贸易相关术语

1、贸易相关术语C-E Trade-related Terms 贸易相关术语A贸易Foreign Trade 对外贸易Entrepot Trade F。） 转口贸易Home （Domestic）Trade 内贸Coastal Trade 沿海贸易Cross-border Trade 边境贸易Barter Trade 易货贸易Compensation Trade 补偿（互补）贸易Bilateral trade （between China and the US） （中美）双边贸易Multilateral Trade ( Multilaterism ) 多边贸易Trading House/Corpor

2、ation/Firm/Company 贸易公司Liner Trade 集装箱班轮运输 B合同Contract 合同Active service contracts on file 在备有效服务合同Sales Contract 销售合同Sales Confirmation 销售确认书Agreement 协议Vessel sharing Agreement 共用舱位协议Slot-sharing Agreement 共用箱位协议Slot Exchange Agreement 箱位互换协议Amendment 修正合同Appendix 附录Quota 配额C服务合同Service Contract as

3、 provided in the Shipping Act of 1984， a contract betweena shipper （or a shippers association） and an ocean carrier （or conference）in which the shipper makes a commitment to provide a certain minimum quantity of cargo or freight revenueover a fixed time period，and the ocean common carrier or confere

4、nce commits to a certain rate or rate schedules as well as a defined service level （such as assured space，transit time，port rotation or similar service features）。The contract may also specify provisions in the event of non-performance on the part of either party 服务合同A service contract is a confident

5、ial contract between a VOCC and 1 or more shippers in which the shipper(s) make a cargo commitment, and the carrier makes a rate and service commitment.服务合同是一家有船承运人与一个和多个托运人签订的保密合同，在合同中托运人对货量作出承诺，承运人对运价和服务作出承诺。Only a VOCC (or agreement of VOCCs) may enter into a service contract as carrier. 只有有船承运人（

6、有船承运人协议）能够作为承运人签订服务合同。NVOCCs may enter into service contracts as shippers, but not as carrier.无船承运人能够作为托运人来签订服务合同，但不能够作为承运人签订服务合同。Allows a carrier to lawfully charge a negotiated, non-tariff rate.同意承运人合法地收取已达成协议的，非运价本运价。Allows parties to keep the negotiated rate confidential.同意签约方对已达成协议的运价保密。Today,

7、the vast majority of liner cargo in the U.S. trade moves under confidential service contracts.目前，绝大多数美国航线的班轮物资通过保密的服务合同运输。Must be with qualified shipper(s).必须与合格的托运人签订服务合同。Must include shipper cargo commitment and carrier rate and service commitments.必须包括托运人货量承诺，承运人运价和服务承诺。Must include shipper certi

8、fication.必须有托运人的身份证明。Must be signed by the carrier and the shipper.必须由承运人和托运人签署。Must be filed with the FMC.必须向FMC登记Electronic filing is permitted.同意电子登记Rates kept confidential - certain “essential terms” published.运价保密 一些“差不多条款”公布Service Contract Form服务合同的格式Term 1 = origin. 条款1 启运地Term 2 = destinati

9、on. 条款2 目的地Term 3 = a list of commodities. 条款3 商品类不Term 4 MQC 条款4 最低箱量Term 5 = Service Commitments 条款5 服务承诺Term 6 = Rate Schedule 条款5 费率表Term 7 - Liquidated Damages Clause 条款7 = 清算损失条款Term 8 Contract Term 条款8 合同期限Term 9A = Legal names of contract parties. 条款9A = 合同方的法定名称Term 9B = Identity of contrac

10、t signatories. 条款9B 签字人的身份Term 9C = Date the contract was signed. 条款9C 合同签字日Other Provisions 其它条款Term 10 = shipper certification. 条款10 托运人的身份Term 11 = contract records. 条款11 合同记录Term 12 = other provisions (including force 条款12 其它条款（包括不可majeure, cancellation, arbitration, and 抗拒力，终止，仲裁和assignment cla

11、uses). 转让 条款）Signature Block 签字栏The Shipper Party 托运方Is the Shipper Party qualified? 托运方是否合格？Must be cargo owner, NVOCC, or shippers 必须是货主，无船承运人和托运人协会association.Cannot be freight forwarder. 不能够是货运代理人Is the shipper party the party that will use 托运方是否为合同的使用方？the contract?Cannot be agent or affiliate

12、of shipper party. 不能够是托运方的代理和附属公司Exception: Affiliate of BCO may be shipper 专门情况：假如直接货主的附属party if it will be responsible for the freight. 公司负责运费，其能够是托运方。Must Use Full Legal Name 必须使用法定的全称The full legal name and business address 服务合同中必须显示of the shipper party must appear on the 托运方的法定全称和营业地址。service

13、contract.Should usually include a corporate identifier 通常必须包括公司的标志符(Inc., Ltd., Co.). （Inc., Ltd., Co.）Contract heading, Term 9, and signature 合同的标题，第9条款block should match. 和签字栏必须一致。Affiliates 附属公司Shipper party may list affiliates entitled to use 托运方能够在合同第9条款中the service contract in Section 9. 列入有权使

14、用服务合同的附属公司。An affiliate is a person that controls, is 附属公司是指拥有托运方，controlled by, or is under common control 被托运方拥有或被同一公司拥有的实体。with, the shipper party.The full legal name and business address of 必须包括每一个附属公司each affiliate must be included. 的法定全称和营业地址。Trade names may also be indicated in 除法定全称外，也可列入商号。

15、addition to the full legal name.NVOCCs may not list affiliates. 无船承运人不可列入附属公司。When the Service Contract May be Used 何时能够使用服务合同？A service contract may not be used until the 只有在SECAUCUS办公室Secaucus office notifies the agent that the 通知代理服务合同差不多向FMCservice contract has been filed with the FMC. 登记后，服务合同才

16、能够使用。The Secaucus office will issue Daily Filing Notices. SECAUCUS办公室将发出“每日登记通知”。Enforcement of Service Contract Terms 服务合同条款的执行not to deviate from the service contract terms. 不能够偏离服务合同条款。A contract may be amended to reduce MQC or 服务合同可进行修改减少extend the contract term. 最低箱量或延长服务合同If the MQC (as amende

17、d, if applicable) is not 假如最低货量没有完成，satisfied, an invoice for liquidated damages 在合同到期后30天内must be issued within 30 days of the end of 发出清算损失发票。the service contract term.Service Contract must be with qualified shipper. 服务合同必须与合格的托运人签订。Shipper Party is person that will use the contract. 托运方为将会使用合同的人。

18、Full name (and trade name, if any) and address of 条款9中必须显示托运方和shipper party and any affiliates entitled to use the 任何有权使用合同的附属公司的contract must appear in Term 9. 全称（和商号，假如有）和营业地址。If contract is with Shippers Association, Members 假如与托运人协会签订合同，entitled to use the contract must be listed. 合同中必须列入有权使用合同的

19、成员公司。All parties entitled to use contract must certify status. 所有有权使用合同的各方必须证明其身份。Contract may not be used until filed with the FMC. 在没有向FMC登记前，合同不能够使用。Only shipper party and named affiliates (or listed 只有托运方和指名的附属公司members if SA) may use the contract. （或列入的托运人协会的成员公司）能够使用合同。D条款Contract Terms （and c

20、onditions ） 合同条款Article 条Section 节/项Item 款Stipulation 规定Essential terms 必备（要紧）条款Revision 修改Alteration 更改Contract Signatory 合同签署方（人）Merchant 签约方Head-Contractor 总承包商Sub-Contractor 分包商Parties to the contract 合同（协议签约）有关各方E. 买卖方、中介Manufacturer 制造（厂）商Buyer 买方Seller 卖方Broker 中间人/ 掮客（跑街先生）Middle-man 中间人（商）O

21、TI 远洋运输中介公司NVO (NVOCC) Non-Vessel Operating Common Carrier 无船承运人NVOCC Services may include but are not limited to： 无船承运人提供的服务包括但不局限于：1） purchasing transportation services from a VOCC and offering 向船舶承运人购买再向such services for resale to other persons 他人转售运输服务2） payment of port to port or multi-modal tr

22、ansportation charges 支付港到港或全程多式联运费用3） entering into affreightment agreements with underlying shippers 与大货主签订运输合同4） issuing bills of lading or equivalent documents 签发提单或相同效用单证5） arranging for inland transportation and paying for inland freight 安排内陆运输，从全程charges on through transportation movements 运费中

23、支付内陆运费6） paying lawful compensation to ocean freight forwarders 向货代支付合理佣金7） leasing containers 负责租用（集装箱）货柜8） entering into arrangements with origin or destination agents 与始发地、目的地代理签 订合作协议，落实运作Any person operating in the US as an NVOCC shall furnish evidence 在美国经营无船承运人of financial responsibility in t

24、he amount of USD 75000 必需提供保证金75000美元Ocean Freight Broker 远洋揽货代理（ 船东订舱营销代理 ）Ocean Freight Broker is an entity 远洋揽货代理系which is engaged by a carrier to secure cargo for such carrier 由船东经营，专事为本公司揽货，and/or offer for sale ocean transportation services 提供远洋运输服务的机构。对外which holds itself out to the public as

25、 one who negotiates 负责与收、发货人洽谈运输条款between shipper or consignee and carrier for the purchase， 出售舱位等事宜。sale，conditions and terms of transportation。 An Ocean Freight Broker is not required to be licensed to 远洋揽货代理无需专办经营perform those services。 执照Cargo Forwarding Agent / Cargo Forwarder 货运代理Freight Forwa

26、rding / Forwarder 货运代理Ocean Freight Forwarder 远洋货运代理人Freight Forwarding services may include，but are not limited to： 货代服务包括但不局限于：1） ordering cargo to port 安排将物资运送至港区（口）2） preparing and/or processing export declarations 安排出口报关3） booking，arranging for or confirming cargo space 安排订舱，确认舱位4） preparing or

27、 processing delivery orders or dock receipts 安排装货单证（场站收据）5） preparing and/or processing ocean bills of lading 安排海运提单6） preparing or processing consular documents or 安排出口单证及arranging for their certification 物资出口相关证书7） arranging for warehouse storage 安排仓库储放8） arranging for cargo insurance 安排货运保险9） cle

28、aring shipments in accordance with Government 依照政府有关出口规定export regulations 办理物资出口清关手续10） preparing and/or sending advance notifications of 缮制货运通知单及相关单证shipments or other documents to banks，shippers，or 并按要求分送银行、货主consignees，as required 或收货人11） handling freight or other money advanced by shippers， 安排支

29、付发货人应付海运费or remitting or advancing freight or other money or credit 和其它费用；支付、电汇in connection with the dispatching of shipments 海运费、及运输相关费用12） coordinating the movement of shipments from origin to vessel 协调物资自出运地至船舶的运输13） giving expert advice to exporters concerning letters of credit， 为出口商提供有关信用证、oth

30、er documents，license or inspections，or on problems 其它单证、执照、检验及about cargoes dispatch。 其与物资出运相关问题的专业咨询服务Any person operating in the US as an Ocean Freight Forwarder 在美国经营货代必需提供shall furnish evidence of financial responsibility in the amount 保证金50000美元of USD 50000。Shipping Agency / Agent 船务代理Supplier

31、/ Provider 供方F公司Head Office （Headquarters） 总公司Board of Directors 董事会Director 董事CEO 首席执行官（总裁）CFO 财务总监Regional Office 区域性公司Local Office 地区公司Affiliate 附属（子）公司Branch Office 分公司Sub-office 支公司Subsidiaries 下属公司Liaison Office 联络处Rep. Office （Representative Office） 代表（办事）处Chief Representative 首席代表Group Compa

32、ny 集团公司Conglomerate 集团公司（企业集团）G收发货人Shipper SPR 发货人/托运人Shipper may mean : 发货人能够是：1) a cargo owner 物资持有者（真正意义上的货主）2） the person for whose account the ocean transportation is provided 远洋运输费用支付人3） the person to whom delivery is to be made 收货人4） a shippers association 货主协会an NVOCC that accepts responsibi

33、lity for 承担支付运价本费率或服务payment of all charges applicable 合同费用的无船承运人under the tariff or service contract Consolidator A company that consolidates freight owned by various partiesinto one container. 拼箱货发货人Consignor 发货人Consignee 收货人Notify Party 通知方Second Notify Party 第二通知方H客户Customer /Client （customer） 客

34、户Direct Account （ customer ） 直接客户Target Customer （目标）大客户BCO Beneficial Owner of the cargo 直接货主（制造厂商）Big Accounts 大客户VIP Customers 重要客户Agreement / Contract Customer 协议客户Long-term Customer 长期客户Potential Customer 潜在客户Picky customer 好挑剔的客户I谈判Negotiation （Business Talk ） 谈判 Compromise （ Meet half-way ） 折

35、衷妥协50 / 50 （ fifty to fifty / fifty fifty ） 折衷Win-Win 双赢not a matter of percentage but principle 不是占多大比重而是原则问题CONTAINER EXPORT PROCEDURE 出口集装箱简易出运程序As EDI such as Cargo 2000, is more popular nowadays and used by both the VOCCand Customs, hardcopy Shipping Order is no longer widely used. 由于电子数据交换（如CA

36、RGO 2000）等在船公司和海关之间已相当普遍，书面的托单已不如先前那样广为使用。 To ascertain service and freight rate that are most appropriate from Carrier before booking is made;先向承运人（船公司）确认最为合适的服务与海运价，尔后再订舱。 Upon booking, Carrier is to reserve space and deliver to shipper a shipping order informing shipper of the number of the conta

37、iner, which is to be fetched by shipper at carriers container depot for their own packing;订舱一经确认，承运人应保留舱位并向托运人签发托运单，告知有关集装箱箱号，由托运人自行前往承运人指定集装箱堆场提箱，装箱。 Shipper is to pack the container in full load at his plant or at his place of business 托运人则在其工厂或业务场所进行整箱装箱。 Customs inspection is made ex-works befor

38、e the container is locked and sealed ;装箱后经由海关检验，锁妥、加封、出厂。 Shipper to send it to CY ； Customs inspection can also be made at CY of the sent container before it is finally sealed; 托运人将集装箱送到港区CY（集装箱堆场）；海关检验亦可在港区CY进行，验妥后最终加封。 Receiving clerk who is from the carrier or the carriers agent, at the dock is

39、to receive the shipping order which will be exchanged for a dock receipt when the container has been delivered to the dock in order.承运人（船公司）码头现场接载人员或船舶代理接收托运单，经检查集装箱外表完好无损后，将场站收据交予托运方。 With the dock receipt shipper is to change for B/L before the carrying vessel sails托运人于订舱船舶开航前，至承运人（船公司）处凭场站收据换取提单。

40、 Shipper is to advise consignee of the effectuation of shipment托运人通知收货人，货载已出运。Shipping-related Terms 航运有关术语A. 承运人Shipping Lines 航运公司Common carriers 公共承运人OCC Ocean Common Carrier 远洋公共承运人VOCC Vessel-Operating Common Carrier 船舶承运人Vessel Sharing Carriers 共用舱位承运人NVOCC 无船承运人Master NVOCC 主装无船承运人Tendering N

41、VOCC 交运物资的无船承运人Contract NVOCC 签约无船承运人MTO Multi-modal Transport Operator 多式联运经营人An MTO deals with all matters in relation to the conveyance of cargoentrusted to him from the point of shipment to the place of delivery,documentation and arrangements with sub-contractors at variousbreaking points to fac

42、ilitate expeditious movement of cargo. In mostcases it is necessary for him to appoint agents or correspondents atvarious points or even maintain subsidiary concerns at importanttransshipping points to attend to all the work necessary in connectionwith the movement of cargo. He assumes responsibilit

43、y for theperformance of the contract.MTO Marine Terminal Operator 海运码头经营者Vessel Operation MTO 经营多式联运的船舶承运人NVO-MTO may be a road operator/rail operator/airline operator/freight forwarder 不营运船舶的多式联运经营人Controlled Carrier 受控承运人Rates must be “just and reasonable” - compensatory.运价必须是”公正的和合理的“具有补偿性的30 day

44、s notice required to increase or reduce tariff rates.运价的上涨和下调登记30天后生效Conference Carrier 公会承运人Independent carriers 独立承运人9th largest carrier serving the US 美线第9大承运人Consortium ( Group of carriers pooling resources in a trade lane to maximize their resources effectively ) 联盟Alliance 联盟. 竞争Competitors 竞争

45、对手Player 竞争参与者（对手）Foreclose from 。排斥在外To preserve legitimate competition among all common carriers保持公共承运人之间的合法竞争C. 运输模式、网络Transportation Network 运输网络Pendulum Service 钟摆式服务模式Loop Service 环扣式服务模式Trunk Service / Line 干线Feeder Service vessel employed in normally short sea routes to fetch or carrygoods/c

46、ontainers to and from ocean-going vessels 支线Common Feeder 公共支线Coastal Transport 沿海运输 Barge / Lighter 驳船D. 船Self-owned Vessels 自有船Time-chartered Vessels 期租船Inbound Vessel / Homebound 进口（回程）船Outgoing / Outbound Vessel 出口船Liner Vessel plying a regular trade against a published sailing schedule 班轮Slot S

47、pace on board a vessel occupied by a container 箱位E. 航班 / 次A weekly sailing 周班A fixed day sailing 定日航班A Friday（Tuesday / Thursday）sailing 周五班A fortnight sailing 双周班A bi-weekly sailing 周双班A monthly sailing 每月班On-schedule arrival / departure 准班抵离Sailing frequency 航次密度ETA Estimated(Expected) Time of Arr

48、ival 可能到达时刻ETB Estimated（Expected）Time of Berthing 可能靠泊时刻ETCD Estimated Time of Commencing Discharge 可能开卸时刻ETCL Estimated Time of Commencing Loading 可能开装时刻ETD Estimated(Expected) Time of Departure 可能离泊时刻The sailing Schedule/Vessels are subject to change without prior notice。 船期/船舶如有变更将不作事先通知Closing

49、Date Last day on which export cargo can be accepted 截止申报时刻for a nominated sailing. Cut-off time Latest possible time the cargo may be delivered to 截关日 the vessel or designated point。 F. 港Base Port 差不多港POD Port of Discharge （DPORT） / port of delivery 卸港POD place of delivery 卸货地Port of Arrival / Depar

50、ture 抵达 / 驶离港POL Port of Loading （LPORT） 装港Port of Call 挂港2nd Leg 第二挂港FND Final Destination 交货目的地end of carrier liability where carrier delivers the cargo to consigneeSkip Over 跳（甩）港Change of port of call 改港Optional Port 选择港COD Change of Destination 更改目的地（改港）Deviate 弯（绕）港Diversions the route of a sh

51、ipment changed in transit from that shown on B/L 弯港Port congestion 压港（港口拥挤）Lay Time in Port 在港装卸时刻G码头Intercoastal water service between points on the Atlantic and the Pacific Coasts 美国东西岸水路运输Intermodal movement of cargo or container between motor，rail or water carriers 多式联运Port / Port 9 港口/码头（上港九区）D

52、ock 码头Quay 码头Terminal 班轮靠泊码头Container Terminal also referred to as a Container Yard (CY), A facility thatreceives full export containers from one shipper to loadingthe vessel and delivers full import containers to the consigneeafter; it is the same location where ocean vessels are loaded & unloaded.

53、 集装箱码头Wharf 靠泊码头Jetty 突堤码头STEVES Stevedores 码头工人Docker 码头工人Berth 泊位Loading Berth 装箱泊位Quayside / Apron 码头前沿Depot container freight station or a designated area where empty containers can be picked up or dropped off 集装箱堆场/储运站Container Loading List 集装箱装船报Bay plan 预配图 / 集装箱船积载图（表）Slot No。 舱位（号码）Pallet A

54、 platform with/without sides，on which packagesmay be loaded to facilitate handling 托盘Stacking Yard 集装箱堆场Bay number 排数Row number 列数Tier number 层高数L/W/H Length/Width/Height 长/宽/高On Deck containers 甲板以上装箱Under Deck containers ( below ship containers) 甲板以下装箱The ratio of under deck and on deck containers

55、 being 3 : 1 甲板上与舱内箱位数量比3：1Deck storage, normally treated as being stowed under deck,is definitely prone to accidents. 虽风险较大甲板装箱仍应视同舱内装箱The capacity utility rate 箱位利用率Load Factor percentage of loaded containers against total capacityof vessel or allocation 装船率（所装箱量占全船箱位或口岸配额之比例）TDR Terminal Departur

56、e Report 离码头报告H装、拆箱Pack/Stuff/Van （-ing） stowing cargo in a container 装箱Devanning the removal of cargo from a container。Also known as unstuffing，unpacking，unloading or stripping 拆箱Consolidation ( the combination of many small shipments into one container ) 拼装CLP Container Load Plan A document prepar

57、ed to show all details of cargo loaded in a container e.g. weight ( individual and total), measurement, markings, shippers, consignees, the origin & destination of goods and location of cargo within the container 集装箱配载图Container Number the unique identification of a container 箱号Seal 集装箱箱封Container S

58、eal Number the number of high security seals provided by the carrier 箱封号Locked and Sealed 集装箱已锁妥、封好Partial Shipment 分批装运I吊Shore Crane / Gantry Crane 岸吊Portainer 集装箱岸吊Mobile Crane 汽车吊Fork Lift 叉车Loading Platform 装卸平台J 保税Bonded Area 保税区Bonded Goods ( Goods in Bond) 保税物资Bonded Warehouse 保税库Caged stored

59、 at bonded warehouse 进入海关监管K 集卡Road Transportation 公路运输Lorry with IC Card 有白卡的集卡 Chassis a wheeled flat bed or a trailer to accommodate containers moving over the road 集卡Tractor 牵引车/拖头Low-bed 低平板车Trailer 拖车Transporter 拖车DST Double Stack Train，capable of carrying 2 x 40 可装2个高（双层）的火车Trucking Company 车

60、队（汽车运输公司）Haulage / Drayage 驳运/汽车陆运Truck Transfer 汽车驳运Axle load 轴负荷Tire-load 轮胎负荷Toll Gate 收费口L 船代Shipping agent 船舶代理Local shipping agent 当地船代Handling Agent 操作代理Booking Agent the party who secures FOB cargo 订舱代理Shipping Agency network 代理网络Boarding Agent / Clerk 代理外勤（登轮）Cargo Canvassing 揽货FFF Freight