语料库课程论文

1、Term paper for Corpus Linguistics and EFL TeachingItem investigatedDistinguishing LOOK, SEE and WA TCH with corpus evidenceDataLOB (Z:ECLOB)Corpus tools usedAntConc 3.4.4 (Laurence Anthony, 2014) (concordance, collocates)FindingsColligation patternsIn 194 concordance lines AntConc generated from LOB

2、, the colligation patterns of SEE as a verb can be summarized as follows: sb + SEE+(a/an/the) sth / sbThis pattern is used to emphasize the result of seeing. For example, to see the new musical to see a clear realization I see an aeroplane him down there to see mesb + SEE + sb+ do/doing We see him s

3、wimmingsb + SEE + a clause and see what he says before to see that their children have to see how the persistentIn 99 concordance lines AntConc generated from LOB, there are 23 hints in which DEMANDis used as noun, and in the rest 76 hints, LOOK is used as a verb. the colligation patterns of LOOKas

4、a verb can be summarized as follows:LOOK + prep (at/after/for/in. etc.)This pattern is used to emphasize the movement of seeing. For example,Take a good look at the namesefforts to look for an absoluteLOOK + adj as linking verbSusan Small look well atLOOK + advbut they look uncommonlyhe looked hopef

5、ullyLOOK + sth as an intransitive verbMel looked every inch as goodLook! Grey squirrels didATCH asIn 173 concordance lines AntConc generated from LOB, the colligation patterns of W a verb can be summarized as follows:WATCH + sth as an intransitive verbThis pattern is used to emphasize the process of

6、 seeing. For example,To watch Christmas browsingHospital to watch operationsAnd watched the empty corridorWATCH + sb + doing/doand watch him shoeing a horseDiana watched her aunt presiding behind theHe watched her goHe watched her walk to the doorWATCH + a clausehad to watch where I put my feet in c

7、ase I fell.Watch that little tin thingWATCH + for W ATCH as a transitive verb.This pattern usually means waiting for and be careful. For example,To watch for the prison flagAnd watched for the flight4.2 CollocatesThe collocates of SEE from 2L to 2R were identified by AntConc and are listed in the ta

8、ble below. The total frequencies of the collocates as well as their frequencies on the left and right context of SEE are also reported.CollocatesFrequency (L:R)CollocatesFrequency(L:R)to52 (47:5)be15 (15:0)a45 (16:29)we13 (11:2)the32 (2:30)it12 (0:12)in17 (0:17)you10 (9:1)As seen from the table, SEE

9、 most frequently collocates with function words, such as w,eto, he, you,the, a, in, it Pronouns such as weyou have higher frequencies on the left context than on the right.It does seem to collocate with content words. In term of the use of prepositions, “to has the highest frequency tEE because ato

10、more often appears on the left of SEE as infinitive to. Through the identification of Antconc, collocates of LOOK from 2L to 2R are listed as below.CollocatesFrequency (L:R)CollocatesFrequency(L:R)a37 (23:14)like12 (0:13)at28 (2:26)and10 (7:3)to17 (13:4)for9 (0:9)the14(4:10)as8(2:6)As seen from the

11、chart, LOOK also mostly collocates with function words likeat, to, “the, a,like, for, and, as It does not seem to collocate with content words. In term of the use of prepositions,at hOtsgiier frequency than other prep, “ LOOK at“ often used than “look for andlook likein LOB. And “to m ore often appe

12、ars on the left of LOOK as infinitive to.2.2.3. Through the identification of Antconc, collocates of WATCH from 2L to 2R are listed as below.CollocatesFrequency (L:R)CollocatesFrequency(L:R)the49 (10:39)him19 (2:17)and36(28:8)her18 (3:15)to28 (28:0)she15(13:2)he20(15:5)as15(8:7)As seen from the tabl

13、e, WATCH most frequently collocates with function words, such as“ sheto,and, the, as Pronouns such as heshe have higher frequencies on the left context than on the right. This suggests that the pronouns are used more often in the pattern“ sbWATCH than in “ WACH sb.In term of the use of prepositions,

14、 “to has the highest frequency “toWATCH because “to more often appears on the left of WATCH as infinitive to .5. Implications for teachingSEE, LOOK and WATCH as verb is an expression of seeing. It particularly useful in conversation. However, it does seem to appear often in textbooks. It is often us

15、ed by Chinese students too. However, when students come across these verbs, guidance and instruction is probably necessary for them to understand and master the form, the meaning as well as the use of it. It is especially important to explain to the students about the difference of these verbs, so t

16、hat the students are aware of when and where to use it appropriately.When teaching, the teachers can make use of native speaker corpora, as important complementary materials to the textbooks. Examples from corpora can be used to help the students notice the authentic use of these verbs and acquire i

17、t. In addition, teachers can consciously use these verbs in class after it is introduced so that the students have a deeper and more vivid impression of it.Word count: 1043References何安平语料库辅助英语教学入门M,北京；外语教学与研究出版社，2012Appendix:Grammar words see, look and watch1. Look at the lines and find the groups:1

18、) See sb do/doing sth2)Look+ prep (at/after/for/in. etc.) 3)Watch + sth as an intransitive verbCan you find any useful expressions? Underline them3eat at Foulsham when he AS4 177 a young man removing piping frd that OPhCJ James Dent A34 185Bower remo/ing the guttering.ghes said he would 6Q have to s

19、ee OMn Burley, the commercial mar64 to him.* * Later DMr. Hughes adw Ihatthecar had gone. A35 65s agreed that he had A35 66 never cc n the mon before, and had only set seen the man before, and had only spen him once sinc&. AHe wa A35 6 spicious or anything.*八 When he sav-/ Fenwick on the Sunday he w

20、as A三 of anyone in court. ABut he had seen a man at the gate. A35 75 |ASaid85 driver looked back and I could see it was the same man who had stooc ing towards Sussex Street when he ;干 a green Ford A35 107 Zephyr par lington through West Auckland they sav A35 155 another car approachir 17 74 |AT0The

21、incident 闷as later seen on television, and father records iA37 171 | A*0ln her studior I 3d p; several picture占 diredl/ inspired by tl ar AJ7 225 that when councillors 一.the name of the hotel one of them y犯 95 6Od. to 50s., the latter in OF. S, GedukL A38 96 |A*0lndus numb2 1r of firn spots A38 104

22、are set?】in engineerings. ABuildings have7 A*Huge chap. ASometirres we see him swimming about beneath the reasonably well-pa id and many look attractive.* BOG 224 |ABut I most usefully combined with 己 look at local government finance. BC uiet incisive B08 204 speech he 。口后 the part too*- executive d

23、irectB13 98 in Africa. Bl 3 99 |A Look at it again act by act. Bl 3 100 rican history. B13 113 1AAs he looks at the mess he has left behind |Alf you want evidence of tht look at the wrangle now going on ir inee to make the Health Service look as if it B1A 33 costs less. 814 ； 5 Bl 4 1 26 co me to ta

24、ke a close look at what is going wrong. B14 12 rcess story. ABut it is my tsk to ouk B14 163 critically and construe 4 |AThe local health authority looks after maternity services, child significant part of the bill. ALets look at it B14 216 Alt has more thai jQ many B16 62 non-Christians 3akto Chris

25、tians fora lead. Aln soc /. 81G 69 | B16 70 |AltOOn Dokatth University newspaper wc ureasonably well-paid and many Ig ok attractive/* B06 224 |ABut ： most usefully combined with a look at local governmenl finance. I 3luietr incisive B08 204 speech he looks the part too*- executive direiB13 98 in Africa, B13 99 |A Look at it ag5in 5Ct by act. Bl3 10C rican history. B13 113 |AAs he looks at the mess he has left behir|Alf you want evidence of that look at the wrangle now going on Snce to make the Health Ser