高考英语写作增分关键环节详解

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3、ub.topsa/forum-136-1.html 大家网论坛高中英语版收集整理，仅供学习交流使用！高考英语写作增分关键环节详解善用句型语法和词汇 很多考生在面对高考英语作文部分时往往觉得无从下手，只能机械地写出几个连自己都觉得太平淡的简单句因此造成较多失分。其原因很明显：首先，在听说读写四项技能中，写作无疑是难度最大的一项。其次，大家平时最容易忽视的，最缺乏练习的就是写作。 然而，高考写作是有规律可循的。通过恰当的练习，考生们完全可以在较短的时间内取得较大的提高，这在新东方的课堂是屡见不鲜的。 高考作文采用总体评分方式，评分标准集中在四个方面： 1.覆盖所有内容要点； 2.应用了较多的语法结

4、构和词汇； 3.在使用复杂结构或高级词汇时允许有些许错误； 4.有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，全文结构紧凑。 大部分考生在句型词汇及句子连接方面达不到要求，导致低分。本文以2001年考题为例，谈一谈如何运用较复杂的句型语法结构和词汇。 2001年考题： 假设你是李华,你的澳大利亚朋友Dick听说中国的中小学正在减轻学生的学习负担, 来信询问有关情况。请你根据下表提供的信息，写一封回信，谈一谈减负给你的学习和生活带来的变化。 周末活动 （减负前） 周末活动：（减负后） 白天： 上课，做作业 白天： 餐馆博物馆，学习电脑，绘画 晚上：做作业 晚上： 看新闻，读书，看报 就寝时间： 11：30 就寝

5、时间： 10：00 注意： 1词数为100左右 2开头已为你写好 3生词： 减轻学习负担reduce learning load Dear Dick， How nice to hear from you again. 当年大部分考生只是对图表进行了简单的翻译，导致文章异常单调、重复，分数很不理想。如何才能在简单的内容上运用较复杂的句型词汇呢？考生在写“减负前”的情况时只会简单地写: I always had classes and did homework in the daytime and did homework at night. I often went to bed at 11:3

6、0. 这无异于简单机械地翻译中文！得分可想而知！ 其实考生完全可以使用学过的比较复杂的句型语法结构。例如我们可以使用tooto句型：I was too busy having classes and doing homework at weekends to go to bed before 11:30. 我们也可以使用定语从句: I used to spend whole weekends attending classes and doing homework, which often kept me up until 11:30 at night. 我们还可以使用倒装句：Not unti

7、l 11:30 PM could I go to bed because I had to finish my homework after having lessons by day. 或者：So busy was I attending classes and doing homework that I could not go to sleep before 11:30 at night. 我们甚至还可以使用拟人手法：Weekends used to find me attending school and doing homework. 由此读者可以看出：高分和低分的作文的区别主要体现

8、在语言形式方面。故考生努力的方向就应该是有意识地，恰当地使用比较复杂的句型语法和词汇。读者应先培养这种意识，然后进行大量练习。下面的练习重点训练的就是句型词汇和有效连接，请读者不要进行简单的翻译，而是通读上下文，尽量多地使用复杂多样的句型词汇。 根据2001年考题填空。Dear Dick,How nice to hear from you again.1.过去_, I used to have classes all day and do homework at night. And I didnt go to bed until 11:30.2.连接词_, nowadays, I have

9、more time做我想做的_.周末变得更加丰富多彩了_.3.白天_, I often visit museums or 学电脑及绘画_.使用拟人句_.4.In the evening,使用eitheror句型_.5.而且_, I go to bed/sleep earlier than beforeat ten oclock.6.发挥一句I hope _. 参考答案：1过去In the past , I used to have classes all day and do homework at night. And I didnt go to bed until 11:30.2连接词Fo

10、rtunately/ However, nowadays, I have more time 做我想做的to do what I desire/like/ choose/ want/ prefer/am fond of .周末更加丰富多彩了the weekends have become more interesting/fun/ less tiring/ no longer study-centered/ exam-oriented .3白天In the daytime/ during the day, I often visit museums or 学电脑及绘画learn compute

11、r and drawing/go to computer and drawing lessons.使用拟人句 Daytime finds me visiting museums or learning computer and drawing.4.In the evening, 使用eitheror句型I can either watch news reports or read newspapers and books.5.而且What is more/In addition/ Besides/ More importantly, I go to bed/sleep earlier than

12、 beforeat ten oclock.6.发挥一句I hope things wont have to change in the future/ can become even better/ the learning load could be further reduced. I hope you are also enjoying pleasant weekends now. （作者：方林广州新东方中学部优秀教师）2009高考英语作文备考学案. NMET书面表达第五项要求1. 覆盖所有的语言要点。 内容要点可用不同方式表达。对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。2. 应用词汇和语法结构的数

13、量和准确性。值得注意的是语法结构或词汇方面虽有些许错误, 但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致; 具备较强的语言运用能力。3.有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。. 常见的不足1 汉语式英语2 无过渡语3 句式单一,平铺直叙. 如何增强书面表达效果使用较高级的词汇使用恰当的连接词使用较丰富的句式一、怎样使用较高级的词汇1. Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable.2. We all think he is a great man.3. Suddenly I thought out a good idea.4

14、. The students there neednt pay for their books.5. As a result the plan was a failure.6. When she heard he had died, she went pale with sorrow.7. She went to Austria in order to study music. 8. When he spoke, he felt more and more excited.9.In our school, there are twenty-six classrooms.10. You can

15、find my house easily. 二、怎样使用恰当的连接词连接词使文章语意通顺，前后衔接紧密，可采用以下方法：提示1：恰当使用关联词，如when，so，if，because，so that等。提示2：巧妙使用意思有联系的词或短语，如First, Second, Third, Soon, Whats more, As a result等。提示3：适当使用过渡性语句，如The reasons are as follows./Every coin has two sides./On the other hand,/On the contrary,Besides, it would be b

16、etter for her to have a pet dog as I have kept one at home for some time. ( 2007全国I)First, she can make some pocket money to meet pet daily needs and thus develop a sense of independence. Second, she can learn how to deal with various problems in the workplace. Third, she can build up new friendship

17、s and improve bet social skills. (2007陕西)In my opinion, learning English is a step-by-step process. (2007浙江)连接词、句型的选择1、递进关系 （肯定）Besides / Whats more / Also /In addition/Furthermore（否定）Whats worse / Even worse / Worse still /To make matters worse2、时间 一就：The moment / On doing / as soon as /immediately

18、 / directly不 久：It was not long before / After a while / Soon 然 后：After that / Then / So / Next同 时： At the same time / Meanwhile3、转 折：however , / but / on the contrary / On the other hand / yet / although4、顺 序：First / Second / Third / Last / Next/Then5、条 件：If / As long as / So long as /on condition t

19、hat / unless6、强 调：It was that / who / So she did . /I do hope / She did help me. /It really worked./ besides/ furthermore/moreover/whats more/ certainly/ actually/ in fact7、其 它：不得不做某事：have to do sth./have no choice but to do sth./have nothing to do but do sth.有必要做某事：There is no need (for sb.) to do

20、sth./It is necessary (for sb.)to do 最好 做某 事：Youd better do sth. / Its better to do sth.做某事没困难：have no difficulty in doing sth. / have no trouble in doing sth.感 谢 某 人：thank sb. / be thankful to sb./ express ones thanks to sb. /be grateful to sb. / Thanks to 求 助 某 人：turn to sb. for help / ask sb. for

21、help / with the help of / with ones help惊 奇：To ones surprise / In surprise / Surprisingly / only +不定式（表意外结果）结 果：As a result / Therefore / Thus / So总 结：In a word / In short / Above all / After all/ generally speaking/ to sum up/ in all/altogether / as is known to all表 达 观 点：In my opinion / I think /

22、I believe / Im sure / I guess原因如下（很多）：he reasons are as follows. /here are many reasons for it.浪费金钱（时间）：Its a waste of money / time Task: 请在下列句子中（间）填上恰当的关联词或意思有联系的短语。Yao Ming was walking in the street he heard someone cry for help.He advised that I hire a car I could travel around in the west .It wa

23、s not long the police came. he heard the cry for help, he jumped into the water to save the girl.o you agree with my arrangement ? ,do write to me soon.We can go downtown and do some shopping. , we can pay a visit to some places of interest.7、I shared the cost of the gas with my friends . , I saved

24、$80.8、Eating sugar is bad for our teeth. , it may make us fat.Task: Writing Practice 请你给中国日报写一篇稿件，谈谈农村儿童失学的主要原因及你的看法。原因：1、家庭贫穷，供不起儿童上学，他们不得不在家赚钱养家。2、部分家长认为女孩上学无用，不愿让她们上学。 3、 部分儿童对功课不感兴趣，不愿上学。看法：1、 每个儿童包括女孩都应有受教育的机会。2、全社会都应重视儿童教育，他们对国家的未来将起到重要的作用。要求：1、不要逐字逐句翻译。 2、语句要连贯通顺。 3、字数100个左右。 Now in the count

25、ry areas, there are many children out of school. Most families are poor and cant afford their education. They have to stay at home and make money. Some parents think daughters neednt go to school. They dont let them go to school. Some children are not interested in their studies and wouldnt like to

26、go to school. All the children including girls should be educated. The whole society should pay attention to it. Theyll play an important part in the future of our country.诊断：?优点 1、词能达意；2、语句表达基本正确。缺点 语句不够连贯药方 1、使用常见句型；2、每两个句子之间使用关联词或过渡词。Now in the country areas, there are many children out of school

27、.。，most families are too poor to send their children to school . ,they have no choice but to stay at home and make money. ,some parents think there is no need for their daughters to go to school. ,they dont let them go to school. ,some children are not interested in their studies. ,some wouldnt like

28、 to go to school.,all the children including girls should be educated . ,the whole society should pay attention to it theyll play an important part in the future of our country one day.三、怎样使用较丰富的句式方法一. 使用非谓语动词使句子简洁高档Rewrite the sentences1. They arrived at the school. They felt the happy atmosphere.2

29、. I will be given another chance. I will succeed.3. He wants to improve his English. He studies hard. 4 When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.（使用V-ing形式）.Complete the sentences with non-predicate (非谓语动词)听到这个消息, 他们变的很激动。 _the news, they got excited.6. 尽管被告知许多遍, 他仍然重复这个错。 _many times, he still rep

30、eated the mistake.7. 除非被邀请发言, 你应该在会议上保持沉默。 Unless _to speak, you should keep silent at the meeting.Translate the following sentences by using non-predicate (非谓语动词)8. 面对困难时，他从不放弃。9. 引入市场后，该产品大获成功。10. 做完作业后，他回家了。方法二. 巧用倒装结构增强句子的表现力Complete the sentences1. He didnt realize his foolishness until he retu

31、rned home. Not until .2. We can save the earth by changing the way we live. Only .3. He is clever but he does not work hard. as / though .4. The clock tower stands on the other side of the street. On the other side of the street .Translate the sentences by using Inverted Sentences(倒装句)5. 他从不说关于他家庭的事

32、。6. 只有我们每个人都意识到水的重要性, 我们才能生活得更好。7. 只有用这种方式, 我们才能有足够的精力好好学习。8. Describe the character（济公） by using Inverted Sentence(倒装句)9. 他是个孩子，却知道很多。10. 墙上有个通知，上面写着“请节约用水”。方法三. 尝试多样化表达方式1、感叹句 e.g. 1) How happy I was when I received your letter.2） What a kind boy he is! 3）How disappointed he was !2、强调句 e.g. It was

33、 this young boy that helped the old granny. 3、倒装句 e.g. 1) Only in this way can you solve this problem.2) There comes the police car.3) Hardly had they got to the station when they met the young man.4、省略句 e.g. They read while walking or riding on a bus.5、with短语 e.g. I saw a young lady walking slowly

34、in the street with a handbag in her hand.6、定语从句 e.g. In my opinion, cyber cafes should be a place where we can find much useful information.7、各种名词性从句 e.g. Thats what I should do.8、各种状语从句 e.g. Use ifferent ways to describe the picture （连战的破冰之旅）一就受到欢迎a. As soon as Lien Chan and his wife arrived at the

35、 airport, they were warmly welcomed.b. On arriving at the airport, Lien Chan and his wifec. Lien Chan and his wife were warmly welcomed directly/ the moment they arrived at the airport.d. No sooner had Lien Chan and his wife arrived at the airport than they were e. Hardly had Lien Chan and his wife

36、arrived at the airport when they were Task: 按要求改写下列句子,使其更具文采。1. He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper. (强调句型) 2. I hope I can pay a visit to you next year.（强调）3. Tom was puzzled.（感叹）4. It is great fun to climb the hill.（感叹）5. Tom and Mary like singing songs.（肯

37、定倒装）6. John likes to study and play.（否定倒装）7. Though Im weak, Ill make the effort. (使用倒装句)8. To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.（使用名词性从句）9. Soon the firefighters came.（表时间句型）10. In recent years, Beijing has been advancing very fast.All these make peoples lives convenient, pleasant

38、and colorful.a._which_b. With the development of _c. _so _ that_Translate the sentences:我校是一所市重点中学， 位于乐陵西郊。校园很美,绿树成荫。West of Leling lies our school, which is a key school of Dezhou city. It is beautiful, surrounded with many trees/with many trees.Task:书面表达：联合国教科文组织某考察团正在我国某乡村参观考察。假定你是接待人员，请根据下列提示以发言

39、稿的形式简要介绍这个村的情况： 1)大小：近100户人家，约500口人。 2)变化：过去很穷，78年后变化很大。人们生活比以前好多了。现已旧貌换新颜。 3)教育：原来的学校很小，现已经过改建。新建的教学楼有4层，是村里最美的建筑物。村所有学龄儿童在此免费就读。 注意：1）要点齐全，前后连贯。 2）词数：100-120之间。Ladies and gentlemen, Welcome to our school! This village is very small. It has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be ve

40、ry poor. It has changed a lot since 1978 . People here are richer than before. Now it is taking on a new look.In the past, the school here was very small . Now it has been rebuilt. The newly built teaching building has 4 storeys . It is the most beautiful building in the village. All the school-age

41、children can study here. They enjoy free education in it. Thank you.Ladies and gentlemen, Welcome to our school! This village is a small one with/which has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. However, it has changed a lot since 1978 and has been developing very fast. P

42、eople here live a much better life than before . Now it is taking on a new look. In the past, the school here was very small and most children couldnt afford to go to school. But now it has been rebuilt and the newly built teaching building which has 4 storeys is the most beautiful one in the villag

43、e. All the school-age children can study here. Whats more, they enjoy free education. May you enjoy your stay here / May you have a pleasant time here! Thank you. 习作分析Task:书面表达(满分25分)某中学生英语报社正开展一场题为“Young teachers or elderly teachers，which do you prefer?”请你依据下面表格所提供的要点写一篇短文，向该报社投稿。注意：1词数100左右，开头语已为你

44、写好，不计入总数；2短文必须包含表格的全部内容。要求观点明确，结构合理，紧凑连贯学生作品1： Compare with young teachers, I prefer elderly teachers. There are some reasons below. For one thing, most of elderly teachers are patient in teaching. They not only spare no effort to teach the students, but also give classes carefully .They will do all

45、 they can to make the students understand the teaching content. What good teachers! For another thing, elderly teachers are full of teaching experience. This is also the most important, especially for us senior students. This is only my opinion. I think young teachers are also good.点 评：亮 点：1、观点鲜明，词汇

46、句型的运用比较灵活2、过渡词及连词的使用使文章结构紧凑连贯、条理清楚。不足之处：1、个别地方的表达需要改进。1) Compared2) more3) try to make the classes lively and interesting2、审题不全面，忽略了对青年教师这部分信息的处理。这一点是比较大的失误。学生作品2: Opinions are divided on this question. Some students who like the elderly teachers more than the young ones think thatthe elderly ones a

47、re more patient in teaching, more careful in explaining and also have a lot of experience. However, the others have a different opinion. They think the teachers who are young are full of energy. Besides, their teaching is lively and they dare to bring in the new ideas. Well, in my opinion, I like bo

48、th the elderly teachers and the young ones because from them we both can learn a lot.点 评：亮 点：1、段落清楚，要点齐全，句式表达比较灵活，能适当运用复句。2、过渡词运用也比较熟练。需要改进的地方：1) prefer the elderly teachers to the young ones2) with explanations3) the 去掉4) The young teachersSome useful suggestions:对于英语基础不好的学生，可以这样处理：把所给的材料分为几个点，每个点用

49、1-2句简单句表达出来；而对于英语较好的学生，尽可能地运用一些高级词汇跟适当地运用一些复合句，关键是要表达准确到位。 1. 重点词汇的处理跟运用1）Elderly teachers have more patience. /They are more patient.2) Elderly teachers always explain things more carefully.They are more careful with explanations.3) Elderly teachers are rich in teaching experience. They are experie

50、nced in teaching. /They have more/rich teaching experience.4) Young teachers are full of energy. /They have more energy. /They are more energetic.5) Young teachers teaching is more lively. /They can make their classes lively and interesting.6) Young teachers like to think up/bring in new ideas.They

51、are more ready to accept or create new ideas.2. 句型的灵活运用1) Some students may think old teachers teaching is better. In their opinion, old teachers have more teaching experience and they are very patient. Also, they can explain things more carefully.Some students may like elderly teachers teaching bec

52、ause they think elderly teachers have more teaching experience and that they tend to be patient and careful with explanations. 2) Many young teachers work very hard. So their teaching is becoming better and better. Most young teachers devote themselves to their work, making them teach creatively and

53、 effectively.One possible version:Opinions are divided on this question. Some students may like elderly teachers teaching because they think elderly teachers have more teaching experience and that they tend to be patient and careful with explanations. However, I prefer to be taught by young teachers

54、. Firstly, we students have much in common with them. So they are our friends as well as our teachers. Secondly, they are more .energetic and enthusiastic. Usually they can make their classes lively and interesting. Besides, they are more ready to accept or create new ideas, including teaching. Thir

55、dly, most young teachers devote themselves to their work, making them teach creatively and effectively.In a word, I prefer young teachers to elderly teachers. 课堂小结1. 使用较高级的词汇词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。2. 使用恰当的连接词使用恰当连接词，对写一篇有“英语味”的文章很重要，能使文章上下衔接自然、紧凑。3. 使用较丰富的句式运用得当的句子结构可以给文章增色不少，从而使整篇文章因此而生辉 。固定

56、搭配 (一)名词的固定搭配介词+名词形式第一组by accident 偶然 on account of 因为，由于in addition 另外 in addition to 除之外(包括)in the air 在 HYPERLINK /jjxy/xy02.shtml t _blank 流行中，在传播中on (the/an) average 平均，一般来说on the basis of 根据，在的基础上at (the) best 充其量，至多for the better 好转，改善on board 在船(车、飞机)上out of breath 喘不过气来on business 因公，因事in a

57、ny case 无论如何，总之in case of 假使，万一in case 假如，以防(万一)，免得in no case 决不第二组by chance 偶然，碰巧in charge (of) 负责，主管(a) round the clock 昼夜不停地in common 共用，共有，共同in conclusion 最后，总之on condition that 在条件下in confidence 信任in connection with/to关于in consequence 因此，结果in consequence of 由于的缘故on the contrary 反之，正相反in contras

58、t with/to 与成对照out of control 失去控制under control 被控制住at all costs 不惜任何代价at the cost of 以为代价第三组in the course of 在过程中，在期间of course 当然，自然，无疑in danger 在危险中，垂危out of danger 脱离危险out of date 过期(时)的up to date 时新的in debt 欠债in detail 详细地in difficulties 处境困难in the distance 在远处off duty 下班on duty 值班，上班on earth 究竟，

59、到底at all events 无论如何in any event 无论如何in effect 有效；实际上第四组in the event of 万一，如果发生for example 例如with the exception of除之外in the face of 面对，不顾，即使in fact 其实，实际上on fire 烧着on foot 步行in force 有效；实施中in favo(u)r of 有利于，赞成，支持in front of 在面前in (the) future 今后，将来on guard 警惕，防范in general 通常，大体上in half 成两半at hand 在

60、手边，在附近from tip to toe 彻头彻尾，完全by hand 用手hand down to 往下传，传给(后代)第五组hand in hand 手拉手，携手in hand 在掌握中，在控制中on hand 在手边，临近on (the) one hand. 一方面，on the other hand.另一方面at heart 在内心；实质上by heart 牢记，凭记忆at home 在家，在国内；自在，自如in honor of 以纪念，向表示敬意on ones honor 以名誉担保in a hurry 匆忙地，立即for instance 例如，举例说at intervals