2023版高三英语主题语境复习方案新教案：第3部分 主题群1 子主题2　人与环境、人与动植物

1、 子主题(二)人与环境、人与动植物阅读理解A(2020全国卷D)The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research.Recent studies have found positive effects.A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example，discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.In another，employees

2、were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step furtherchanging the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions.These inclu

3、de plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.“Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day，” explained Michael Strano，a professor of che

4、mical engineering at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光) in experiments using some common vegetables.Stranos team found that they could create a faint light for threeandahalf hours.The light，about onethousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start.The technolog

5、y，Strano said，could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into selfpowered street lamps.In the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a oneoff treatment that would last the plants lifetime.The engineers are also trying

6、 to develop an on and off“switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US.Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highwaya lo

7、t of energy is lost during transmission(传输)Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.【语篇解读】本文介绍了与植物有关的研究，重点介绍了发光植物的相关内容。1What is the first paragraph mainly about?AA new study of different plants.BA big fall in crime rates.CEmployees from various workplaces.DBenefits fr

8、om green plants.D段落大意题。根据第一段第二句“Recent studies have found positive effects.” 可知，D选项“Benefits from green plants”能概括本段内容。2What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers?ATo detect plants lack of water.BTo change compositions of plants.CTo make the life of plants longer.DT

9、o test chemicals in plants.A细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water.”可知，A选项正确。根据该句后半部分“a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.”可知，干扰项D选项错误。3What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?AThey will

10、 speed up energy production.BThey may transmit electricity to the home.CThey might help reduce energy consumption.DThey could take the place of power plants.C推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是最后一句“Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.”可推知，在未来发光的植物可能有助于减少能源消耗。4Which of the followi

11、ng can be the best title for the text?ACan We Grow More Glowing Plants?BHow Do We Live with Glowing Plants?CCould Glowing Plants Replace Lamps?DHow Are Glowing Plants Made Pollutionfree?C标题归纳题。文章第一段点明植物的积极作用；第二段是有关植物的其他方面的功能的研究；第三段说明最新的研究表明植物可以发光；第四段是有关将来要开发的一种用在植物叶子上的技术及研究植物发光是否可以“打开”和“关上”；第五段表述能量在

12、传输中损失很多，或许发光植物可以解决这一问题。故C选项(发光的植物能代替灯吗？)最能凸显本文主题。B(2020全国卷B)When “Rise of the Planet of the Apes” was first shown to the public last month，a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard.But they werent there to throw red paint on furcoatwearing film stars.Instead，one activist，dr

13、essed in a fullbody monkey suit，had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks for not using real apes(猿)！” The creative team behind “Apes” used motioncapture(动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals，spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actors performanc

14、e and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image(图像)In this case，one of a realisticlooking ape.Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule.In fact，Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately.One nonprofit organization，which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertai

15、nment，is keeping tabs on more than 2，000 productions this year.Already，a number of films，including “Water for Elephants，” “The Hangover Part ” and “Zookeeper，” have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them havent been treated properly.In some cases，its not so much the treatm

16、ent of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; its the offset training and living conditions that are raising concerns.And there are questions about the films made outside the States，which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States.【语篇解读】猩球崛起电影制作人

17、使用了数字化的猿猴作主演，动物保护者对此深表感激。但是在电影行业中有很多动物演员受到了不公正的对待，这需要引起人们的关注。5Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard?ATo see famous film stars.BTo oppose wearing fur coats.CTo raise money for animal protection.DTo express thanks to some filmmakers.D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Instead，one activist，dressed in a

18、 fullbody monkey suit，had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers：Thanks for not using real apes(猿)！”可知，动物保护者在Hollywood Boulevard集会是为了向一些电影制片人表示感谢，故D项正确。6What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?AThe cost of making “Apes”BThe creation of digitalized apes.CThe publicity about “Apes”DThe performanc

19、e of real apes.B段落大意题。根据第二段中的“The creative team behind Apes used motioncapture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals.records an actors performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像)”可以判断，本段主要介绍了数字化猿猴的创作，故选B。7What does the underlined phrase “keeping t

20、abs on” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?AListing completely.BDirecting professionally.CPromoting successfully.DWatching carefully.D词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“One nonprofit organization，which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment”可知，该非营利性组织旨在监督电影娱乐业对待动物的方式，所以画线短语与monitor(监督)意义最为接近，故D项“密切关注”正确。8Wh

21、at can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors?AThey may be badly treated.BThey should take further training.CThey could be traded illegally.DThey would lose popularity.A推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In some cases，its not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists wor

22、ried；its the offset training and living conditions that are raising concerns.”可以推断，动物演员可能受到了不公正的对待，故A项正确。C(2021新高考卷C)When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.Native Americans had taken care of these

23、precious natural resources wisely.Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.Millions of waterfowl(水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen.Millions of acres of we

24、tlands were dried to feed and house the everincreasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(栖息地)In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory(迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands s

25、o vital to their survival.Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp.The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by JN.“Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by Presiden

26、t Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey.Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for in

27、clusion into the National Wildlife Refuge Systema fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come.Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Progr

28、am has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.9What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?ALoss of wetlands.BPopularity of water sports.CPollution of rivers.DArrival of other wild animals.10What does the underlined word “decimate” mean

29、in the first paragraph?AAcquire.BExport.CDestroy.DDistribute.11What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?AThe stamp price has gone down.BThe migratory birds have flown away.CThe hunters have stopped hunting.DThe government has collected money.12Which of the following is a suitable title for

30、the text?AThe Federal Duck Stamp StoryBThe National Wildlife Refuge SystemCThe Benefits of Saving WaterfowlDThe History of Migratory Bird Hunting【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了美国的联邦鸭票计划的由来和它的意义。该计划启动于1934年，其收入用来保护美国数百万英亩沼泽湿地中的水禽，并要求所有年满16岁的水禽狩猎者必须购买美国鸭票。9A细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to fe

31、ed and house the everincreasing populations，greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.”可知，数百万英亩的湿地的流失导致了水禽数量不断减少。故选A项。10C词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句的上文可知，探险家们第一次踏上北美大陆时，北美洲有着多种多样的野生动物。由画线单词所在的句子“Unfortunately，it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resou

32、rces.”可知，此处讲述的是不幸的事情，并与上文存在转折关系。故此处表达的是，这些探险者和定居者只用了几十年的时间就摧毁了这些资源的大部分。分析选项可知，decimate与destroy的含义相近，故选C项。11D推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句中的“About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat.”可推知，1934年颁布的法案的直接结果是政府筹集到了保护野生动物的

33、资金。故选D项。12A主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了美国联邦的鸭票计划的由来和它的意义。所以本文是围绕The Federal Duck Stamp来展开文章内容的，故最佳标题应为A项The Federal Duck Stamp Story(联邦鸭票的故事)。D(2021全国甲卷B)Port Lympne Reserve，which runs a breeding(繁育) programme，has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf(犀牛幼崽)When the tiny creature arrived on January

34、 31，she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve.And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival，especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity(圈养)Paul Beer，head of rhino section at Port Lympne，said: “Obviously were all absolutely delight

35、ed to welcome another calf to our black rhino family.Shes healthy，strong and already eager to play and explore.Her mother，Solio，is a firsttime mum and she is doing a fantastic job.Its still a little too cold for them to go out into the open，but as soon as the weather warms up，I have no doubt that th

36、e little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve，but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild.The first rhino to be born at Port Ly

37、mpne arrived on January 5 to firsttime mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg.His mother，grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.According to the World Wildlife Fund，the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5，500，giving the rhinos a “criticall

38、y endangered” status.13Which of the following best describes the breeding programme?ACostly.BControversial.CAmbitious. DSuccessful.14What does Paul Beer say about the newborn rhino?AShe loves staying with her mother.BShe dislikes outdoor activities.CShe is in good condition.DShe is sensitive to heat

39、.15What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have?AThey had their first born in January.BThey enjoyed exploring new places.CThey lived with their grandmothers.DThey were brought to the reserve young.16What can be inferred about Port Lympne Reserve?AThe rhino section will be open to the public.BIt

40、aims to control the number of the animals.CIt will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.DSome of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.【语篇解读】在Port Lympne保护区降生了一头罕见的黑犀牛幼崽，这种稀有动物因很难圈养繁殖，因此尤其珍贵。13D推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“When the tiny creature arrived on January 31，she became the 40th blac

41、k rhino to be born at the reserve.”以及倒数第二段中的“The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5.His mother，grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.”可推知，该保护区的繁育计划是成功的。故选D项。14C细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Shes healthy，strong and already eager to play and explo

42、re.”可知，新出生的犀牛状态良好。故选C项。15A细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“When the tiny creature arrived on January 31.”、第二段中的“Her mother，Solio，is a firsttime mum.”和第三段第二句“The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to firsttime mother Kisima.”可知，两头犀牛幼崽都于一月出生，而且Solio和Kisima这两头母犀牛都是第一次生产。故选A项。16D推理判断题。根据第三段第一句中的“.

43、but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild.”可推知，有一些黑犀牛也许会被送到野生动物保护区。故选D项。1subject n课程；主题2crime n犯罪3actual adj实际的4treatment n对待，治疗5remove v去除6source n来源7remote adj.遥远的8creative adj.有创造力的9motion n运动10continent n大陆；洲11especially adv

44、.尤其，特别，格外12adorable adj.可爱的，值得敬重的13anger n生气14creature n生物15properly adv.合适地16candidate n候选人，候补者；应试者1step n步；步骤2variety n多样；种类3arrival n到达4eager adj.渴望的，热切的5final adj.最后的6weigh vi.&vt.重量为；权衡7survival n幸存；幸存者；生存8generation n代；(产品类型的)代；产生1science n科学scientific adj.科学的2critical adj.决定性的，批评的critically a

45、dv.危急地，严重地；很大程度上3rare adj.稀有的，杰出的 rarely adv.很少地，罕有地4politics n政治学 political adj.政治的；政治上的；政党的5annual adj.每年的 annually adv.每年；年年6doubt n&v.怀疑 doubtful adj.可疑的，疑心的7include v包括，包含 inclusion n包含1short of 缺乏2set foot upon 踏上3be alive with 充满4a handful of 一把；一小撮；少数5(out)in/into the open 在户外，去户外即时演练单句语法填空1

46、We want all our students to develop into mature citizens who are able to think critically(critical)2In fact, cultural diversity(diverse) is what makes our world so rich and so colorful.3If he didnt have a secretary to remind him, he wouldnt keep any of his appointments(appoint)4The ready availabilit

47、y(available) of guns has contributed to the everincreasing violence.5Finally (final) he lost his patience and started to yell at his mother.6I thought I would be punished for the broken glasses but I ended up being praised (praise) for my honesty.7On the way to the valley, sometimes we slept out in

48、the open with nothing above us but the stars.8In the movie, he plays a concerned (concern) and sensitive father trying to bring up two teenage children on his own.熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思)1The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research.研究对象2Were thinking about how

49、 we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day.改变的基因结构3The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild.成为.似易实难(将句中黑体词部

50、分译成汉语)1The light, about onethousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start.译文这种光大约有阅读所需光线的千分之一，仅仅处在早期阶段。2In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a oneoff treatment that would last the plants lifetime.译文将来，研究团队希望开发一种技术，

51、可以一次性喷洒到植物叶面，能伴随植物一生。3Its still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.译文 对它们来说，现在去户外依然很冷，但是，一旦天气转暖，我相信这只小黑犀牛就能够外出走动，每天探索和玩耍。.复杂晦涩(分析句子结构并译成汉语)1The engineers at

52、 the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have taken it a step furtherchanging the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions.分析本句是一个简单句。主语是the engineers，谓语部分是have taken it a step further，破折号后用来解释说明，changing the actual composition of plants为结果状语，in

53、order to.是目的状语。译文麻省理工学院的工程师们又向前迈出了一步改变植物的实际成分，让它们起到不同的、甚至不寻常的作用。2The creative team behind “Apes” used motioncapture technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actors performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create

54、a final image.分析本句是复合句。主句的主语是the creative team，谓语部分是used motioncapture technology，不定式结构to create digitalized animals是目的状语，spending tens of millions of dollars on technology现在分词短语作状语，that引导定语从句修饰technology，从句中的谓语有两部分，即records和processes。译文“大猩猩”背后的创意团队使用动作捕捉技术来创建数字化的动物，花费数千万美元用于记录演员的表演，并随后利用电脑图形对其进行加工以

55、创建最终图像。3Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants，”“The Hangover Part ” and “Zookeeper，” have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them havent been treated properly.分析本句是复合句。主句主语是a number of films，谓语部分是have drawn the anger of activists，who引导定语从句修饰activists，动词

56、say后面是宾语从句，省略了引导词that，从句中主语是the creatures, 谓语是havent been treated properly，acting in them是现在分词短语作定语，修饰creatures。译文包括大象的眼泪、宿醉、动物园看守在内的许多电影已经引起了动物保护者的愤怒，他们说在其中参演的动物没有被善待。4The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will ma

57、ke good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild.分析本句由but连接的两个并列句构成。but前面的分句是主系表结构的简单句，born this year at the reserve为过去分词短语，用作后置定语修饰rhino。but后边是复合句，其中it is too early是主句，it作形式主语，to tell.是真正的主语，if表示“是否”，引导名词性从句，作tell的宾语；if从句中的to be returned to protected areas of the wild为不定式短语作后置定语，修饰c

58、andidates。译文这只可爱的小母牛是今年在保护区出生的第二只黑犀牛，但是现在要说这些小犀牛是否能够送回野生保护区，还为时尚早。1expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临expose.to.使显露/暴露于/接触到(be)exposed to.暴露于；处于危险中expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible让孩子受到尽可能多的艺术和文化熏陶be exposed to dangerous chemicals身处危险的化学品中基础练习单句语法填空I am repeatedly exposed to the basic words

59、 and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas.There are more than 740 million Chinese exposed(expose) to secondhand smoking in public places now.Some people think we shouldnt expose the children to computer games.能力提升完成句子/句式升级普通表达：If you expose yourself to (把自己暴露在)the sunlight for too lo

60、ng, you will get your skin harmed.高级表达： Exposing yourself to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.(动名词短语作主语)2case n情况；病例；案例in case以防；以防万一in case of假使；如果in this/that case 如果是这样/那样的话in any case无论如何；不管怎样in no case 决不(置于句首时，句子要部分倒装)as is often the case 这是常有的事a classic case of bad manag