2023版高三英语主题语境复习方案新教案：第2部分 主题群4 子主题2　科技发展与信息技术创新科学精神信息安全

1、 子主题(二)科技发展与信息技术创新，科学精神，信息安全阅读理解A(2020全国卷B)Some parents will buy any hightech toy if they think it will help their child，but researchers said puzzles help children with mathrelated skills.Psychologist Susan Levine，an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago，fo

2、und children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents income，education and the amount of parent talk，Levine said. The researchers analyzed video rec

3、ordings of 53 childparent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not，on tasks that assesse

4、d their ability to rotate(旋转) and translate shapes，”Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would，and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time.Higherincome parents tended to have children play with puzzles more

5、 frequently，and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.However，boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls，and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than the parents of girls.The findings were published

6、in the journal Developmental Science.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了接触智力游戏有助于孩子发展与数学相关的技能，特别是孩子的空间技能。1In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?ABuilding confidence.BDeveloping spatial skills.CLearning selfcontrol.DGaining hightech knowledge.B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Psychologist Susan Levine.found children who play

7、with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.” 以及第三段内容可知，孩子们通过玩智力游戏可以培养空间技能。故选B。2What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment?AParents age.BChildrens imagination.CParents education.DChildparent relationship.C细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Puzzle play was found to b

8、e a significant predictor of cognition (认知) after controlling for differences in parents income，education and the amount of parent talk，Levine said.”可知，Levine 在设计实验时，考虑到了父母的收入、教育程度以及与孩子说话的多少。故选C。3How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play?AThey play with puzzles more often.BThey tend to talk less

9、during the game.CThey prefer to use more spatial language.DThey are likely to play with tougher puzzles.D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“However，boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls.”可知，男孩较女孩而言，倾向于玩更复杂的智力游戏。故选D。4What is the text mainly about?AA mathematical method.BA scientific study.CA woman

10、psychologist.DA teaching program.B主旨大意题。阅读全文内容，尤其是最后一段“The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.”可知，该篇文章主要介绍的是一项科学研究。故选B。B(2020天津7月卷C)For people who are interested in sound，the field of sound technology is definitely making noise.In the past，sound engineers worked in the back

11、 rooms of recording studios，but many of todays sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound.Sound can be used as a weapon.Imagine that a police officer is chasing a thief.The thief tries

12、 to escape.And the officer cant let him get away.He pulls out a special device，points it at the suspect，and switches it on.The thief drops to the ground.This new weapon is called a Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD，远程定向声波发射器)It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a pers

13、on.The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and travels only into the ears of that person，but it is not deadly.For those who hunger for some peace and quiet，sound can now create silence.Lets say you are at the airport，and the little boy on the seat next to you is humming (哼唱) a short

14、commercial song.He hums it over and over again，and you are about to go crazy.Thanks to the Silence Machine，a British invention，you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents.One may wonder how the Silence Machine works.Well，it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming s

15、ound and creating a second set of outgoing waves.The two sets of waves cancel each other out.Simply turn the machine on，point it at the target，and your peace and quiet comes back.Directed sound is a new technology that allows companies to use sound in much the same way spotlights (聚光灯) are used in t

16、he theater.A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly，a “spotsound” creates a circle of sound in one targeted area.This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract customers.Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with th

17、e various food choices on the menu，allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining.Directed sound is also beginning to appear in shopping centers and even at homes.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了声音技术领域的三项发明。5What could be inferred from Paragraph 2 about the effect of the LRAD?AIt causes t

18、emporary hearing loss.BIt slows down a running man.CIt makes it easy to identify a suspect.DIt keeps the suspect from hurting others.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person.”可知，远程定向声波发射器会发出一种震耳欲聋的声音，这种声音让人非常痛苦，会使人暂时残疾。由此可知，这种暂时残疾就是暂时性失聪，所以选择A项。6T

19、he Silence Machine is a device specially designed to _Asilence the people around youBremove the sound of commercialsCblock the incoming sound wavesDstop unwanted sound from affecting youD细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Well，it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoin

20、g waves.and your peace and quiet comes back.”可知，Silence Machine能避免不必要的声音影响你，所以选择D项。7What feature do spotsounds and spotlights share?AThey travel in circles.BThey clear the atmosphere.CThey can be transformed into energy.DThey can be directed onto a specific area.D细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A spotlight lights up

21、only one section of a stage；similarly，a spotsound creates a circle of sound in one targeted area.”可知，spotsound和spotlight的共同点是它们可以被引导到一个特定的区域，所以选择D项。8Directed sound can be used for _Acreative designs of restaurant menusBideal sound effects on the theater stageCdifferent choices of music for businesse

22、sDstrict control over any suspicious customerC细节理解题。根据第四段中的“This can be useful for businesses.Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu，allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining.”可知，Directed sound可以用于公司为顾客提供不同的音乐，所以选择C项

23、。9What does the passage focus on?AHow professionals invented sound products.BInventions in the field of sound technology.CThe growing interest in the study of sound.DHow sound engineers work in their studios.B主旨大意题。作者在第一段中抛出话题“声音技术”，并在第二、三、四段中介绍了声音技术领域的三个产品。由此可知，文章主要关注的是声音技术领域的发明，所以选择B项。C(2021全国乙卷B)

24、When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline (座机)?These days youd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesnt own a mobile phone.In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket.Practically everyo

25、ne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey (调查)Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that its not really necessary an

26、d theyre keeping it as a security blanket19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies.I think my home falls into that category.More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone.Age is naturally a factor (因素)only 58 perc

27、ent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers whove perhaps had the same home number for 50 years.Age isnt the only factor; Id say its also to do with the makeup of your household.Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find

28、it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member.That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID w

29、ould take the fun out of it)How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries?10What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?ATheir target users.BTheir wide popularity.CTheir major functions.DTheir complex design.11What

30、does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?AAdmit.BArgue.CRemember.DRemark.12What can we say about Baby Boomers?AThey like smartphone games.BThey enjoy guessing callers identity.CThey keep using landline phones.DThey are attached to their family.13What can be inferred about the landline

31、from the last paragraph?AIt remains a family necessity.BIt will fall out of use some day.CIt may increase daily expenses.DIt is as important as the gas light.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了现在几乎每个人都用手机，但还有超过一半的澳大利亚的家庭在使用座机。文章主要阐述了产生这一现象的原因。10B推理判断题。根据文章第二段的内容可知，该段主要是说，在澳大利亚现在很难找到15岁以上还没有手机的人，而事实上很多小孩子的口袋里都有一部手机。由此可推知，

32、在澳大利亚使用手机的人越来越多，手机在广泛地流行起来。故选B。11A词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的下文可知，调查显示，在仍然使用座机的澳大利亚人中，有三分之一的人认为座机并不是真的有必要，他们只是把座机看作是一种安全保障。故画线词所在句是说，有三分之一的人承认座机不是必须要有的东西。由此可推断concede意为“承认”，故选A。12C细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“.compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers whove perhaps had the same home number for 50 years.”和第五段中的“.the only people

33、 who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents.”可知，相比之下，在生育高峰期出生的人中，有84%的人可能已经拥有同样的座机号码50年了。显然，他们一直在使用座机。故选C。13B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，作者用煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶的例子，暗示座机将来有一天可能像它们一样在我们的日常生活中消失。故选B。D(2021全国乙卷D)During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about ofte

34、n.Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰)in his open office, he said, “Thats why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street so I can focus.”His comment struck me as strange.After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局)But I recently came across a study t

35、hat shows why his approach works.The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking.They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels(分贝)，70 decibels, and 85

36、decibels.The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however，the participants in the 70 decibels groupthose exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop significantly outperformed the other groups.Since the effects were small, this may s

37、uggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noisenot too loud and not total silencemay actually improve o

38、nes creative thinking ability.The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus.This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.So why do

39、so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we cant stop ourselves from getting drawn into others conversations while were trying to focus.Indeed, the researchers found that facetoface interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking s

40、pace or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.14Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space? AIt helps him concentrate.BIt blocks out background noise.CIt has a pleasant atmosphere.DIt encourages facetoface interactions.15Which level of

41、 background noise may promote creative thinking ability? ATotal silence.B50 decibels.C70 decibels.D85 decibels.16What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?APersonal privacy unprotected.BLimited working space.CRestrictions on group discussion.DConstant interruptions.17What can we infer about

42、 the author from the text?AHes a news reporter.BHes an office manager.CHes a professional designer.DHes a published writer.【语篇解读】作者通过引用研究者对噪声的研究，得出“特定程度的噪声最适合人们进行创造性思维”这一结论，进而说明共享办公空间与创造性思维能力之间的联系：前者既提供了一定程度的噪声，又提供了免受打扰的自由。14A细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Thats why I have a membership at the coworking space acros

43、s the streetso I can focus.”可知，采访者是街对面的共享工作空间的会员，在那里他能集中精力。所以，那位采访者更喜欢共享工作空间的原因是那里有助于他集中精力。故选A。15C细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“.the participants in the 70 decibels groupthose exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shopsignificantly outperformed the other groups.”可知，70分贝组的参与者的测试结果最好

44、，显然70分贝的背景噪声可以提高创造性思维能力。故选C。16D推理判断题。根据题干中的open office和unwelcome可以查找到最后一段。根据最后一段中的“.we cant stop ourselves from getting drawn into others conversations while were trying to focus.”以及while also providing freedom from interruptions可知，开放式办公室不受欢迎的原因是人们会不断地受到打扰。故选D。17D推理判断题。根据文章第一句中的“During an interview

45、for one of my books”可知，作者在为自己的一本书接受采访的时候留意到这个问题(即共享办公空间与创造性思维能力之间的联系)，由此可以判断作者是一位作家。故选D。1psychologist n心理学家2frequently adv.频繁地3professional n专家；专业人员4phenomenon n现象5temporarily adv.临时地6atmosphere n大气；氛围7landline n座机8concede vt.承认；退让9distraction n分神，干扰10layout n布局，设计11statistically adv.统计上地12response

46、n回应1puzzle v迷惑 n谜2control v控制3point v指 n点4deadly adj.致命的5upset adj.沮丧 v使不安6stage n舞台，阶段7quarter n四分之一；一刻钟1assess v评估assessment n评估2state v陈述n.statement 陈述3disable v使失去能力disability n残疾，失能4direct v指示，指导direction n方向5practice n实践，练习 practically adv.实际上6deliver v交付；发表；递送delivery n交付；分娩；递送7differ vi.不同 d

47、ifferent adj.不同的8strength n力量；力气strengthen v加强1thanks to 幸亏，由于2in case of 以防万一3to be honest 说实话4similar to 与相似5in response to 对的反应即时演练单句语法填空1David has a strong body.He has the strength to do this hard work.We had better strengthen(strength) the relationship between us.2The mirrors are controlled (co

48、ntrol) by a computer that directs them to turn along with the sun throughout the day and to close during windy weather.3I was upset to find(find) my wallet missing on arriving at the airport.4She had had the foresight to prepare herself financially in case of an accident.5You talk about someones del

49、ivery(deliver) when you are referring to the way in which they give a speech or lecture.6She was a hard pressed (press) personal assistant to a crazy company chairman.熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思)1The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability

50、 to rotate(旋转) and translate shapes.变换；转换2The thief drops to the ground.倒下3For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence.渴望.似易实难(将句中黑体词部分译成汉语)1I think my home falls into that category.译文 我觉得我的家就属于此类。2Indeed, the researchers found that facetoface interactions and convers

51、ations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.译文 的确，研究人员发现，面对面地互动交流影响创造过程，而同时，一个公共空间或者咖啡馆提供一定程度的噪音，也防止被干扰到。.复杂晦涩(分析句子结构并译成汉语)1Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics develop

52、ment in young children at the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.分析本句是复合句。主句主语是Psychologist Susan Levine，其后跟了一个较长的同位语结构。who引导定语从句，修饰前面的children。译文心理学家苏珊莱文是芝加哥大学幼儿算术能力开发的专家，她发现在24岁之间玩拼图游戏的孩子后期都发展出更好的空间技能。2The researcher

53、s analyzed video recordings of 53 childparent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.分析本句主语是the researchers，谓语部分有两个，analyzed video recordings和found children.have be

54、tter spatial skills。who引导定语从句，修饰children；when后面跟过去分词短语，相当于状语从句。译文研究人员分析了53对孩子和父母在家中日常活动的录像，发现当在54个月大评估时，26个月到46个月大的玩拼图游戏的孩子有更好的空间技能。3In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of todays sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with prof

55、essionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound.分析本句是由but连接的两个分句构成。but前的分句是个简单句。but后分句的主语是many of todays sound professionals，谓语部分是are sharing., to create new products是目的状语，based on the phenomenon是过去分词短语作定语，修饰products，we call sound是定语从句，修饰phenomenon，省略了引导词that/w

56、hich。译文过去音响工程师在录音棚的后台工作，但现在的很多音响专业人员则和其他领域的专业人员分享他们的知识和经验，以便创造出基于我们称之为“声音”这种现象的新产品。4That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun

57、out of it)分析本句是一个复合句。that said是习语，意为“话虽如此”，表示转折，相当于however。主句是the only people are our Baby Boomers parents。第一个who引出的是一个定语从句，修饰people。to the point意为“达到这种程度或地步”，后面的where引导定语从句，修饰point。第二个who引出的是一个宾语从句，作guess的宾语。before引导的是时间状语从句。译文话虽如此，但老实说，用座机给我们家打过电话的人只是“婴儿潮一代”的父母，以至于我们在接电话之前会玩猜猜谁打来电话的游戏(使用来电显示就失去乐趣了

58、)。1amount n数量 v总计，相当于(1)“a huge/large amount of不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数(2)“huge amounts of不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数(3)amount to 总计；达到a huge amount of coal 大量的煤炭huge amounts of waste 大量的垃圾amount to a refusal 相当于拒绝基础练习单句语法填空A good amount of sleep every night is(be) important for your health.The total sales of the

59、company didnt amount to more than a million dollars.能力提升一句多译为了缓解交通压力，迄今为止已经花了大量的钱修新公路。In order to ease the traffic pressure, a huge/large amount of money has been spent on the new highways so far.(amount)In order to ease the traffic pressure, huge/large amounts of money have been spent on the new hi

60、ghways so far.(amounts)2point n观点；地点；要点；阶段；分数 v指向；面向；暗示(1)on the point of 正要的时候(2)from ones point of view在某人看来(3)there is no point of doing sth.做某事没有意义make a point of doing sth.特意做某事(4)to the point切题；off the point离题(5)point out指出make a note of the key points in class 在课堂上记下要点on the point of saying s