionthat条件是provided/providingthat若是suppose/supposingthat若是intheeventthat如果,在的情况下giventhat如果assuming(that)若是say若是特别提醒几种不常用的条件状语从句举例:Intheeventthatshecannotarriveontime,wewillgofirst。Supposeitsnowed

6、,wewouldstillgo.Saywhathesaidweretrue,whatwouldyoudoaboutit?(二)退步状语从句:含有“虽然though/although虽然,只管,即便”之意,主要引导词有evenif/eventhough即便:nomatter+疑问词不论inspiteofthefactthat只管muchas不论只管疑问词+ever不论while只管forallthat只管as/thoughgranted/granting(that)虽然,只管特别提醒1。几种不常用的退步状语从句举例:Inspiteofthefactthathewasdeafanddumb,heh

7、adageniusformusic.Whilethegrandparentslovethechildren,theyarestrictwiththem。Muchassheneededthejob,shehadtorefuse.Forallthattherewerealotofdifficulties,hefinallyenteredthefinalcompetitionandwon。Grantedyouhavemademuchprogress,youshouldnotbeconceited.2.用了although或though,就一定不能再后边的从句中同时用but,可是though能够和ye

8、t连用。Althoughtheywereverytired,buttheystillworking。(true/false)Thoughtheywereverytired,yettheystillworking。(true/false)3。nomatter+疑问词不能引导主语从句和宾语从句,可用疑问词+ever来引导主语从句和宾语从句。Nomatterwhathesayshasnothingtodowithme.(true/false)Whateverhesayshasnothingtodowithme。(true/false)Theoldmanbelievesnomatterwhathiss

9、ontellshim(true/false)Theoldmanbelieveswhateverhissontellshim(true/false)4。as/though引导的退步状语从句如果有强调的部分,往常将强调的部分置于句首。Youngashewas/Childashewas,hecoulddosomehouseworkforhismother.Youngthoughhewas/Childthoughhewas,hecoulddosomehouseworkforhismother。Thoughhewasyoung/Thoughhewasachild,hecoulddosomehousewo

10、rkforhismother。注意:as引导的退步状语从句必须倒装,though引导的能够倒装也能够不倒装。5。forall(that)表示退步观点,“that能够省略,相当于“inspiteof”或“inspiteofthefactthat”,以后可接短语或从句。Forallthefinewordshemaysaytoyourface,hedoesnotlikeyouatheart。Forall(that)yousay,hewillnotchangehismind。(三)时间状语从句:表示时间关系,引导词主要有以下:表示“当的时候”when,while,as,justas,nesttime,

11、thelasttime,eachtime,everytime,whenever表示时间先后before,after表示“一就”Assoonas,once,hardlywhen/before,scarecelywhen/before,nosoonerthan,directly,immediately,instantly,themoment/second/minute,其他时间Bythetime(到的时候),itisthefirst/secondtime,notuntil(直到才),eversince(自从)特别提醒1几种不常用的时间状语从句Theywentintoactiondirectly/i

12、mmediately/instantly/themomenttheyheardthealarm.2几种需要用达成时态的时间状语从句BythetimeIgotthere,theyhadleftfortheairport.ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedChina。ItwasthesecondtimethatIhadvisitedChina。Hehadhardlyescapedwhen/beforehewascaptured。Ihadnosoonerreachedhomethanitbegantorain.Ihavebeenlivingthereallthetime

13、sinceImovedtherein1992。3否定词置于句首时注意倒装Hardlyhadheescapedwhenhewascapured.NosoonerhadIreachedtherethanitbegantorain。4when引导时间状语从句,如果出现在后半句,能够表示“这时突然之意。Iwasalmosthurtwhenthebuscametoasuddenstop。表示时间先后的连词before可表示条件意义,译作“只有/必须才能”Newideassometimeshavetowaitforyearsbeforetheyarefullyaccepted.(四)比较状语从句:可分为同

14、级比较和不同级比较,同级比较往常由as引导,不同级比较往常由than引导。注意几种特殊引导形式:themore/lessthemore/less越,越justas,so正如,也AistoBwhat/asCistoDA之于B就如C之于D同样AsAistoB,(so)CistoD正如A之于B,C也之于Dno(notany)morethan与都不no(notany)lessthan与同样都notsomuchas与其说不如说特别提醒几种不常用比较状语从句YouwereontimeandsowasI。(注意用倒装构造)Foodistomenwhat/asoilistomachine。Asfoodisim

15、portanttomen,sooilistomachine.Heisnomoreateacherthanweare。Heisnolessateacherthanweare。Itisnotsomuchtheactualpopulationoftheworldasitsrateofincreasethatcatchesmyattention。Thesecretofsuccessisnotsomuchmoneyasastrongwill。2注意比较状语从句中的省略构造,尤其需要注意根据省略的主语来选择谓语动词的单复数及动词时态.Hehaspaidmoremoneythanhasbeenestimat

16、edbefore。(五)原因状语从句主要引导词有:assinceconsidering(that)鉴于,顾及到inas/somuchasbecausenowthatseeingthat鉴于notbecausebutbecauseinthat因为,在于特别提醒1几种不常用的时间状语从句Consideringthattheshoesarehandmade,thepriceisreasonable.Seeingthathewasreallyupset,wedecidedtoleavehimalone.Athoroughphysicalexaminationisimportantinas/somuch

17、asitservestoreassurethepatient.Critismandselfcriticismisnecessaryinthatithelpspeopletofindandcorrecttheirmistakes.2because,since,as和for的区别:Because表示原因语气最强,往常用往返答why引导的特殊疑问句.Since语气不如because,而as语气不如since。它们表达的往往是显而易见的原因或已经为人们所知的原因,强调的往往是主句而不是原因状语从句.For往常作并列连词,是一种解释说明,不表示原因.(六)方式状语从句:表示以的方式as像,正如(just

18、)asso正如,也asif仿佛,忧如asthough仿佛,忧如theway以的方式特别提醒几种不常用的方式状语从句Justaswateristofish,soairistomanTreatothersthewayyouwantotherstreatyou。(七)结果状语从句Sothat如此以至于Withtheresultthat结果是Tothedegreethat到了程度,以Suchthat如此以至于Somuchsothat如此以至于Totheextentthat到了程度,以至至于特别提醒于几种不常用的结果状语从句Alanlikeshamburgerssomuchsothatheeatsthe

19、malmosteveryday。ThebadnewsupsetmetothedegreethatIcouldnotfallintosleeplastnight.2sothat构造中的so置于句首时,句子要用倒装语序。Soabsorbedwasheinthenovelthathedidnotrealizeitwaseightclockalready。3注意结果状语从句与目的状语从句的区别.目的状语从句的引导词,主要有that(以便),sothat(以便);inorderthat(以便);forthepurposethat(以便);lest(免得);forfearthat(免得);incase(以

20、防);inthehopethat(以望).其中lest引导的目的状语从句中使用虚构语气。Astrictsupervisionduringtheperiodiskeptlestthepatient(should)developanyphysicalandemotionaleffects.(八)地址状语从句表示地址,主要由where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere来引导。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Whereverhegoes,hewillbearwhathismothersaysinhismind.Everywhereheshowedus

21、around,wesawgrenlawnsandbeautifulflowerbeds。(九)对照状语从句表示对照,主要由while或whereas来引导。Thesolesareleather,whiletheuppersarecanvas。(鞋跟是皮的,而鞋面是帆布的)二关系从句(定语从句)定语从句真题解析1Iwasveryinterestedin_shetoldme。(2009)A。allthatB。allwhichC.allwhatD。that2Theparty,_Iwastheguestofhonor,wasextremelyenjoyable.(2006)A.bywhichB。for

22、whichC。towhichD.atwhich定语从句重点小结:定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句名称意义构造特点功能引导词限制性定语对先行词起紧跟先行修饰先行词所有关系代从句限定作用;词,同先行词或关系副指特定的人词之间没有词或物;不可逗号分开省略,否则影响句子的完整性非限制性定对先行词作跟在先行词修饰先行词Which,语从句补充性的说后,用逗号或整个句子who,明;如果省与主句分开whom,as,略,不影响介词+which句子的完整(不能用性that)关系代词和关系副词的用法关系代词是用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词:作用/功能用于限制性或非限制性定语从句只用于限制性定语从句代

23、替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whomwhichthat定语whose(=ofwhom)whose(ofwhom)关系副词在定语从句中表示时间、地址或原因:关系副词被替代的先行词在从句中的作用When(=at,in,on,during表示时间的名词时间状语which)Where(=in,atwhich)表示地址的名词地址状语Why(=forwhich)只有reason原因状语3不用that只用which的情况(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,Isveryfamoushere。(b)介词后不能用。Wed

24、ependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom。限制性定语从句只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况(1)当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some等代词时,或许是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much,each等修饰时Haveyoutakendowneverything(that)Mr。Lihassaid?Thereseemstobenothi

25、ng(that)seemsimpossibleforhimintheworld。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Thereislittle(that)Icandoforyou。注意1:部分时候that能够省略,如部分例句将that用括号括住注意2:当先行词指人时,偶尔也能够用whoAnymanthat/.whohasasenseofdutywontdosuchathing.(2)当先行词被序数词修饰ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen。当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时ThisisthebestfilmthatIha

26、veseen.(4)当形容词被thevery,theonly,thesame,thelast修饰时ThisistheverygooddictionarythatIwanttobuy,Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.(5)当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?WhichistheTshirtthatfitsmemost?(6)当先行词既有人,也有动物或许物体时Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwe

27、havelearned?当关系代词在定语从句中做表语Thevillageisnolongertheonethatitusedtobe10yearsago.(8)当在therebe句型中,往常情况下用that,不用which关系代词和关系副词的省略1)关系代词which,that,who,whom在定语从句中作直接宾语时能够省略。Thisisthenovel(that/which)Ireadlastnight.Heisthecollegue(who/shom)Imetinthesupermarket(2)关系代词that在定语从句中作表语时可省略。Heisnottheman(that)heuse

28、dtobe.。(3)当先行词是Thisisthereasonreason且关系词在句中作状语时,关系词(why)Ilikehersomuch.why能够省略。(4)当先行词是way且关系代词在句中作方式状语时,that能够省略。Thatwasthewayhefoundoutthesolutiontothisproblem.关系代词inwhich或三名词性从句真题解析1。After_seemedanendlesswait,itwashisturntoenterthepersonnelmanagersoffice.A。thatB.itC。whatD.there名词性从句重点小结1名词性从句的引导词

29、:分类引导词功能连结词that,whether,if只起连结作用,不作句子成分关系代词who,whom,whose,既起连结作用,又担当主语、宾what,which,whatever,语、定语、表语等成分whichever,whoever关系副词when,where,how,既起连结作用,又作状语who特别提醒(1)关系代词what有时保存其原有的疑问意义,作疑问代词表示“什么”;有时作双重关系代词,相当于“thethingthat/which”。IcanrecognizehisfacebutIcannotrememberwhathisnameis.Hisremarksremindedmeof

30、whatIsawlastnight。2)whether与if在引导名词性从句时的区别?主语从句只能用whether引导?Whetherornot能够连在一同使用,而ifornot使用,且ornot要放在句末。不能够连在一同,需分开?Whether能够引导介词宾语从句,if不能.?在question,ask后边一般只用whether来引导。?后接不定式时只能用whether.?当宾语从句提至谓语前面时只能用whether引导。(一)主语从句1.作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句往常由附属连词that,whether,if和连结代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以

31、及连结副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连结作用;连结代词和连接副词在句中既保存自己的疑问含义、又起连结作用,在从句中充任从句的成分。Thathewillcomeiscertain.Whetheritwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay.Whathewantstotellusisnotclear。Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced。Whichteamwillwinthematchisstillu

32、nknown.Whoevercomestothepartywillreceivedapresent.注意:上述例句中的主语从句全都是放在句首,但有时为防止句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake。Itdependsontheclimatewhethertheyaregoingshoppingtoday.常用句型如下:(1)It+be+名词+that从句Itiscommonknowledgethat是知识Itisasurprisethat令人诧异的

33、是Itisafactthat事实是(2)It+be+形容词+that从句Itisnecessarythat有必要Itisimportantthat重要的是Itisobviousthat很显然(3)It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句Itisbelievedthat人们相信Itisknowntoallthat尽人皆知Ithasbeendecidedthat已决定(4)It+不及物动词+that从句Itappears/seemsthat似乎Ithappenedthat刚巧Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起2.引导词what与thatWhat引导主语从句时在从句中充任句子成分,如主语

34、宾语表语,而that则不然.而that只起连结作用,本身无实际意义,在从句中也不充任任何成分。That引导的主语从句放在句首时不能省略。Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.Thatanewteacherwillcometoteachusistrue.语气另注意在主语从句中用来表示诧异、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚构语气“(should)+do”,常用的句型有:Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc。)thatItisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc。)thatItissuggested(re

35、quested,proposed,desired,etc.)that(二)宾语从句(1)宾语从句在句中作宾语。在带复合宾语的句子中,it也常被用作形式宾语放在真切宾语that从句的前面。Weconsideritabsolutelynecessarythatweshouldopenourdoortotheoutsideworld。(2)如果主句的谓语动词表示的是“认为、相信、猜测”观点时,如think,believe,consider,suppose,expect,fancy,guess,reckon,imagine等,以后的宾语从句若含有否定含义,一般要把否定词前移到主句的谓语上,宾语从句中的

36、谓语用肯定形式。IdontthinkIcandoitmyself.3)在表示命令、恳求、建议、希望等意义的动词后边的宾语从句中要使用虚构语气,往常使用should+动词原形,should往常能够省略,常有的此类动词有:表示命令order,command,demand,instruct,ask表示恳求ask,request,require表示建议suggest,advise,propose,recommend表示希望desire,insist(4)宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语,且介词宾语不能用which引导,要用what。Shewasdeeplymovedbywhathesaid。(三)表语从句在

37、句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关系词与引导主语从句的关系词大概同样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用asif引导.其基本结构为:主语+系动词+that从句。需要注意的,当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如:Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning。【注意】whether可引导表语从句,但与之同义的if却往常不用于引导表语从句。(四)同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的详细内容。同位语从句往常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、deman

38、d、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。比如:Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome。ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.专项考点练习:1._thattheyfoundanunusualplantintheforest。A。ItissaidB。Theya

39、resaidC.ItsaidD。Itsays2。_causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A。WhatB.ThatC.HowD。Where3。_helpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising。A.WhoB.AnyoneC。WhoeverD.Theperson4.Eat_youlikeandleavetheothersfor_comesinlate。A.any;whoB.every;whoeverC.whichever;whoeverD.either;whoever_shecouldntunderstandwas_f

40、ewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;whyB。That;whyC.What;becauseD。Why;that6.Itwas_hesaid_disappointedme。A.What;thatB。That;thatC。What;whatD.That;what语法核心考点二:句子成分解析真题解析1Whichofthefollowingprepositionalphrasesisanadverbialofconcession?(2012)A.Theyusedtheboxforkeepingtreasures。B.Isteppe

41、dasideforhertogetinfirst.C。Forallthatheseemstodislikeme,Istilllikehim。D。Theparentsboughtabirthdaycakefortheirson。Whichofthefollowingprepositionalphrasescanfunctionasanadverbial?(2012)A。AreyousureofSimonsdisappearance.B.Themanwithabeardistalkingtothemanager.C.Everyprecautionwastakenagainstthefailureo

42、ftheplan。D。Despitetherain,everyoneenjoyedthetrip.3。AllthefollowingsentenceshaveanappositiveEXCEPT(2012)A.Sheboughtherselfapairofnewshoes.B.Onlyoneproblemstillremainsthefood.C.Myfriendsallunderstandandsupportme.D。Shelikedhercurrentjob,teachingEnglish.4。Whichoftheitalicizedpartsfunctionsasanobject?(20

43、12)A。Hedoesntliketheideaofmyspeakingatthemeeting。B。Itisnouseyourpretendingnottoknowthematter.C。Myparentsstronglyobjecttomygoingoutaloneatnight.D.Herfallingintotheriverwastheclimaxofthewholetrip.5。Whichoftheitalicizedpartsfunctionsasasubject?(2012)A。Weneverdoubtthatherbrotherishonest。B。Theproblemisno

44、twhowillgobutwhowillstay.C。Youmustgiveitbacktowhoeveritbelongsto.D。Itisclearthatthecrimewasdonedeliberately.Whichofthefollowingreflexivepronounsisusedasanappositive?(2012)A。Hepromisedhimselfrapidprogress。B.ThemanagerherselfwillinterviewMary.C。Ihavenothingtosayformyself.D。Theyquarreledthemselvesredin

45、theface.7。Inthesentence“ThemanagerinterviewedJimhimselfinthemorning”,theitalicizedwordisusedtomodify(2011)A.theobjectB。theverbC.thesubjectD。theprepositionalphraseWhichoftheitalicizedpartsisusedasanobject?(2011)A。Whatdoyouthinkhashappenedtoher?B。Whodoyouthinkthevisitingprofessoris?C.Howmuchdoyouthink

46、heearnseverymonth.D.Howquicklywouldyousayhewouldcome?Xinchunreturnedfromabroadadifferentman。Theitalicizedpartfunctionasa(n)_inthesentence。A.appositiveB。objectC。adverbialD。complement10.Which“of”inthefollowingsentencesindicatesasubjectpredicaterelationship?A。theoccupationoftheislandB。thelawofNewtonC.t

47、hearrivalofthetouristsD。theplaysofOscarWilde11。Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsservesasanappositive?A。Heisnotthemantodrawback.B.Larryhasalargefamilytosupport。C。Tonyhitbacktheurgetotellalie。D。Thereisreallynothingtofear。重点总结:句子的主要成分是:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语、同位语.主语(subject):一般由名词性的成分充任,如名词、代词、名词性从句、动名词和

48、不定式;要注意形式主语it与真切主语的辨析。1Inthefollowingsentence“Itsnousewaitingforme,theitalicizedphraseis_.(2010)A。theobjectB。anadverbialC。acomplementD.thesubject答案:D谓语(predicator):由动词来充任,主要考察时态、语态.宾语(Object):位于及物动词或介词之后,也是由名词性成分的词、短语或从句充任;动名词和不定式也可充任宾语;注意形式宾语it和真切宾语的辨析.2In“Howmuchdoyouthinkheearns?”howmuchis_ofthes

49、entence(.2009)A.thesubjectB.theadverbialC。theobjectD。thecomplement特别提醒:双宾语和复合宾语的区别:双宾语是有的动词后边跟直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指的是动词所波及的物;间接宾语是受益于动词动作的人。复合宾语:在英语中,有些动词接了一个宾语后句子意思仍不完整,还需要再加上一个词或短语放在宾语之以后补充说明其身份、特点、状态或所做的动作,这种“宾语+宾语补足语”构造称为复合宾语(objectcomplement).注意:宾语和宾补之间存在逻辑主谓关系,间接宾语和直接宾语之间不存在。3。Whichofthefollowingsen

50、tencehasanobjectcomplement?(2010)A。ThedirectorappointedJohnmanager.B.IgaveMaryaChristmaspresent.C。YouhavedonePeterafavor。D。SheisteachingChildrenEnglish。答案:A定语(attribute):一般修饰名词,由形容词性质的词、短语或从句充任.状语(adverbial):一般修饰动词或整个句子,一般由副词性质的词、短语或从句充任;介词短语也能够充任句子状语;状语可用于表示时间、地址、原因、结果、方式、目的、退步、条件等.4.Whichofthefoll

51、owingitalicizedphrasesindicatesCAUSE?(2010)A。Whydontyoudoitforthesakeofyourfriends?B。IwishIcouldwriteaswellasyou.C.Forallhisefforts,hedidntgetanA.D.Hereyeswereredfromexcessivereading.表语(subjectcomplement):用于联系动词后边,用于解释、说明、描述主语,一般由形容词、名词性质的词、短语或从句充任。语法核心考点三:虚构语气真题解析:1。Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,Eng

52、lish_mucheasiertolearn.(2009,52)A.couldhavebeenB。wouldbeC。willbeD.wouldhavebeen答案:B2.Itisnecessarythathe_theassignmentwithoutdelay.(2010,60)A.handinB。handsinC。musthandinD。hastohandin答案:A3。Itsgettinglate.Idratheryou_now(.2011,61)A.leftB.leaveC.areleavingD.willleave答案:A4。Mybossorderedthatthelegaldocum

53、ents_tohimbeforelunch。(2012,54)A。besentB。weresentC.weretobesentD。mustbesent答案:A5。Whichhofthefollowingsentencescontainssubjunctivemood?(2013,54)A.Lucyinsistedthathersongethomebefore5oclock。B.Sheusedtodrivetowork,butnowshetakesthecitymetro。C。Walkstraightahead,anddontturntillthesecondtrafficlights。D.Pa

54、ulwillcancelhisflightifhecannotgethisvisabyFriday.答案:A6。Ifit_tomorrow,thematchwouldbeputoff.(2013,63)A。wastorainB.weretorainC。wasrainingD。hadrained答案:B观点:虚构语气是一种动词形式,表示说话人的一种愿望、假定、思疑、猜测、建议等含义,用于强调思疑或不可能,而不是客观存在的事实。虚构语气重点小结:普通虚构条件句普通虚构条件句表达与事实相反的情况,不强调推断意味。虚构情况条件从句结果主句与现在事实相反If+主语+过去时(be动主语+would/cou

55、ld/might词往常用were)do与过去事实相反If+主语+haddone主语+wouldhavedone与将来事实相反(1)If+主语+过去时主语+would/shoulddo(be动词往常用were)(2)If+主语+shoulddo(3)If+主语+weretodo注意:shoulddo比weretodo实现的可能性大推断虚构条件句用来推断未来事件,即发言人认为实现的可能性极小拟形式合用于推断虚构条件句。虚构情况条件从句与将来事实相反(1)If+主语+过去时.所以与将来事实相反的虚结果主句主语+woulddo(be动词往常用were)(2)If+主语+shoulddo(3)If+主语

56、+weretodo注意:shoulddo比weretodo实现的可能性大错综时间条件句错综时间条件句即虚构条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致,因此主句和从句时态的选择上不能拘泥于上表所列的时态组成,需视详细情况而定。IfIwereyou,Iwouldnthavegoneoutwithhimlastnight。(现在-过去)IfIhadhadbreakfastthismorning,Iwouldntbesohungrynow。(过去-现在)委婉条件句委婉条件句指句中没有出现显然表示虚构语气的条件句,而是使用一些词、短语、从句或其余构造来表示条件,但句中仍旧使用了虚构语气。短语往常有:butfor

57、(要不是),without,with,or(否则),otherwise(否则),incaseof(在。.的情况下),whatif(如果将会怎样)等。Butforhisfathersencouragement,hewouldnthavewonthefirstprize。Withbetterequipment,wewouldhavesucceeded。5名词性从句中若含有表示“命令、建议、恳求、意向、主张、目的等意义的词时,需使用虚构语气,往常用should+动词原形,should能够省略。详见名词性从句部分。由wish引导的从句需要用虚构语气。往常用过去时表示对现在的虚构。用过去达成时表示对过去

58、的虚构,用would+动词原形表示对将来的虚构。IwishIcouldflylikeabird.IwishIhadntlenthimmycomputer。IwishIwouldaffordtotravelthewholeworld.在wouldrather,hadrather,wouldsooner和wouldprefer引导的从句中要使用虚构语气,即用过去时表示现在或将来的情况,用达成时表示过去的情况,希望或委婉的责怪.Idratheryoutoldmeaboutitrightaway。在固定句型itis(high)time中,谓语动词要用过去时。Itishightimeyoutoldmea

59、boutit.9.Ifonly引导的从句表示没有实现的愿望或遗憾,要使用虚构语气。用过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望,用过去达成时表示过去没有实现的愿望。IfonlyIwereabirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.IfonlyIhadknownitearlierandIcouldhavestoppedit.10在退步状语从句中,whetheror构造往常用倒装语序,谓语动词用be的原形来表示.Beitfineornot,Iwillinspectthefactorymyselftomorrow。=Whetheritisfineornot,Iwillinspectthefact

60、orymyselftomorrow。在forfearthat,inorderthat,sothat引导的目的状语从句中,谓语动词往常使用should/might/could+动词原形。Hetiptoedforfearthathemightdisturbhisfather。12在lest引导的目的状语从句中,谓语动词往常用should+动词原形。Shedidntallowherlittledaughtergooutlestsheshouldcatchflu.定义:虚构语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。应用条件:在表示虚假的、

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论